Pesquisa na produção animal: garantia de qualidade de vida.

2004

Teores de minerais no complexo solo-planta-animal de áreas de terras firmes do Amazonas.

A suposição de que prováveis deficiências de elementos minerais nas pastagens de terra firme do Estado do Amazonas estivessem relacionadas com o denominado "mal de secar", doença que ocorre em bovinos, oportunizou a realização do presente trabalho.

Parte aérea da mandioca na alimentação animal. II. O farelo da parte aérea na silagem do capim-elefante.

A inviabilidade economica da ensilagem de milho na regiao dos cerrados, devido aos custos muito elevados de insumos necessarios para a sua producao, leva os pecuaristas a ensilar outras forragens. Durante as forragens mais empregadas para ensilagem na regiao, destaca-se o capim-elefante (Pennisetum pupureum Shum) por ser uma graminea de porte grande, de boa producao de massa verde por hectare e bem difundida no meio rural.

Parte aérea da mandioca na alimentação animal. II. O farelo da parte aérea na silagem do capim-elefante.

1984

Arborização de pastagens: tecnologia para assegurar o bem-estar animal e a sustentabilidade das pastagens.

2008

Nutrição Artificial nos Serviços Farmacêuticos Hospitalares

Projeto de Pós-Graduação/Dissertação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Animal models of soft-tissue sarcoma.

Soft-tissue sarcomas (STSs) are rare mesenchymal tumors that arise from muscle, fat and connective tissue. Currently, over 75 subtypes of STS are recognized. The rarity and heterogeneity of patient samples complicate clinical investigations into sarcoma biology. Model organisms might provide traction to our understanding and treatment of the disease. Over the past 10 years, many successful animal models of STS have been developed, primarily genetically engineered mice and zebrafish. These models are useful for studying the relevant oncogenes, signaling pathways and other cell changes involved in generating STSs. Recently, these model systems have become preclinical platforms in which to evaluate new drugs and treatment regimens. Thus, animal models are useful surrogates for understanding STS disease susceptibility and pathogenesis as well as for testing potential therapeutic strategies.

Implant healing in experimental animal models of diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide. Additionally, there is an increasing number of patients receiving implantable devices such as glucose sensors and orthopedic implants. Thus, it is likely that the number of diabetic patients receiving these devices will also increase. Even though implantable medical devices are considered biocompatible by the Food and Drug Administration, the adverse tissue healing that occurs adjacent to these foreign objects is a leading cause of their failure. This foreign body response leads to fibrosis, encapsulation of the device, and a reduction or cessation of device performance. A second adverse event is microbial infection of implanted devices, which can lead to persistent local and systemic infections and also exacerbates the fibrotic response. Nearly half of all nosocomial infections are associated with the presence of an indwelling medical device. Events associated with both the foreign body response and implant infection can necessitate device removal and may lead to amputation, which is associated with significant morbidity and cost. Diabetes mellitus is generally indicated as a risk factor for the infection of a variety of implants such as prosthetic joints, pacemakers, implantable cardioverter defibrillators, penile implants, and urinary catheters. Implant infection rates in diabetic patients vary depending upon the implant and the microorganism, however, for example, diabetes was found to be a significant variable associated with a nearly 7.2% infection rate for implantable cardioverter defibrillators by the microorganism Candida albicans. While research has elucidated many of the altered mechanisms of diabetic cutaneous wound healing, the internal healing adjacent to indwelling medical devices in a diabetic model has rarely been studied. Understanding this healing process is crucial to facilitating improved device design. The purpose of this article is to summarize the physiologic factors that influence wound healing and infection in diabetic patients, to review research concerning diabetes and biomedical implants and device infection, and to critically analyze which diabetic animal model might be advantageous for assessing internal healing adjacent to implanted devices.

Long-duration animal tracking in difficult lighting conditions.

