Mapping and characterization of a green biofilm inside of Vilar de Frades Church (Portugal)

Vilar de Frades church is integrated in the Vilar de Frades Monastery, located in the North part of Portugal (Barcelos). The monastery, founded in 566, suffered several architectural modifications and restoration works, the most relevant was in the XVI century. The church, in granite, has one nave and six bays,holding ten chapels with vaults of crossed ribbings. Nowadays, the chapels present a severe biological colonization characterised by an intense green biofilm, which becoming apparent in other locations inside the church. In the course of a general survey concerning the conservation state of the church, an accurate campaign was planned in order to assess the main biodeterioration agents, map biological colonization and determine the environmental conditions. Laboratory analyses were accomplished with optical microscopy and spectrofluorometry. This study presents the results of this campaign. Details on conservation or preservation works that need to be implemented are also presented.

Bio and magnetostratigraphy of two Lower Miocene sections, Tagus basin (Portugal)

The magnetostratigraphy of two sections in early Miocene marine deposits of the Tagus Basin is studied. Thermal demagnetization was used to isolate the primary component of magnetization for 45 samples from the Foz da Fonte section, and for 74 others from Trafaria section. The succession of the polarity zones found in these sections is tentatively correlated with the geomagnetic polarity time scale (GPTS) on the basis of the biostratigraphic data yielded by planktic Foraminifera. The planktic zones and magnetic polarities recognized in these sections can be adequately correlated with the part of the GPTS [table calibrated by BERGGRENET al. (1985)] corresponding to the Anomalies 6 and 5E (Foz da Fonte) and 5D (Trafaria). This correlations suggests ages between 19,35 and 18,14 Ma for Foz da Fonte section, and 17,90 to 16,98 Ma for Trafaria.

Severity and exposure associated with tsunami actions in urban waterfronts: the case of Lisbon, Portugal

The Tagus estuary is bordered by the largest metropolitan area in Portugal, the Lisbon capital city council. It has suffered the impact of several major tsunamis in the past, as shown by a recent revision of the catalogue of tsunamis that struck the Portuguese coast over the past two millennia. Hence, the exposure of populations and infrastructure established along the riverfront comprises a critical concern for the civil protection services. The main objectives of this work are to determine critical inundation areas in Lisbon and to quantify the associated severity through a simple index derived from the local maximum of momentum flux per unit mass and width. The employed methodology is based on the mathematical modelling of a tsunami propagating along the estuary, resembling the one occurred on the 1 November of 1755 that followed the 8.5 M-w Great Lisbon Earthquake. The employed simulation tool was STAV-2D, a shallow-flow solver coupled with conservation equations for fine solid phases, and now featuring the novelty of discrete Lagrangian tracking of large debris. Different sets of initial conditions were studied, combining distinct tidal, atmospheric and fluvial scenarios, so that the civil protection services were provided with comprehensive information to devise public warning and alert systems and post-event mitigation intervention. For the most severe scenario, the obtained results have shown a maximum inundation extent of 1.29 km at the AlcA cent ntara valley and water depths reaching nearly 10 m across Lisbon's riverfront.

Le gisement de Asseiceira, Portugal (Mioc��ne sup��rieur) Donn��es compl��mentaires sur Freiria de Rio Maior

A new upper Miocene locality at Asseiceira (Rio Maior), near the top of the "Calc��rios de Almoster e Santar��m" unit (Almoster and Santar��m limestones) is studied. Animal and plant fossils are described. Comparisons are drawn to other localities related to the same unit: Freiria and Azambujeira (middle and upper levels, both with large mammals). Small mammals from Asseiceira and Freiria point out to a rather old age amidst the upper Vallesian, MN 10 mammal-unit. This gives a fairly accurate datation for the "Calc��rios de Almoster e Santar��m" and for the short time span of the corresponding sedimentation. Climate was warm and quite dry, with contrasting seasons and arid events. During upper Vallesian times, climate in Iberian Peninsula was varied but drier than in France, and specially so in the inner basins. However in Portugal and in Catalonia climate would he less different in comparison with that of the Rh��ne basin. Environmental evolution has been important: at Freiria and Azambujeira (middle level) there were mainly shallow lacustrine environments that received ressurgence waters from the nearby "Maci��o calc��rio". Humid areas were closely surrounded by dense forests and these by broader and drier savanna or steppe areas. Still later, carbonate sedimentation ended. For some time there was still a river system with oxbows; humid areas probably were decreasing in favour of surrounding, rather dry environments. This study stressed the nced for revision of the geology of the region of Rio Maior and for a new geological mapping of that area. Environmental evolution has been important: at Freiria and Azambujeira (middle level) there were mainly shallow lacustrine environments that received ressurgence waters from the nearby "Maci��o calc��rio".

