Working with legal pluralism: widowhood, property inheritance and poverty alleviation in urban Senegal

This article explores the role of women's inheritance and ownership of property in urban Senegal. It shows how being able to inherit and own property promotes the economic and emotional security of widows and their children in urban areas, and discusses the challenges posed by legal pluralism in working on poverty alleviation and social protection in the city.

Farmers’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the Cocoa Disease and Pest Control Programme (CODAPEC) in Ghana and its effects on poverty reduction

The study examined the contribution of the Cocoa Disease and Pest Control Programme (CODAPEC), which is a cocoa production-enhancing government policy, to reducing poverty and raising the living standards of cocoa farmers in Ghana. One hundred and fifty (150) cocoa farmers were randomly selected from five communities in the Bibiani-Anhwiaso-Bekwai district of the Western Region of Ghana and interviewed using structured questionnaires. Just over half of the farmers (53%) perceived the CODAPEC programme as being effective in controlling pests and diseases, whilst 56.6% felt that their yields and hence livelihoods had improved. In some cases pesticides or fungicides were applied later in the season than recommended and this had a detrimental effect on yields. To determine the level of poverty amongst farmers, annual household consumption expenditure was used as a proxy indicator. The study found that 4.7% of cocoa farmers were extremely poor having a total annual household consumption expenditure of less than GH¢ 623.10 ($310.00) while 8.0% were poor with less than GH¢ 801.62 ($398.81). An amount of money ranging from GH¢ 20.00 ($9.95) to GH¢ 89.04 ($44.29) per annum was needed to lift the 4.7% of cocoa farmers out of extreme poverty, which could be achieved through modest increases in productivity. The study highlighted how agricultural intervention programmes, such as CODAPEC, have the potential to contribute to improved farmer livelihoods.

Poverty as an Abuse of Human Rights in Ghana. : A grass roots perspective on poverty and human rights.

The study aimed at getting a grass root opinion on poverty and why Ghana is still poor after 50 years of independence in spite of her richness in natural resources, second largest producer of cocoa in the word and appreciable stable political environment. The opinions of the ordinary people in the Bia district and their observed living conditions was analysed in line with theoretical basis of the study and previous studies to justify the stance that poverty should be considered as an abuse of human rights. It was concluded based on position of informants and previous data available that though many factors have been raised by previous scholars as the cause of poverty, the actions and inactions of both internal and external power-holders is the main source of poverty in Ghana. It was proposed that for poverty to be reduced in a sustainable way there should be strong civil society groups and active citizens through civic education to hold power-holders accountable. Until the actions and inactions of power-holders which have subjected many Ghanaians into intergenerational poverty are seen as human rights abuse, the rights of many Ghanaians would be constantly abused. This will eventually defeat the promotion of human rights culture in Ghana.

Education and Earnings for Poverty Reduction : Short-Term Evidence of Pro-Poor Growth from the Mexican Oportunidades Program

Education, as an indispensable component of human capital, has been acknowledged to play a critical role in economic growth, which is theoretically elaborated by human capital theory and empirically confirmed by evidence from different parts of the world. The educational impact on growth is especially valuable and meaningful when it is for the sake of poverty reduction and pro-poorness of growth. The paper re-explores the precious link between human capital development and poverty reduction by investigating the causal effect of education accumulation on earnings enhancement for anti-poverty and pro-poor growth. The analysis takes the evidence from a well-known conditional cash transfer (CCT) program — Oportunidades in Mexico. Aiming at alleviating poverty and promoting a better future by investing in human capital for children and youth in poverty, this CCT program has been recognized producing significant outcomes. The study investigates a short-term impact of education on earnings of the economically disadvantaged youth, taking the data of both the program’s treated and untreated youth from urban areas in Mexico from 2002 to 2004. Two econometric techniques, i.e. difference-in-differences and difference-in-differences propensity score matching approach are applied for estimation. The empirical analysis first identifies that youth who under the program’s schooling intervention possess an advantage in educational attainment over their non-intervention peers; with this identification of education discrepancy as a prerequisite, further results then present that earnings of the education advantaged youth increase at a higher rate about 20 percent than earnings of their education disadvantaged peers over the two years. This result indicates a confirmation that education accumulation for the economically disadvantaged young has a positive impact on their earnings enhancement and thus inferring a contribution to poverty reduction and pro-poorness of growth.

Voices of the Poor: Poverty and Growth in Albania

This paper uses three waves of panel surveys at the household level to study growth and poverty in Albania over the period 2002-2004. It attempts to answer two main questions. The first question is directed at finding the micro determinants of growth and aims to expose the obstacles households face to improve their economic situation. The main focus of the analysis is to investigate the importance of health, education, and infrastructure indicators for income growth. The second question asks whether growth in Albania during the period 2002-2004 has been pro-poor. I find that there is some evidence for a convergence of incomes and a pro-poor growth, which has led to a substantial decrease in the number of people living under the poverty line. I also find that infrastructure has not been an important determinant for income mobility, and neither has health. Only the higher education of poor urban households seems to have affected prospects for growing out of poverty, and unexpectedly, the relationship is negative.

Non-Participatory Poverty

In a capitalistic market society, all individuals should have an equal opportunity to participate, with varying extents, in consumerism. Democracy entitles one to political participation but people have come to value consumer participation as having more importance as shopping and the exchange of goods and services have become an important part of everyday living. Yet not everyone can participate in consumerism and they end up suffering, especially the children living in poverty. These children internalize the message that since they cannot participate in a society based on material consumption, they cannot belong. Poverty not only causes individuals to experience their lives differently, but also affects the development of one’s physical, cognitive, social, and emotional identity. Many of the consequences of poverty have been scrutinized and studied to try to explain the experiences of such children. What has not been closely examined however is the relationship between the inability to participate in a consumer society and the bodily being, thoughts, actions, and feelings of impoverished children. I will discuss how these effects of poverty result in the inability of children to participate in society.