High-throughput analysis of animal behavior requires software to analyze videos. Such software typically depends on the experiments' being performed in good lighting conditions, but this ideal is difficult or impossible to achieve for certain classes of experiments. Here, we describe techniques that allow long-duration positional tracking in difficult lighting conditions with strong shadows or recurring "on"/"off" changes in lighting. The latter condition will likely become increasingly common, e.g., for Drosophila due to the advent of red-shifted channel rhodopsins. The techniques enabled tracking with good accuracy in three types of experiments with difficult lighting conditions in our lab. Our technique handling shadows relies on single-animal tracking and on shadows' and flies' being accurately distinguishable by distance to the center of the arena (or a similar geometric rule); the other techniques should be broadly applicable. We implemented the techniques as extensions of the widely-used tracking software Ctrax; however, they are relatively simple, not specific to Drosophila, and could be added to other trackers as well.

The role of GRK6 in animal models of Parkinson's disease and L-DOPA treatment.

G protein-coupled Receptor Kinase 6 (GRK6) belongs to a family of kinases that phosphorylate GPCRs. GRK6 levels were found to be altered in Parkinson's Disease (PD) and D(2) dopamine receptors are supersensitive in mice lacking GRK6 (GRK6-KO mice). To understand how GRK6 modulates the behavioral manifestations of dopamine deficiency and responses to L-DOPA, we used three approaches to model PD in GRK6-KO mice: 1) the cataleptic response to haloperidol; 2) introducing GRK6 mutation to an acute model of absolute dopamine deficiency, DDD mice; 3) hemiparkinsonian 6-OHDA model. Furthermore, dopamine-related striatal signaling was analyzed by assessing the phosphorylation of AKT/GSK3β and ERK1/2. GRK6 deficiency reduced cataleptic behavior, potentiated the acute effect of L-DOPA in DDD mice, reduced rotational behavior in hemi-parkinsonian mice, and reduced abnormal involuntary movements induced by chronic L-DOPA. These data indicate that approaches to regulate GRK6 activity could be useful in modulating both therapeutic and side-effects of L-DOPA.

In vivo small animal micro-CT using nanoparticle contrast agents.

Computed tomography (CT) is one of the most valuable modalities for in vivo imaging because it is fast, high-resolution, cost-effective, and non-invasive. Moreover, CT is heavily used not only in the clinic (for both diagnostics and treatment planning) but also in preclinical research as micro-CT. Although CT is inherently effective for lung and bone imaging, soft tissue imaging requires the use of contrast agents. For small animal micro-CT, nanoparticle contrast agents are used in order to avoid rapid renal clearance. A variety of nanoparticles have been used for micro-CT imaging, but the majority of research has focused on the use of iodine-containing nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles. Both nanoparticle types can act as highly effective blood pool contrast agents or can be targeted using a wide variety of targeting mechanisms. CT imaging can be further enhanced by adding spectral capabilities to separate multiple co-injected nanoparticles in vivo. Spectral CT, using both energy-integrating and energy-resolving detectors, has been used with multiple contrast agents to enable functional and molecular imaging. This review focuses on new developments for in vivo small animal micro-CT using novel nanoparticle probes applied in preclinical research.

High-Resolution CT for Small-Animal Imaging Research

Preclinical imaging has a critical role in phenotyping, in drug discovery, and in providing a basic understanding of mechanisms of disease. Translating imaging methods from humans to small animals is not an easy task. The purpose of this work is to review high-resolution computed tomography (CT) also known as micro-CT for small-animal imaging. We present the principles, the technologies, the image quality parameters, and the types of applications. We show that micro-CT can be used to provide not only morphological but also functional information such as cardiac function or vascular permeability. Another way in which micro-CT can be used in the study of both function and anatomy is by combining it with other imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography or single-photon emission tomography. Compared to other modalities, micro-CT imaging is usually regarded as being able to provide higher throughput at lower cost and higher resolution. The limitations are usually associated with the relatively poor contrast mechanisms and the radiation damage, although the use of novel nanoparticle-based contrast agents and careful design of studies can address these limitations.

Cannibal Animal Games: A new variant of Tic-Tac-Toe

This paper presents a new partial two-player game, called the cannibal animal game, which is a variant of Tic-Tac-Toe. The game is played on the infinite grid, where in each round a player chooses and occupies free cells. The first player Alice can occupy a cell in each turn and wins if she occupies a set of cells, the union of a subset of which is a translated, reflected and/or rotated copy of a previously agreed upon polyomino P (called an animal). The objective of the second player Bob is to prevent Alice from creating her animal by occupying in each round a translated, reflected and/or rotated copy of P. An animal is a cannibal if Bob has a winning strategy, and a non-cannibal otherwise. This paper presents some new tools, such as the bounding strategy and the punching lemma, to classify animals into cannibals or non-cannibals. We also show that the pairing strategy works for this problem.