Danny e o profundo mar azul: introdu����o da t��cnica da Meisner em Portugal pela Below de Belt Teatro Co.: relat��rio de est��gio

Relat��rio de Est��gio submetido�� Escola Superior de Teatro e Cinemapara cumprimento dos requisitos necess��rios �� obten����o do grau de Mestre em Artes Performativas- especializa����o em Teatro-M��sica

Inova����o nas organiza����es do setor de sa��de: evid��ncia emp��rica de Portugal

O objetivo fundamental deste estudo consiste em analisar a inova����o das organiza����es do setor da sa��de em Portugal, com vista a identificar os respetivos fatores cr��ticos de sucesso. Efetuamos um estudo quantitativo, explorat��rio, descritivo e transversal, atrav��s da an��lise e tratamento dos dados recolhidos atrav��s do Inqu��rito Comunit��rio �� Inova����o. O setor revela dinamismo na introdu����o de produtos novos para o mercado e para a empresa, onde a coopera����o externa �� preferencialmente orientada �� investiga����o e desenvolvimento (I&D), existindo ainda um reduzido envolvimento dos agentes de mercado nas atividades de I&D atrav��s de parcerias.

The Neogene of Portugal

After a brief historical introduction, this paper deals with the main concerned geotectonic units: the Lower Tagus and Alvalade basins, the Western and Southern borders, and their infillings. Most of the Neogene events and record concern areas South of the Iberian Central Chain, a nearly inverse situation as that of Paleogene times. In the most important of these units, the Lower Tagus basin, there are quite thick detrital series, mostly marine in its distal part near Lisboa (albeit with several continental intercalations), and mainly continental in its inner part. Sedimentological record is almost complete since Lowermost to Upper Miocene. The richness ofdata (paleontology, isotope chronology, paleoclimate, etc.) it gives and the possibility of direct marine-continental correlations render this basin one of the more interesting ones in Western Europe. Alvalade basin is separated from the previous one by a barrier of Paleozoic rocks. Two transgressions events (Upper Tortonian and Messinian in age) are recorded. Active sedimentation may be correlated to Late Miocene tectonics events. In Algarve, chiefly marine units from Lower to Upper Miocene are well developped. The Lower unit (Lagos-Portim��o Formation) is best exposed in Western Algarve, but desappears eastwards. Middle Miocene is not as well known, whereas Upper Miocene main outcrops are in Eastern Algarve. Cacela Formation is remarquable for its beautiful fossils. Sedimentation as a whole refletcts the tectonic activity and in special the evolution of the Algarve flexures. There is scant evidence of post-Lower Miocene volcanism, the latest known in Portugal. Pliocene has not been recognized there beyond doubt. Miocene sediments are much less important to the North of the Central Iberian Chain. Continental beds near Leiria that yielded the well-known "Hisp anotherium fauna" are lower Middle Miocene. Pliocene corresponds to dramatic changes in paleogeography. At Setiibal Peninsula there is some evidence of a minor Lower Pliocene transgression. Continental detrital sediments, often coarse, occupy rather large areas. In Western Portugal between the Set��bal Peninsula and Pombal there is good evidence of a marine Upper Pliocene transgression, followed up by dune sands overlain by marsh clays, diatomites, lignites and boghead levels that can be partly Pleistocene in age.

A sa��de dos imigrantes em Portugal : que necessidades em sa��de? : que utiliza����o dos cuidados de sa��de?

