Constrained 3D sketching with haptics and active motion annotation

The aim of this work is to enable seamless transformation of product concepts to CAD models. This necessitates availability of 3D product sketches. The present work concerns intuitive generation of 3D strokes and intrinsic support for space sharing and articulation for the components of the product being sketched. Direct creation of 3D strokes in air lacks in precision, stability and control. The inadequacy of proprioceptive feedback for the task is complimented in this work with stereo vision and haptics. Three novel methods based on pencil-paper interaction analogy for haptic rendering of strokes have been investigated. The pen-tilt based rendering is simpler and found to be more effective. For the spatial conformity, two modes of constraints for the stylus movements, corresponding to the motions on a control surface and in a control volume have been studied using novel reactive and field based haptic rendering schemes. The field based haptics, which in effect creates an attractive force field near a surface, though non-realistic, provided highly effective support for the control-surface constraints. The efficacy of the reactive haptic rendering scheme for the constrained environments has been demonstrated using scribble strokes. This can enable distributed collaborative 3D concept development. The notion of motion constraints, defined through sketch strokes enables intuitive generation of articulated 3D sketches and direct exploration of motion annotations found in most product concepts. The work, thus, establishes that modeling of the constraints is a central issue in 3D sketching.

Rheological characterization of semi-solid A356 aluminium alloy

Rheological behavior of semi-solid slurries forms the backbone of semi-solid processing of metallic alloys. In particular, the effects of several process and metallurgical parameters such as shear rate, shear time, temperature, rest time and size, distribution and morphology of the primary phase on the viscosity of the slurry needs in-depth characterization. In the present work, rheological behaviour of the semisolid aluminium alloy (A356) slurry is investigated by using a high temperature Searle type Rheometer using concentric cylinders. Three different types of experiment are carried out: isothermal test, continuous cooling test and steady state test. Continuous decrease in viscosity is observed with increasing shear rate at a fixed temperature (isothermal test). It is also found that the viscosity increases with decreasing temperature for a particular shear rate due to increasing solid fraction (continuous cooling test). Thixotropic nature of the slurry is confirmed from the hysteresis loops obtained during experimentation. Time dependence of slurry viscosity has been evaluated from the steady state tests. After a longer shearing time under isothermal conditions the starting dendritic structure of the said alloy is transformed into globular grains due to abrasion, agglomeration, welding and ripening.

Stable and low resistive zinc contacts for SnS based optoelectronic devices

The contact behavior of tin mono sulfide (SnS) nanocrystalline thin films with zinc (Zn) and silver (Ag) contacts was studied. SnS films have been deposited on glass substrates by thermal evaporation technique at a growth temperature of 300 degrees C. The as-grown SnS films composed of vertically aligned nanocrystallites with a preferential orientation along the < 010 > direction. SnS films exhibited excellent chemical stoichiometry and direct optical band gap of 1.96 eV. These films also exhibited excellent Ohmic characteristics and low electrical resistivity with Zn contacts. The observed electrical resistivity of SnS films with Zn contacts is 22 times lower than that of the resistivity with Ag contacts. The interfacing analysis reveals the formation of conductive Zn-S layer between SnS and Zn as interfacial layer. (C) 2014 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

Thermoelectric properties of Pb0.75-xMnxSn0.25Te alloys with variable manganese content

Lead tin telluride is one of the well-established thermoelectric materials in the temperature range 350-750 K. In the present study, Pb0.75-xMnxSn0.25Te1.00 alloys with variable manganese (Mn) content were prepared by solid state synthesis and the thermoelectric properties were studied. X-ray diffraction, (XRD) showed that the samples followed Vegard's law, indicating solid solution formation and substitution of Mn at the Pb site. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the grain sizes varied from <1 mu m to more than 10 mu m and MnTe rich phase was present for higher Mn content. Seebeck coefficient, electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity were measured from room temperature to 720 K. At 300 K, large Seebeck values were obtained, possibly due to increased effective mass on Mn substitution and low carrier concentration of the samples. At higher temperatures, transition from n-type to p-type indicated the presence of thermally generated carriers. Temperature dependent electrical resistivity showed the transition from degenerate to non-degenerate behavior. For thermal conductivity, low values (similar to 1 W/m-K at 300 K) were obtained. At higher temperatures bipolar conduction was observed, in agreement with the Seebeck and resistivity data. Due to low power factor, the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit (zT) was limited to 0.23 at 329 K for the sample with lowest Mn content (x=0.03). (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cyclic Cationic Peptides Containing Sugar Amino Acids Selectively Distinguishes and Inhibits Maturation of Pre-miRNAs of the Same Family

