The Global Campus - ICT and the Future of Universities

This paper analyses the changes which the ICT causes on a global scale. The globalization of higher education triggered by e-Learning, the emergence of e-infrastructure for e-science, the Open Educational Resources movement, e-libraries and the tendency of building global educational alliances are analysed as well. Special emphasis is put on several wellknown university models, e.g. Research University, Open University and Entrepreneurial University, as well as on some emerging university models for the Knowledge Society, such as: Global University and Innovation University. The paper puts in focus the influence of the ICTs and the new organizational and business models they bring, such as Virtual University, eCampus, Enterprise 2.0, University 2.0. A new university model is defined—the Global Campus Model. Some arguments that the ultimate result of the ICTs driven transformations could turn the whole world into a Global Campus in the next few decades.

Crowdsourcing innovation: a strategy to leverage enterprise innovation

Innovation is recognized by academics and practitioners as an essential competitive enabler for any company to survive, to remain competitive and to grow. Investments in tasks of R&D have not always brought the expected results. But that doesn't mean that the outcomes would not be useful to other companies of the same business area or even from another area. Thus, there is much knowledge already available in the market that can be helpful to some and profitable to others. So, the ideas and expertise can be found outside a company's boundaries and also exported from within. Information, knowledge, experience, wisdom is already available in the millions of the human beings of this planet, the challenge is to use them through a network to produce new ideas and tips that can be useful to a company with less costs. This was the reason for the emergence of the area of crowdsourcing innovation. Crowdsourcing innovation is a way of using the Web 2.0 tools to generate new ideas through the heterogeneous knowledge available in the global network of individuals highly qualified and with easy access to information and technology. So, a crowdsourcing innovation broker is an organization that mediates the communication and relationship between the seekers - companies that aspire to solve some problem or to take advantage of any business opportunity - with a crowd that is prone to give ideas based on their knowledge, experience and wisdom. This paper makes a literature review on models of open innovation, crowdsourcing innovation, and technology and knowledge intermediaries, and discusses this new phenomenon as a way to leverage the innovation capacity of enterprises. Finally, the paper outlines a research design agendafor explaining crowdsourcing innovation brokering phenomenon, exploiting its players, main functions, value creation process, and knowledge creation in order to define a knowledge metamodel of such intermediaries.

Estado atual da determinação do carbono no solo I: em solos contendo de 0,2 a 4,0% de carbono

O presente trabalho relata os dados obtidos na determinação do carbono por dois métodos diferentes em dez amostras de solo, cujo teor em C variava de 0,2-0,3% a 3,4-4,2%. Um dos métodos foi o baseado na combustão por via seca, a 550-600°C, associado à volumetria de gases. O outro método fundamentou-se na oxidação do carbono, com solução de dicromato a quente (banho-maria), titulando-se o excesso de oxidante por iodometria. Foram executadas cinco determinações em cada amostra de terra, pelos dois métodos estudados. Os dados obtidos evidenciaram que a precisão dos dois métodos foi similar. Entretanto, o método por via úmida forneceu sempre uma porcentagem de carbono inferior à obtida pelo método baseado na combustão por via seca. Assim, nas dez amostras estudadas, o método por via úmida forneceu de 68,8 a 93,4% do carbono determinado por combustão, por via seca. Finalmente, deve ser salientado que o método de combustão por via seca, associado com volumetria de gases, é muito mais rápido do que o por via úmida e determina todas as formas de carbono orgânico do solo.

Homology modeling and metabolism prediction of human carboxylesterase-2 using docking analyses by GriDock: a parallelized tool based on AutoDock 4.0.