RESUMO - Portugal, pa��s de imigra����o, viu aumentar a popula����o imigrante em 4,56% de 2006 a 2008. Assim, torna-se importante conhecer n��o s�� as caracter��sticas socioecon��micas desta popula����o imigrante, mas tamb��m quais as suas necessidades em sa��de e que utiliza����o fazem dos cuidados de sa��de. Este trabalho baseou-se no IV Inqu��rito Nacional de Sa��de realizado em 2005 e 2006 pelo INSA e analisou as popula����es portuguesa e imigrante nas vari��veis de sa��de e de utiliza����o dos cuidados. Para a an��lise do rendimento utilizou-se a Curva de concentra����o proposta por Wagstaff, ��ndices de Concentra����o da Doen��a, de Utiliza����o e ��ndice de LeGrand. Os resultados sugeriram melhor estado de sa��de da popula����o imigrante relativamente �� popula����o portuguesa (estado de sa��de auto-reportado, sensa����o de mal-estar ou adoentado, dias de actividade limitada e dias de acamamento). Nas doen��as cr��nicas (diabetes, asma e dor cr��nica), a popula����o imigrante apresentou piores resultados na asma. Foram encontrados piores resultados em sa��de entre as mulheres nos dois grupos de popula����o, mas tamb��m mais frequ��ncia de utiliza����o. Os imigrantes revelam tamb��m menor acessibilidade a consultas m��dicas e consumo de medicamentos. A an��lise do rendimento enquanto factor gerador de desigualdades em sa��de permitiu concluir que existem desigualdades na distribui����o do rendimento que condicionam tanto a popula����o portuguesa como a popula����o imigrante. Outros estudos poder��o ser considerados para an��lise da sa��de da popula����o imigrante, especialmente os que incluam os cidad��os indocumentados, an��lise das popula����es por pa��s de nascimento, os anos de perman��ncia em Portugal e as causas de mortalidade. ---------------------------- ABSTRACT - Portugal, a country of immigration, has seen its immigrant population increasing 4.56% from 2006 to 2008. Therefore, it is important to analyse, not only the socioeconomic characteristics of immigrant population, but also their health needs and utilization of health care. This work was based on the IV National Health Survey conducted in 2005 and 2006 by INSA and analyzed the Portuguese and Immigrant populations in the variables of Health and Utilization of Health Services. In order to analyse the income, the Concentration Curve proposed by Wagstaff and the Concentration Index was used. The results suggested a better health in immigrant population compared with Portuguese population (state of self-reported health, feeling sick or ill, days of limited activity and days of lodging). For the variables of chronic diseases (diabetes, asthma and chronic pain), immigrants have shown worse results in asthma. In both groups (Immigrants and Portuguese), women have had more health problems than men. Lower utilization among Immigrants was found in outpatient visits and in prescription drug utilization. In conclusion, it can be stated that the analysis of the income as a generator of health inequalities showed inequalities in the income distribution that affects both Portuguese and immigrants��� health. Other studies may be considered to analyze immigrants��� health especially those that include undocumented immigrants, analysis of populations by country of birth, years of residence in Portugal and the causes of mortality.

Sub-notifica����o de reac����es adversas medicamentosas : um problema com solu����o? : contribui����o para o conhecimento da sub-notifica����o de RAMs em Portugal e implementa����o de medidas minimizadoras do impacte