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) has added a new dimension to the gene regulatory networks, making aberrantly expressed miRNAs as therapeutically important targets. Small molecules that can selectively target and modulate miRNA levels can thus serve as lead structures. Cationic cyclic peptides containing sugar amino acids represent a new class of small molecules that can target miRNA selectively. Upon treatment of these small molecules in breast cancer cell line, we profiled 96 therapeutically important miRNAs associated with cancer and observed that these peptides can selectively target paralogous miRNAs of the same seed family. This selective inhibition is of prime significance in cases when miRNAs of the same family have tissue-specific expression and perform different functions. During these conditions, targeting an entire miRNA family could lead to undesired adverse effects. The selective targeting is attributable to the difference in the three-dimensional structures of precursor miRNAs. Hence, the core structure of these peptides can be used as a scaffold for designing more potent inhibitors of miRNA maturation and hence function.

Dynamic properties and asymmetry of tension and compression of metal matrix composites under impact loading

The mechanical behaviors of 2124, Al-5Cu, Al-Li and 6061 alloys reinforced by silicon carbide particulates, together with 15%SiCw/6061 alloy, were studied under the quasi-static and impact loading conditions, using the split Hopkinson tension/compression bars and Instron universal testing machine. The effect of strain rate on the ultra tensile strength (UTS), the hardening modulus and the failure strain was investigated. At the same time, the SEM observations of dynamic fracture surfaces of various MMC materials showed some distinguished microstructures and patterns. Some new characteristics of asymmetry of mechanical behaviors of MMCs under tension and compression loading were also presented and explained in details, and they could be considered as marks to indicate, to some degree, the mechanism of controlling damage and failure of MMCs under impact loading. The development of new constitutive laws about MMCs under impact loading should benefit from these experimental results and theoretical analysis.

Infrared Magnitude-Redshift Relations for Luminous Radio Galaxies

Infrared magnitude-redshift relations for the 3CR and 6C samples of radio galaxies are presented for a wide range of plausible cosmological models, including those with non-zero cosmological constant OmegaLambda. Variations in the galaxy formation redshift, metallicity and star formation history are also considered. The results of the modelling are displayed in terms of magnitude differences between the models and no-evolution tracks, illustrating the amount of K-band evolution necessary to account for the observational data. Given a number of plausible assumptions, the results of these analyses suggest that: (i) cosmologies which predict T_0xH_0>1 (where T_0 denotes the current age of the universe) can be excluded; (ii) the star formation redshift should lie in the redshift interval 5

Efecto del asocio de dos variedades y dos densidades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), sobre la dinámica de las malezas y el crecimiento y rendimiento del café (Coffea arabica L.) en diferentes épocas de siembra

Durante las épocas de primera y postrera del ciclo agrícola 1994/1995 , se llevó a cabo el presente trabajo con el objetivo de estudiar el efecto de dos variedades de frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) : Brunca y Dor 364 , así como de dos densidades: 30 y 45 semillas por metro cuadrado; sobre la dinámica de las malezas, el crecimiento y rendimiento del café (Coffea arabica L.) variedad Catuaí amarillo. de nueve años de edad, bajo sistema de asocio, el cual se realizó en el Centro Experimental del Café del Pacifico - Jardín Botánico - en Masatepe, Masaya Nicaragua. Al evaluarse las variables altura de planta, diámetro del tallo, longitud de bandolas, número de ramas pares y rendimiento del café. se encontró que no hubo diterencia estadística significativa en el efecto de variedades y densidades de frijol sobre el café. Los tratamientos mostraron abundancia de malezas al inicio. alrededor de 250 individuos por metro cuadrado y al final menores de 100 individuos por metro cuadrado y fue la variedad Brunca y la densidad 45 semillas por metro cuadrado las que menor diversidad permitieron con 10 y 9 especies por metro cuadrado. Sobresaliendo en el asocio las especies Panicum trichoides Swarts. Oplismenus burmannii Berg y Commelina diffusa Burm F. Con respecto a los rendimientos. fueron precisamente la misma variedad y densidad las que mostraron mejores resultados tanto para café con valores de 1 558.60 y 1 331 kg/ha: así como para el frijol con 435 y 329 kg/ha de asocio respectivamente en el periodo de primera. En postrera fue siempre la variedad Brunca la que obtuvo los mayores rendimientos de frijol con 430 kg/ha