Metabolic problems lead to numerous failures during clinical trials, and much effort is now devoted to developing in silico models predicting metabolic stability and metabolites. Such models are well known for cytochromes P450 and some transferases, whereas less has been done to predict the activity of human hydrolases. The present study was undertaken to develop a computational approach able to predict the hydrolysis of novel esters by human carboxylesterase hCES2. The study involved first a homology modeling of the hCES2 protein based on the model of hCES1 since the two proteins share a high degree of homology (congruent with 73%). A set of 40 known substrates of hCES2 was taken from the literature; the ligands were docked in both their neutral and ionized forms using GriDock, a parallel tool based on the AutoDock4.0 engine which can perform efficient and easy virtual screening analyses of large molecular databases exploiting multi-core architectures. Useful statistical models (e.g., r (2) = 0.91 for substrates in their unprotonated state) were calculated by correlating experimental pK(m) values with distance between the carbon atom of the substrate's ester group and the hydroxy function of Ser228. Additional parameters in the equations accounted for hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions between substrates and contributing residues. The negatively charged residues in the hCES2 cavity explained the preference of the enzyme for neutral substrates and, more generally, suggested that ligands which interact too strongly by ionic bonds (e.g., ACE inhibitors) cannot be good CES2 substrates because they are trapped in the cavity in unproductive modes and behave as inhibitors. The effects of protonation on substrate recognition and the contrasting behavior of substrates and products were finally investigated by MD simulations of some CES2 complexes.

Web 2 (y 3).0 desde una óptica empresarial.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Structural, magnetic, and electronic properties of VxCr2−xS3(0

A new family of vanadium-substituted chromium sulfides (VxCr2-xS3, 0 < x < 2) has been prepared and characterized by powder X-ray and neutron diffraction, SQUID magnetometry, electrical resistivity, and Seebeck coefficient measurements. Vanadium substitution leads to a single-phase region with a rhombohedral Cr2S3 structure over the composition range 0.0 < x e 0.75, while at higher vanadium contents (1.6 e x < 2.0) a second single-phase region, in which materials adopt a cation-deficient Cr3S4 structure, is observed. Materials with the Cr2S3 structure all exhibit semiconducting behavior. However, both transport and magnetic properties indicate an increasing degree of electron delocalization with increasing vanadium content in this compositional region. Materials that adopt a Cr3S4-type structure exhibit metallic behavior. Magnetic susceptibility data reveal that all materials undergo a magnetic ordering transition at temperatures in the range 90–118 K. Low-temperature magnetization data suggest that this involves a transition to a ferrimagnetic state.

Solvent-Dependent Formation of Os(0) Complexes by Electrochemical Reduction of [Os(CO)(2,2′-bipyridine)(L)Cl2]; L = Cl−,PrCN

Cyclic voltammetry and ultraviolet−visible/infrared (UV−vis/IR) spectroelectrochemistry were used to study the cathodic electrochemical behavior of the osmium complexes mer-[OsIII(CO) (bpy)Cl3] (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and trans(Cl)-[OsII(CO) (PrCN)(bpy)Cl2] at variable temperature in different solvents (tetrahydrofuran (THF), butyronitrile (PrCN), acetonitrile (MeCN)) and electrolytes (Bu4NPF6, Bu4NCl). The precursors can be reduced to mer-[OsII(CO) (bpy•−)Cl3]2− and trans(Cl)-[OsII(CO)(PrCN) (bpy•−)Cl2]−, respectively, which react rapidly at room temperature, losing the chloride ligands and forming Os(0) species. mer-[OsIII(CO) (bpy)Cl3] is reduced in THF to give ultimately an Os−Os-bonded polymer, probably [Os0(CO) (THF)-(bpy)]n, whereas in PrCN the well-soluble, probably mononuclear [Os0(CO) (PrCN)(bpy)], species is formed. The same products were observed for the 2 electron reduction of trans(Cl)-[OsII(CO)(PrCN) (bpy)Cl2] in both solvents. In MeCN, similar to THF, the[Os0(CO) (MeCN)(bpy)]n polymer is produced. It is noteworthy that the bpy ligand in mononuclear [Os0(CO) (PrCN)(bpy)] is reduced to the corresponding radical anion at a significantly less negative potential than it is in polymeric [Os0(CO) (THF)(bpy)]n: ΔE1/2 = 0.67 V. Major differences also exist in the IR spectra of the Os(0) species: the polymer shows a broad ν(CO) band at much smaller wavenumbers compared to the soluble Os(0) monomer that exhibits a characteristic ν(Pr-CN) band below 2200 cm−1 in addition to the intense and narrow ν(CO) absorption band. For the first time, in this work the M0-bpy(M = Ru, Os) mono- and dicarbonyl species soluble in PrCN have been formulated as a mononuclear complex. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent-DFT calculations confirm the Os(0) oxidation state and suggest that [Os0(CO)(PrCN)(bpy)] is a square planar moiety. The reversible bpy-based reduction of [Os0(CO) (PrCN)(bpy)] triggers catalytic reduction of CO2 to CO and HCOO−.

