Does Müller cell differentiation occur prior to the emergence of synapses in embryonic turtle retina?

Müller cells are the main glial cells in the retina, and are related to plexiform layer activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that Müller cells are involved in the synaptic conservation, plasticity, development and metabolism of glutamate. During turtle retinal development, layers, cells and synapses appear at different times. The aim of this research is to study the emergence of Müller cells during embryonic development and their relationship with the synaptogenesis. The authors used retinas from Trachemys scripta elegans embryos at stages S14, 18, 20, 23, and 26. Some retinas were processed with immunocytochemistry in order to detect the presence of glutamine synthetase in Müller cells, which was used as a marker of these cells. Other retinas from the same stages were processed for ultrastructural studies. Samples were observed in confocal and transmission electron microscopes, respectively. The present results show that glutamine synthetase expression in Müller cells occurs at S18, before the emergence of the retinal layers and the early synapses.

Electroretinographical and histological study of mouse retina after optic nerve section: a comparison between wild-type and retinal degeneration 1 mice

Background: Retinal ganglion cell death underlies the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders such as glaucoma or optic nerve trauma. To assess the potential influence of photoreceptor degeneration on retinal ganglion cell survival, and to evaluate functionality, we took advantage of the optic nerve section mouse model. Methods: Surviving retinal ganglion cells were double-stained by exposing both superior colliculi to fluorogold, and by applying dextran-tetramethylrhodamine to the injured optic nerve stump. To assess retinal function in wild-type animals, electroretinograms were recorded on the injured eyes and compared with the contralateral. Similar labelling experiments were carried out on retinal degeneration 1 mice. Surviving retinal ganglion cells were counted 21 days after axotomy and compared with wild-type mice. No functional experiments were performed on retinal degeneration 1 animals because they do not develop normal electroretinographical responses. Results: A significant decrease in retinal ganglion cell density was observed 6 days after axotomy in the wild type. Functional studies revealed that, in scotopic conditions, axotomy induced a significant amplitude decrease in the positive scotopic threshold response component of the electroretinogram. Such decrease paralleled cell loss, suggesting it may be an appropriate technique to evaluate functionality. When comparing retinal ganglion cell densities in wild-type and retinal degeneration 1 mice, a significant greater survival was observed on the latter. Conclusions: After optic nerve section, electroretinographical recordings exhibited a progressive decrease in the amplitude of the positive scotopic threshold response wave, reflecting ganglion cell loss. Interestingly, rod degeneration seemed, at least initially, to protect from axotomy-driven damage.

Physiological and Morphological Similarities between the Octodon Degus Retina and the Human Retina

Octodon degus is a rodent with diurnal crepuscular activity. Here we compare the function and morphology of the retina of this diurnal rodent with the retinas of nocturnal rodents and humans.

La complejidad de las distrofias hereditarias de la retina: un obstáculo y un reto

ACTO conjunto de FARPE-FUNDALUCE con la SEBBM en el marco de su XXXVII Congreso. Conferencia: La complejidad de las distrofias hereditarias de la retina: Un obstáculo y un reto (José Martín Nieto).

Expression and cellular localization of the voltage-gated calcium channel α2δ3 in the rodent retina

High-voltage-activated calcium channels are hetero-oligomeric protein complexes that mediate multiple cellular processes, including the influx of extracellular Ca2+, neurotransmitter release, gene transcription, and synaptic plasticity. These channels consist of a primary α1 pore-forming subunit, which is associated with an extracellular α2δ subunit and an intracellular β auxiliary subunit, which alter the gating properties and trafficking of the calcium channel. The cellular localization of the α2δ3 subunit in the mouse and rat retina is unknown. In this study using RT-PCR, a single band at ∼305 bp corresponding to the predicted size of the α2δ3 subunit fragment was found in mouse and rat retina and brain homogenates. Western blotting of rodent retina and brain homogenates showed a single 123-kDa band. Immunohistochemistry with an affinity-purified antibody to the α2δ3 subunit revealed immunoreactive cell bodies in the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer and immunoreactive processes in the inner plexiform layer and the outer plexiform layer. α2δ3 immunoreactivity was localized to multiple cell types, including ganglion, amacrine, and bipolar cells and photoreceptors, but not horizontal cells. The expression of the α2δ3 calcium channel subunit to multiple cell types suggests that this subunit participates widely in Ca-channel-mediated signaling in the retina.

Boas práticas em doenças raras : da conceção à implementação de registos de doentes

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Relação entre sistema nervoso autónomo e doenças inflamatórias intestinais : mecanismos fisiopatológicos, evidências clínicas e perspetivas futuras

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Prevenção de proliferação vítreo-retiniana após cirurgia a descolamento de retina regmatogéneo primário

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Avaliação da qualidade de vida nas doenças endócrinas

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Manifestações otirinolaringológicas de doenças granulomatosas : granulomatose de Wegner e sarcoídose do Cavum

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Buraco macular : revisão a propósito de um caso clínico

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Normas de orientação clínica portuguesas : abordagem terapêutica de doenças e factores de risco cardiovasculares : que evidência, que método e que impacto?

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Alterações genéticas com interesse prognóstico nas doenças mieloproliferativas crónicas bcr-abl negativas

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

Alta miopia e descolamento do pólo posterior da retina

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014