Études sur la vie de Bossuet : jusqu'à son entrée en fonctions en qualité de précepteur du dauphin (1627-1670). T.1 / par A. Floquet,...

Comprend : Sur le style et la lecture des écrivains et des pères de l'église pour former un orateur

A new light on Minkowski's? $(x)$ function

The well--known Minkowski's? $(x)$ function is presented as the asymptotic distribution function of an enumeration of the rationals in (0,1] based on their continued fraction representation. Besides, the singularity of ?$(x)$ is clearly proved in two ways: by exhibiting a set of measure one in which ?ï$(x)$ = 0; and again by actually finding a set of measure one which is mapped onto a set of measure zero and viceversa. These sets are described by means of metrical properties of different systems for real number representation.

Signaling cross-talk between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor/retinoid X receptor and estrogen receptor through estrogen response elements.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are nuclear hormone receptors that are activated by fatty acids and 9-cis-retinoic acid, respectively. PPARs and RXRs form heterodimers that activate transcription by binding to PPAR response elements (PPREs) in the promoter of target genes. The PPREs described thus far consist of a direct tandem repeat of the AGGTCA core element with one intervening nucleotide. We show here that the vitellogenin A2 estrogen response element (ERE) can also function as a PPRE and is bound by a PPAR/RXR heterodimer. Although this heterodimer can bind to several other ERE-related palindromic response elements containing AGGTCA half-sites, only the ERE is able to confer transactivation of test reporter plasmids, when the ERE is placed either close to or at a distance from the transcription initiation site. Examination of natural ERE-containing promoters, including the pS2, very-low-density apolipoprotein II and vitellogenin A2 genes, revealed considerable differences in the binding of PPAR/RXR heterodimers to these EREs. In their natural promoter context, these EREs did not allow transcriptional activation by PPARs/RXRs. Analysis of this lack of stimulation of the vitellogenin A2 promoter demonstrated that PPARs/RXRs bind to the ERE but cannot transactivate due to a nonpermissive promoter structure. As a consequence, PPARs/RXRs inhibit transactivation by the estrogen receptor through competition for ERE binding. This is the first example of signaling cross-talk between PPAR/RXR and estrogen receptor.

Proclamation du roi (Charles X. 13 juin 1830)

[Acte royal. 1830-06-13]

Edifícios Inteligentes e a Domótica Proposta de um Projecto de Automação Residencial utilizando o protocolo X-10

Neste trabalho faz-se um estudo sobre o conceito edifício inteligente, onde se incluem as tecnologias que permitem a gestão de todos os recursos habitacionais (domótica). Para melhor compreender o assunto, inicialmente define-se o conceito edifício inteligente de acordo com várias instituições e personalidades, seguido de uma breve revisão histórica e o levantamento dos casos existentes a nível internacional. Faz-se uma análise sobre as funções da domótica, e descrevem-se os principais protocolos utilizados em automação residencial, destacando aspectos gerais sobre os mesmos, como praticidade, vantagens e desvantagens. Neste contexto, é proposto um projecto de automação residencial utilizando o protocolo X-10, no qual são abordadas algumas técnicas, que permitem fazer a gestão inteligente da energia, e o controlo de segurança. Este conceito tem sido muito aplicado internacionalmente, apresentando como uma boa solução para a sustentabilidade dos edifícios.

Extensive gene traffic on the mammalian X chromosome.

Mammalian sex chromosomes have undergone profound changes since evolving from ancestral autosomes. By examining retroposed genes in the human and mouse genomes, we demonstrate that, during evolution, the mammalian X chromosome has generated and recruited a disproportionately high number of functional retroposed genes, whereas the autosomes experienced lower gene turnover. Most autosomal copies originating from X-linked genes exhibited testis-biased expression. Such export is incompatible with mutational bias and is likely driven by natural selection to attain male germline function. However, the excess recruitment is consistent with a combination of both natural selection and mutational bias.