RESUMO - Introdu����o: As Reac����es Adversas Medicamentosas (RAMs) constituem um grave problema de Sa��de P��blica em termos da mortalidade e morbilidade provocadas, tendo tamb��m um impacto econ��mico consider��vel nos Sistemas de Sa��de. Os Sistemas de Notificac��o Espont��nea de RAMs s��o considerados como o m��todo de vigil��ncia de medicamentos mais eficaz, sendo a sub-notifica����o de RAMs uma das suas maiores limita����es. Em termos globais, foi estimado que apenas 6% de todas as reac����es adversas s��o notificadas. Portugal apresenta uma taxa de notifica����o de RAMs relativamente baixa quando comparada com os pa��ses mais notificadores da Europa. S��o objectivos deste estudo: 1) caracterizar as atitudes e os comportamentos dos m��dicos, dos farmac��uticos e dos enfermeiros em Portugal Continental relativamente �� notifica����o de RAMs; e 2) caracterizar a efectividade de interven����es educacionais destinadas a reduzir a sub-notifica����o de RAMs. M��todos: Numa primeira fase ser�� efectuado um estudo de caso-controlo em m��dicos, farmac��uticos e enfermeiros de Portugal Continental, a exercer actividade no Servico Nacional de Sa��de (SNS), de modo a caracterizar as suas atitudes e comportamentos relativamente �� notifica����o de RAMs. Como casos ser��o considerados os Profissionais de Sa��de que notificaram pelo menos uma RAM num determinado per��odo e os controlos os Profissionais de Sa��de que n��o notificaram qualquer RAM nesse mesmo per��odo, sendo estes ��timos seleccionados aleatoriamente. O estudo ser�� conduzido atrav��s de um question��rio de auto-resposta, em que as quest��es relativas ��s atitudes e comportamentos s��o baseadas nos ���sete pecados mortais��� de Inman. Ser�� utilizada uma Escala Visual Anal��gica para registar as respostas, podendo estas ir de zero (totalmente em desacordo) at�� 10 (totalmente de acordo). Ser�� utilizada uma an��lise de regress��o log��stica para determinar o odds ratio ajustado (ORadj) da notifica����o de RAMs para uma mudan��a de exposi����o correspondente ao range interquartil para cada atitude. Numa segunda fase, ser�� efectuado ensaio aleatorizado controlado de cluster, para caracterizar a efectividade das interven����es educacionais realizadas sobre as causas identificadas na primeira parte do trabalho, com o intuito de reduzir a sub-notifica����o de RAMs. Com base em informac��o de 2007 foram identificados 43 clusters dispersos pelas v��rias Regi��es de Sa��de. As interven����es educacionais s��o compostas por uma apresenta����o com uma hora de dura����o complementada por um folheto recordat��rio. Ser��o ainda realizados dois sub-estudos, em que o V1.0, Final 28Set09 viii Sub-notifica����o de RAMs em Portugal ��� Um problema com solu����o ? primeiro tentar�� caracterizar o efeito de contamina����o entre Profissionais de Sa��de e o segundo pretende caracterizar a dura����o do efeito das interven����es educacionais. Resultados a atingir: Pretende-se, com a implementa����o deste projecto, aumentar o n��mero de notifica����es de RAMs pelos m��dicos, farmac��uticos e enfermeiros em cerca de 110%, de modo a atingir-se uma taxa de notifica����o de aproximadamente 300 notifica����es por milh��o de habitantes por ano (i.e., multiplicar por 2,1 o n��mero notifica����es existentes). -------------------ABSTRACT - Introduction: The Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a serious Public Health problem in terms of mortality and morbidity caused, being also an economic burden for the health systems. The Spontaneous Adverse Event Reporting Systems are considered as the most effective drug surveillance methods, in which the ADR under-reporting represents one of its biggest limitations. It was estimated that only 6% of all adverse reactions are notified globally. When comparing with high ADR reporting rate countries Portugal shows a low ADR reporting rate. This study aims to: 1) characterize the physicians, pharmacists and nurses attitudes and behaviours related to ADR under-reporting; 2) characterize the educational interventions effectiveness to decrease the ADRs under-reporting. Methods: During a first phase a case-control study will be conducted in physicians, pharmacists and nurses in Continental Portugal working in the National Health System (NHS) in order to characterize their attitudes and behaviours related to ADR reporting. The Healthcare Professionals that have reported at least one ADR during a determined period will be considered as the cases and those that have not reported any ADR during the same period will be considered as the controls. The controls will be randomly selected. The study will be conducted through a self-administered questionnaire in which the questions related to the attitudes and behaviours are based in the Inmans���s ���seven mortal sins���. A Visual Analogue Scale will be used to record the responses. The responses can range from 0 (totally disagree) to 10 (totally agree). Logistic regression will be used to determine the ADR reporting adjusted odds ratio (ORadj) for a change in the exposure corresponding to the interquartile range for each attitude. In the second phase of the study a cluster-randomized controlled trial will be conducted to characterize the educational interventions effectiveness focused on the first phase identified causes with the aim to decrease the ADRs under-reporting. Based in 2007���s information 43 clusters have been identified throughout the several Health Regions. The educational interventions are composed of one hour presentation complemented by an informational leaflet. Two sub-studies will be also conducted in which the first one will try to characterize the contamination effect between the Healthcare Professionals and the second to characterize the educational interventions effect duration. V1.0, Final 28Set09 x Sub-notifica����o de RAMs em Portugal ��� Um problema com solu����o ? Outcome: With the project implementation an increase of the ADR notifications performed by the physicians, pharmacists and nurses by 110% is aimed in order to obtain approximately 300 notifications per million habitants per year (i.e., multiply by 2,1 the existent notifications).