Trichloro-bridged diruthenium (III,III) complexes: X-ray isomorphous structures of [Ph3X=O center dot center dot center dot H center dot center dot center dot O=XPh3][Ru2Cl7(XPh3)(2)]center dot 0.5(CH2Cl2)(H2O)(X = As or P)

The triply chloro-bridged binuclear complexes [Ph3X=O...H...O=XPh3][Ru2Cl7(XPh3)(2)].0.5(CH2Cl2) (H2O) (X = As or P) were obtained from [RuCl3(XPh3)(2)DMA].DMA (DMA = dimethylacetamide) CH2Cl2/Et2O solution. The structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction studies. The complexes are formed from two Ru atoms bridged by three chloride anions. The two ruthenium atoms are also coordinated to two non-bridging Cl atoms and an AsPh3 or PPh3 ligand respectively. As an interesting feature, the cations of these complexes are protons, trapped in a very short hydrogen bond between two triphenylarsine or triphenylphosphine oxide molecules.

Effect of Ta2O5 doping on the electrical properties of 0.99SnO(2)center dot 0.01CoO ceramic

The effect of Ta2O5 doping in 0.99SnO(2). 0.01CoO on the microstructure and electrical properties of this ceramic were analyzed in this study. The grain size was found to decrease from 6.87 mu m to 5.68 mu m when the Ta2O5 concentration increased from 0.050 to 0.075 mol%. DC electrical characterization showed a dramatic increase in the current loss and decrease in the non-linear coefficient with the increase of the Ta2O5 concentration. The conduction mechanism is by thermionic emission and the potential barriers are of Schottky type, separated by a thin film. (C) 2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Formfaktor-Bestimmung des semileptonischen K +- pi 0 my +- ny-Zerfalls mit dem NA48/2-Experiment

Der semileptonische Zerfall K^±→π^0 μ^± υ ist ein geeigneter Kanal zur Be-stimmung des CKM-Matrixelementes 〖|V〗_us |. Das hadronische Matrixelement dieses Zerfalls wird durch zwei dimensionslose Formfaktoren f_± (t) beschrieben. Diese sind abhängig vom Impulsübertrag t=〖(p_K-p_π)〗^2 auf das Leptonpaar. Zur Bestimmung von 〖|V〗_us | dienen die Formfaktoren als wichtige Parameter zur Berechnung des Phasenraumintegrals dieses Zerfalls. Eine präzise Messung der Formfaktoren ist zusätzlich dadurch motiviert, dass das Resultat des NA48-Experimentes von den übrigen Messungen der Experimente KLOE, KTeV und ISTRA+ abweicht. Die Daten einer Messperiode des NA48/2 -Experimentes mit offenem Trigger aus dem Jahre 2004 wurden analysiert. Daraus wählte ich 1.8 Millionen K_μ3^±-Zerfallskandidaten mit einem Untergrundanteil von weniger als 0.1% aus. Zur Bestimmung der Formfaktoren diente die zweidimensionale Dalitz-Verteilung der Daten, nachdem sie auf Akzeptanz des Detektors und auf radiative Effekte korrigiert war. An diese Verteilung wurde die theoretische Parameter-abhängige Funktion mit einer Chiquadrat-Methode angepasst. Es ergeben sich für quadratische, Pol- und dispersive Parametrisierung folgende Formfaktoren: λ_0=(14.82±〖1.67〗_stat±〖0.62〗_sys )×〖10〗^(-3) λ_+^'=(25.53±〖3.51〗_stat±〖1.90〗_sys )×〖10〗^(-3) λ_+^''=( 1.40±〖1.30〗_stat±〖0.48〗_sys )×〖10〗^(-3) m_S=1204.8±〖32.0〗_stat±〖11.4〗_(sys ) MeV/c^2 m_V=(877.4±〖11.1〗_stat±〖11.2〗_(sys ) MeV/c^2 LnC=0.1871±〖0.0088〗_stat±〖0.0031〗_(sys )±=〖0.0056〗_ext Λ_+=(25.42±〖0.73〗_stat±〖0.73〗_(sys )±=〖1.52〗_ext )×〖10〗^(-3) Die Resultate stimmen mit den Messungen der Experimente KLOE, KTeV und ISTRA+ gut überein, und ermöglichen eine Verbesserung des globalen Fits der Formfaktoren. Mit Hilfe der dispersiven Parametrisierung der Formfaktoren, unter Verwendung des Callan-Treiman-Theorems, ist es möglich, einen Wert für f_± (0) zu bestimmen. Das Resultat lautet: f_+ (0)=0.987±〖0.011〗_(NA48/2)±〖0.008〗_(ext ) Der für f_+ (0) berechnete Wert stimmt im Fehler gut mit den vorherigen Messungen von KTeV, KLOE und ISTRA+ überein, weicht jedoch um knapp zwei Standardabweichungen von der theoretischen Vorhersage ab.