Infiltración del agua en un suelo de un establecimiento de producción animal intensiva : factibilidad de predicción de la misma empleando el modelo de Green y Ampt y funciones de pedotransferencia

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la eficiencia del modelo de Green-Ampt en la predicción de la infiltración del agua en el suelo haciendo uso de funciones de pedotransferencia (FPT) de Saxton y Rawls (SR), Wösten y Nemes (WN) y las del programa Rosetta (ROS) y analizar el efecto de la carga animal sobre este proceso, por medio de los modelos empíricos de Mezencev (Mez) y el de Swarzendruber (SW), en un establecimiento de producción animal. El estudio se llevó a cabo en un establecimiento sito en la localidad de Marcos Paz, Pcia. de Bs.As. Se eligieron dentro del predio, cuatro grupos de sectores de acuerdo a la intensidad de carga (Ic) : nula (testigo), media, alta y muy alta. El proceso de infiltración se relevó por medio de anillos de Muntz hasta alcanzar la tasa de infiltración básica (TIB). Se tomaron muestras para determinar la densidad aparente (DA), carbono total (CT), humedad gravimétrica (H), conductividad hidráulica saturada (Ks) y se midió la resistencia a la penetración (Rp). Se llevaron a cabo en total 70 ensayos de infiltración y los resultados permitieron concluir que: 1) La carga animal produjo solamente efectos notorios de disminución de la TIB para muy alta Ic. 2) El modelo de SW resultó describir el fenómeno desde el punto de vista físico mejor que el de Mez. 3) La predicción del modelo de GA resultó satisfactoria utilizando las FPT de WN, pero no con las de SR o ROS. 4) Los valores de Ks medidos resultaron entre 5 y 10 veces mayores que los correspondientes de TIB. 5) La TIB dependió sólo de las variables Ic, DA y CT en un modelo de regresión lineal

Factores estructurales y dinámicos que regulan la diversidad de aves en agroecosistemas pampeanos

La intensificación agrícola de la región pampeana puede tener efectos sobre la diversidad de aves que necesitan ser evaluados. Para hacerlo, se necesita conocer qué factores determinan la diversidad de aves y a qué escalas se dan. Las investigaciones recientes han estado orientadas a estudiar los factores estructurales del paisaje como determinantes de la biodiversidad. Los factores dinámicos, en cambio, han recibido menos interés. En este trabajo se evaluaron los factores estructurales y dinámicos del paisaje que determinan la diversidad de aves en la región pampeana. El área de estudio se clasificó en zonas con condiciones ambientales contrastantes de estructura e historia agronómica y en ellas se muestreó la diversidad de aves. Utilizamos modelos de lógica difusa, los cuales permiten utilizar variables lingüísticas para caracterizar la complejidad espacio - temporal del paisaje y trabajarlas con otras cuantitativas y categóricas. La riqueza de aves mostró una correlación positiva con la complejidad y el porcentaje de cobertura de pastura a escala local, aunque menor para esta última. A escala de faceta, la riqueza de aves se correlacionó positivamente con la complejidad del paisaje y negativamente con la intensidad de uso agrícola. La oferta de recursos de nidificación fue el factor que determinó más claramente la distribución de las especies. La influencia de la dinámica del paisaje fue estudiada en el corto plazo a partir de una sequía que tuvo lugar durante el segundo año de muestreo. La sequía afectó la abundancia de las especies, pero en forma diferencial según sus hábitos tróficos. El efecto de la sequía también fue diferente según el uso principal de la tierra a escala local. Los resultados mostraron que en agroecosistemas pampeanos la diversidad de aves está determinada principalmente por elementos antrópicos del paisaje ajenos al bioma original. Por lo tanto, se debería enfocar el manejo del paisaje sobre estos elementos más que sobre el uso del suelo para favorecer la biodiversidad en la región.