Fundamento iusfilosófico de la privacidad y del derecho subjetivo de protección de datos personales

Resumen: Es habitual que en la fundamentación de derecho de la privacidad se acuda al valor de la dignidad humana, pero cuando los autores realizan esa vinculación suelen entender a la dignidad hu - mana como justificada en la mera autonomía del sujeto. Para este punto de vista que denominamos visión moderna, en el ámbito de los derechos fundamentales existe un amplio e indefinido campo de libertad, y esta libertad es o sería el derecho básico en sí mismo, o derecho fundamental por antonomasia. Esto significa la concepción del derecho entendido bajo su faz subjetiva. El derecho como un mero poder cuyo límite está en el poder o la facultad de otro, y el Estado como arbitrador de esos poderes subjetivos en pugna. Sin embargo, los derechos fundamentales entre los que se encuentran el derecho a la intimidad y a la privacidad, el derecho al resguardo del honor y de la imagen, encuentran su justificación en lo justo objetivo y en la dignidad humana. La dignidad como un valor que da sentido se justifica cuando es entendida con una apertura a la trascendencia de la persona, y a un fin objetivo al que dicha trascendencia se encamina.

Estudio de diferentes láminas de riego por goteo y aplicación fraccionada de 150kg.ha-1 de nitrógeno, sobre el cultivo del maíz (Zea mays L.) en su rendimiento de chilote a una densidad de 62,500.00 plantas por hectáreas

En la Universidad Nacional Agraria (U.N.A) Ubicada en el km 12 1⁄2 Carretera Norte, cuyas coordenadas geográficas corresponden 12° 8' 56.52" latitud norte y 86° 9' 36.02" longitud oeste a una altura de 56 m.s.n.m, se estableció un ensayo en la época seca comprendido en el período durante los meses de Marzo-Mayo del 2012, se estableció un estudio del Efecto de diferentes láminas de riego por goteo y la aplicación fraccionada dela dosis de 150 kg. ha-1 de N, sobre el crecimiento del cultivo del maíz (Zea mays L.) y el rendimiento del chilote, en la variedad mejorada de Maíz NB-S a una densidad de 62,500.00 plantas/ha-1. Se estableció un ensayo bifactorial 3 x 3, utilizando un arreglo de parcelas divididas, en bloques completos al azar, con cuatro repeticiones y nueve tratamientos. Los Factores en estudio fueron: Factor A (Lámina riego /goteo) y Factor B (Momentos de aplicación de la dosis a raz ón de 150 kg. ha -1 de N) recolectando los datos en la etapa de campo a los 14, 35, 48 ddg y la cosecha a 60 ddg. Las variables evaluadas durante el crecimiento del cultivo fueron: Altura de planta (cm), Diámetro del tallo (cm) y Número de hoja por planta. A los 60 ddg se realizó la cosecha del chilote y se procedió a medir las siguientes variables: altura de la primera y segunda inserción del chilote en (cm), Peso del chilote con brácteas y sin brácteas (gr), Longitud del chilote con brácteas y sin brácteas (cm), Diámetro del chilote con brácteas y sin brácteas (cm), Rendimiento del chilote (kg. ha-1). Los datos recolectados se sometieron a un análisis estadístico de análisis de varianza, y de medias por rangos múltiples de Duncan (α=0.05). Para los 3 niveles evaluados del Factor A (Laminas de riego por goteo), el nivel al indujo al mayor rendimiento de chilote con una producción de 1,291.22 kg.ha -1; de los 3 niveles evaluados del Factor B (Fraccionamiento de la dosis de 150 kg.ha -1 de nitrógeno), el nivel b2 indujo al mayor rendimiento de chilote con una producción de 1,122.94 kg.ha-1. De los nueve tratamientos evaluados, la interacción a 1 b 2 ( 4.5 lt de agua/m/día; 150 kg.ha - 1 de N aplicado (Urea) el 50 % de la dosis a los 21 ddg y 50 % a los 42 ddg.) indujo al mayor rendimiento de chilote con una producción de 1,329.16 kg. ha - 1

在单脉冲激波管中研究TiCl_4裂解反应速率

在单脉冲激波管中,用对比速率法研究了TiCl_4的裂解。从自由基清扫剂环已烷C_6H_(12)的诱发裂解中产生的C_2H_4的测量,确定反应的机制,并测量得到了TiCl_4裂解初始过程的反应速率常数:k(TiCl_4→TiCl_3•+Cl•)=10~(16.4)exp(-(41700)/T)sec~(-1)。