Shelf-life of a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution as determined by arrhenius equation

Accelerated stability tests are indicated to assess, within a short time, the degree of chemical degradation that may affect an active substance, either alone or in a formula, under normal storage conditions. This method is based on increased stress conditions to accelerate the rate of chemical degradation. Based on the equation of the straight line obtained as a function of the reaction order (at 50 and 70 ºC) and using Arrhenius equation, the speed of the reaction was calculated for the temperature of 20 ºC (normal storage conditions). This model of accelerated stability test makes it possible to predict the chemical stability of any active substance at any given moment, as long as the method to quantify the chemical substance is available. As an example of the applicability of Arrhenius equation in accelerated stability tests, a 2.5% sodium hypochlorite solution was analyzed due to its chemical instability. Iodometric titration was used to quantify free residual chlorine in the solutions. Based on data obtained keeping this solution at 50 and 70 ºC, using Arrhenius equation and considering 2.0% of free residual chlorine as the minimum acceptable threshold, the shelf-life was equal to 166 days at 20 ºC. This model, however, makes it possible to calculate shelf-life at any other given temperature.

COL18A1 is highly expressed during human adipocyte differentiation and the SNP c.1136C > T in its "frizzled" motif is associated with obesity in diabetes type 2 patients

Collagen XVIII can generate two fragments, NC11-728 containing a frizzled motif which possibly acts in Wnt signaling and Endostatin, which is cleaved from the NC1 and is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis. Collagen XVIII and Wnt signaling have recently been associated with adipogenic differentiation and obesity in some animal models, but not in humans. In the present report, we have shown that COL18A1 expression increases during human adipogenic differentiation. We also tested if polymorphisms in the Frizzled (c.1136C>T; Thr379Met) and Endostatin (c.4349G>A; Asp1437Asn) regions contribute towards susceptibility to obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes (113 obese, BMI =30; 232 non-obese, BMI < 30) of European ancestry. No evidence of association was observed between the allele c.4349G>A and obesity, but we observed a significantly higher frequency of homozygotes c.1136TT in obese (19.5%) than in non-obese individuals (10.9%) [P = 0.02; OR = 2.0 (95%CI: 1.07-3.73)], suggesting that the allele c.1136T is associated to obesity in a recessive model. This genotype, after controlling for cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, was independently associated with obesity (P = 0.048), and increases the chance of obesity in 2.8 times. Therefore, our data suggest the involvement of collagen XVIII in human adipogenesis and susceptibility to obesity.