Controlo da tuberculose em Portugal : papel e qualidade da detec����o de casos

RESUMO - A impressionante evolu����o da incid��ncia notificada desde 1950 evidencia o quanto o sistema de informa����o �� sens��vel ao esfor��o de notifica����o, reflectindo ainda o impacte das medidas de controlo que foram sendo introduzidas, bem como alguma melhoria nas condi����es sociais com efeito favor��vel sobre a doen��a (Briz, 2005). Sendo a tuberculose uma doen��a de notifica����o obrigat��ria, nos termos da Portaria n.�� 766/86, de 26 de Dezembro, os casos dever��o ser sempre comunicados �� Autoridade de Sa��de, em impresso aprovado. O facto de a tuberculose ter um sistema de informa����o pr��prio tem permitido um conhecimento relativamente completo da situa����o epidemiol��gica. (DGS, 1995) Pretende-se caracterizar o perfil de distribui����o da incid��ncia notificada da tuberculose pulmonar, em Portugal Continental, nomeadamente a n��vel distrital, no per��odo compreendido entre 2000 e 2008, inclusive, partindo-se depois para um estudo mais pormenorizado, relacionado com a sensibilidade do sistema de notifica����o da tuberculose, no sentido de se quantificarem os problemas de subnotifica����o. Para valida����o da notifica����o, ser��o utilizados os dados de 2007 e 2008. Procurar-se-�� depois obter o perfil da incid��ncia ajustada para a detec����o em cada um desses anos, avan��ando-se de seguida para a identifica����o e caracteriza����o de par��metros complementares e de acesso f��cil que contribuam para interpretar a distribui����o geogr��fica da incid��ncia notificada, em fun����o da sua prov��vel validade. Perante o eventual confronto com o problema da subnotifica����o, a identifica����o das raz��es da menor ades��o �� notifica����o de casos de tuberculose pulmonar apresenta-se quase como inevit��vel, sendo feita atrav��s do recurso a entrevistas a informadores-chave. --------------------------------------ABSTRACT - The impressive development of the incidence reported since 1950 shows how the system is sensitive to the effort of notification, still reflects the impact of control measures have been introduced, and some improvement in social conditions with favorable effect on the disease ( Briz, 2005). As tuberculosis a notifiable disease, according to Ordinance No. 766/86, December 26, cases should be reported to the Health Authority, approved in print. The fact that tuberculosis have an information system itself has allowed a relatively complete knowledge of the epidemiological situation. (DGS, 1995) The aim is to characterize the distribution profile of the reported incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in Portugal, particularly at district level in the period between 2000 and 2008, starting from then to a more detailed study, related to the sensitivity of the system notification of tuberculosis, in order to quantify the problems of underreporting. For validation of the notification, we used the data from 2007 and 2008. Search will then obtain the profile of the adjusted incidence for detection in each of those years, advancing is then for the identification and characterization of additional parameters and easy access to contribute to interpret the geographical distribution of reported incidence in according to their likely validity. Given the eventual confrontation with the problem of underreporting, the identification of reasons for the lower adherence to reporting cases of pulmonary tuberculosis has become almost as inevitable, being made through the use of interviews with key informants.

Dinossauros e Portugal: dois casos menos conhecidos

After some remarks on the protection of sites recognized as most interesting, two less known items about dinosaurs and Portugal are dealt with. The first of theme concerns the first published account on dinosaur tracks. Jacinto Pedro Gomes, then (1884) preparing a report on the Cabo Mondego coal mines, was told of the occurrence of large footprint casts that subsequently were sent to the Museum of the Escola Polit��cnica in Lisbon. Gomes has shown drawings of them to B. Geinitz (Dresden), who ascribed the casts to dinosaurs. Karl Zittel (M��nchen), corroborated this viewpoint, and Louis Dollo (Brussels) reported them to Ornithopods. A posthumous note by GOMES (1915-1916) is the first scientific paper on dinosaur tracks in Portugal. However, it is not the first published report. Jo��o Bonan��a, a reporter, presented in his large book "HISTORIA / DA / LUZITANIA E DA IBERIA ..." (1891), a new (both irrealistic and useless) stratigraphic classification. He also replaced Zoological and Botanic Nomenclature by another one devised by him. Having seen the footprint casts at the Museum of the Escola Polit��cnica, he referred bird or dinosaur footprints in Cabo Mondego's Upper Jurassic, this being the first published report on such fossils as far as Portugal is concerned. The second theme is about Late Cretaceous dinosaurs from Viso, Aveiro and Taveiro. Faunas are marked by generalized nannism, and seem impoverished by previous extinctions of larger forms; their probable insular character has been acknowledged. Extinctions may well be explained by non-catastrophic causes. The general fall of temperatures may have been far more important.

Restos de Anchitherium de Lisboa, Portugal

The Anchitherium remains from several Portuguese localities placed on IVb and Vb (Lisbon area) levels are studied. They are compared with the French and Spanish remains, and particularly with those from the Madrid basin. They are identified as Anchitherium cf. A. ezquerrae from the Vb level remains, because the remains are very scarce.

S��laciens du Mioc��ne terminal du bassin d'Alvalade (Portugal). Essai de synth��se

A rich uppermost Miocene selachian fauna from the Alvalade Basin (represented by more than 10.000 teeth) is accounted for. It is the most modern miocene fauna of neritic habit under warm-temperate to subtropical conditions, known in the european Miocene.