As estratégias de administração das políticas públicas de educação na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 1922 e 1935

O artigo busca explanar as estratégias de administração da educação pública desenvolvidas na cidade do Rio de Janeiro entre 1922 e 1935. Examinando as políticas públicas de educação, durante as administrações de Antônio Carneiro Leão (1922-1926), Fernando de Azevedo (1927-1930) e Anísio Teixeira (1931-1935), apresenta as mudanças ocorridas na organização da Diretoria Geral de Instrução Pública. Na complexa rede de instituições e saberes, visando reformar a estrutura administrativa da educação, a ampliação das agências de Estado e a especialização dos serviços de educação constituem um importante recurso político.

Um estudo sobre o uso do zinco e as estratégias de marketing no segmento galvanizador geral brasileiro

O objetivo deste trabalho é o de analisar a existência de estratégias de marketing das empresas de grande, médio e pequeno porte, prestadoras de serviços de galvanização geral no Brasil, para mostrar e divulgar os benefícios do material revestido com zinco em relação a outros revestimentos e, consequentemente, o aumento do uso e consumo do zinco metálico neste principal segmento de mercado, e, através de uma abordagem ampla sobre os principais conceitos e questões sobre o marketing, como marketing industrial, estratégias de marketing, segmentação de mercado e mercado-alvo, diferenciação de produtos e de serviços, canais de distribuição e rede de valor, partiu para a realização de uma pesquisa, com um roteiro de entrevista estruturado, no qual foram coletados dados de sete sujeitos amostrados de forma não-probabilística proposital, localizados no estado de São Paulo, representando 10% do total de empresas do mercado brasileiro de galvanização geral. Após avaliação dos resultados obtidos na pesquisa, pode-se constatar que a maioria do segmento galvanizador geral brasileiro não tem nenhuma estratégia de marketing voltada para a divulgação e promoção do uso de revestimento de zinco em relação a outros revestimentos. Ficando claro que somente algumas empresas de grande porte identificam a necessidade de formular e criar estratégias voltadas para o produto e/ou serviços, porém, que se desenvolvem muito timidamente. Outros aspectos, como fator de decisão para galvanizar, diferenciais avaliados pelo cliente, desenvolvimento de novos mercados, parcerias com fornecedores, atendimento das necessidades e relação com o mercado, também foram apurados neste trabalho.

Estratégias socioambientais: formas de monitoramento e divulgação de resultados

Dada a incorporação de práticas de responsabilidade socioambiental às estratégias organizacionais, este estudo objetivou analisar formas de gestão do desempenho dessas estratégias em empresas brasileiras por meio da análise de relatórios de sustentabilidade, divulgados aos stakeholders. Foram analisados os relatórios de quatro empresas vencedoras do Prêmio Nacional de Qualidade – PNQ, haja vista ser o quesito Responsabilidade Social uma das prerrogativas para a candidatura ao prêmio. Os resultados apontam para certa similaridade na forma de apresentação, mas também apontam para a falta de estabelecimento de metas quando observados os indicadores apresentados, sobretudo os ambientais.

Tempo e estratégias de busca na Web

O tempo e a temporalidade tornaram-se questões fundamentais na contemporaneidade com o advento e desenvolvimento das redes digitais de comunicação em toda sua abrangência e complexidade. A análise do conceito de tempo cronológico, contraposto ao tempo vivido, esclarece os pressupostos temporais acerca de nossa pesquisa sobre estratégias de busca na Web. A Web tem sido utilizada amplamente por seus usuários para a busca e seleção de informações, resultando em um de seus principais empregos como suporte para atividades acadêmicas e profi ssionais. Este trabalho apresenta, um estudo sobre as estratégias de busca de informações na Web, visando analisar e comparar os resultados de uma pesquisa exploratória com estudo similar realizado na Universidade de Telaviv. Apresentam- se nove formas possíveis de buscas e como elas foram utilizadas nos estudos comparados. Elias Estevão Goulart,Regina Rossetti e Annibal Hetem Junior* Tempo e estratégias de busca na Web Palavras-chave: Tempo e comunicação Estratégias de busca Web e comunicação Como resultado, são apresentadas as mais efetivas e sugere-se melhor treinamento dos usuários para o conhecimento das técnicas apresentadas.

Estratégias de retenção em IES: um estudo exploratório em instituições privadas da região metropolitana de São Paulo

Dissertação Mestrado apresentada como exigência parcial para obtenção do título de Mestre em Administração ao Programa de Mestrado em Administração da Universidade Municipal de São Caetano do Sul.

Estratégias de educação sustentável e gestão de pessoas: novos rumos?

Neste artigo buscou-se compreender se as Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES), nos cursos de Administração que priorizam a educação sustentável de modo compatível aos Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME), tornaram seus alunos candidatos potenciais nos processos de recrutamento e seleção em empresas brasileiras. A base teórica alicerçou-se em Boyatzis e Dutra. A metodologia é de caráter exploratório - descritiva com abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria das empresas, apesar de considerarem fundamental o conhecimento dos candidatos sobre educação sustentável, ainda não utiliza esse critério nos processos de recrutamento, seleção e desenvolvimento de carreira, em virtude do desconhecimento em relação ao esforço que as IES vêm realizando juntamente à rede PRME.