La gestión de lo público por los particulares en el estado contemporáneo: análisis de las alianzas público privadas (APP) en Colombia

El Estado como institución político-jurídica, así como las estructuras de poder y organización social, han sufrido grandes transformaciones en el mundo contemporáneo, producto de discusiones y tendencias como la globalización, la reconfiguración de la legitimidad de las instituciones burocráticas, el establecimiento de estándares, políticas y prácticas de calidad internacional, el impacto de las crisis de la hacienda pública, entre otros factores que influenciaron la creciente intervención de los particulares y sus mecanismos de regulación en la gestión de los asuntos públicos. El Estado Colombiano no ha sido ajeno a tales situaciones, y la creciente injerencia del sector privado en lo público, se ha visto representada en la expedición del régimen legal de las Asociaciones Público Privadas (Ley 1508 de 2012), en virtud del cual los particulares estructuran, ejecutan y desarrollan proyectos conjugando el ánimo de lucro con la promoción del interés general. De conformidad con lo anterior, el presente trabajo tiene como objetivo sistematizar y analizar las disposiciones legales y reglamentarias relacionadas con el régimen de las Asociaciones Público Privadas, así como abordar reflexiones sobre la transformación del Estado y el papel de los particulares en el ámbito de lo público.

De "Patiamarillos" y "Tierrafueras": Encuentros, desencuentros y conflictos en tiempos de patrimonialización

Esta investigación se centra en identificar y entender los procesos de distinción social y espacial en el marco de las dinámicas de patrimonialización que han caracterizado al pueblo de Barichara, Santander en las últimas décadas. Basada en la etnografía, se lleva a cabo un acercamiento a las prácticas cotidianas de algunos de sus habitantes para comprender la complejidad de dinámicas que se desarrollan en un contexto atravesado por fronteras sociales. A través de historias de vida y situaciones sociales, se pretende dar cuenta de las experiencias contrastadas de personas que comparten un mismo pueblo pero que se ubican en posiciones diversas en el espacio social. En esta investigación se reflexiona sobre las múltiples modalidades de relacionamiento: los encuentros, los desencuentros y los conflictos.

Los bebés rana : estimulación y juego acuático en familia.

Se amamantan, duermen flotan, se sumergen, cantan ríen y, sobretodo evolucionan con la madres y el padre, envueltos y acariciados por el agua, por ello muchas parejas se plantean cómo introducir a su hijo o hija en el medio acuático. Saben o han escuchado que el hecho de que la gestación del recién nacido se dé dentro de líquido favorece una respuesta positiva y una buena predisposición del bebé hacia el agua. Si se parte de la observación de la vida intrauterina, se ve que el feto no es que flote sino que lo que hace es estar completamente inmerso dentro de una burbuja llena de líquido amniótico en estado de ingravidez.

Educación y ética para una ciudadanía cosmopolita.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Cuerpo generador de vida y de oportunidades para el trabajo. Nuestro cuerpo una asombrosa m??quina de vida : Ciclo Intermedio

Este cuaderno de trabajo forma parte del material para actividades de consolidaci??n de competencias b??sicas. Basado en el autoaprendizaje y con un enfoque de investigaci??n en la accion, est?? formado por cuatro cuadernos (nos. 5 al 8) y va dirigido a participantes del Ciclo Intermedio de Educaci??n B??sica Alternativa (personas adultas). Por sus caracter??sticas puede ser utilizado tanto en forma presencial como semipresencial. La organizaci??n interna de las unidades de trabajo comprende los siguientes componentes: Di??logo y reflexi??n participativa en torno al tema. Confrontaci??n de saberes y Retos de investigaci??n. Cada componente presenta un desaf??o a modo de evaluaci??n. Sus contenidos son anatom??a del hombre y de la mujer.

La nueva frontera de la instrucción.

Este artículo se incluye en el monográfico 'La inspección educativa'. Resumen tomado del autor

Experiencia de crítica literaria en educación infantil.

El artículo forma parte de una sección dedicada a intercambio de experiencias

Y ahora ¿qué? : una organización del aula de Matemáticas.

Se describen los primeros pasos en la organización del aula para la impartición de Matemáticas utilizando las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación. Se ofrecen orientaciones sobre cómo organizar una sesión con el ordenador, qué elementos se deben tener en cuenta, programas y utilidades para Matemáticas, direcciones de páginas web interesantes y se finaliza con orientaciones específicas sobre gnulinex como la instalación de programas.

Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) distribution and habitat use in a montane forest landscape of western Newfoundland, Canada

Once abundant, the Newfoundland Gray-cheeked Thrush (Catharus minimus minimus) has declined by as much as 95% since 1975. Underlying cause(s) of this population collapse are not known, although hypotheses include loss of winter habitat and the introduction of red squirrels (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus) to Newfoundland. Uncertainties regarding habitat needs are also extensive, and these knowledge gaps are an impediment to conservation. We investigated neighborhood (i.e., within 115 m [4.1 ha]) and landscape scale (i.e., within 1250 m [490.8 ha]) habitat associations of Gray-cheeked Thrush in a 200-km² study area in the Long Range Mountains of western Newfoundland, where elevations range from 300-600 m and landcover was a matrix of old growth fir forest, 6- to 8-year-old clearcuts, coniferous scrub, bogs, and barrens. Thrushes were restricted to elevations above ~375 m, and occurrence was strongly positively related to elevation. Occurrence was also positively related to cover of tall scrub forest at the neighborhood scale, and at the landscape scale showed curvilinear relations with the proportion of both tall scrub and old growth forest that peaked with intermediate amounts of cover. Occurrence of thrushes was also highest when clearcuts made up 60%-70% of neighborhood landcover, but was negatively related to cover of clearcuts in the broader landscape. Finally, occurrence was highest in areas having 50% cover of partially harvested forest (strip cuts or row cuts) at the neighborhood scale, but because this treatment was limited to one small portion of the study area, this finding may be spurious. Taken together, our results suggest selection for mixed habitats and sensitivity to both neighborhood and landscape-scale habitat. More research is needed on responses of thrushes to forestry, including use of older clearcuts, partially harvested stands, and precommercially thinned clearcuts. Finally, restriction of thrushes to higher elevations is consistent with the hypothesis that they have been impacted by squirrels, because squirrels were rare or absent at these elevations.

A framework for comparing pollinator performance: effectiveness and efficiency

Measuring pollinator performance has become increasingly important with emerging needs for risk assessment in conservation and sustainable agriculture that require multi-year and multi-site comparisons across studies. However, comparing pollinator performance across studies is difficult because of the diversity of concepts and disparate methods in use. Our review of the literature shows many unresolved ambiguities. Two different assessment concepts predominate: the first estimates stigmatic pollen deposition and the underlying pollinator behaviour parameters, while the second estimates the pollinator’s contribution to plant reproductive success, for example in terms of seed set. Both concepts include a number of parameters combined in diverse ways and named under a diversity of synonyms and homonyms. However, these concepts are overlapping because pollen deposition success is the most frequently used proxy for assessing the pollinator’s contribution to plant reproductive success. We analyse the diverse concepts and methods in the context of a new proposed conceptual framework with a modular approach based on pollen deposition, visit frequency, and contribution to seed set relative to the plant’s maximum female reproductive potential. A system of equations is proposed to optimize the balance between idealised theoretical concepts and practical operational methods. Our framework permits comparisons over a range of floral phenotypes, and spatial and temporal scales, because scaling up is based on the same fundamental unit of analysis, the single visit.

Space-time block coding for four transmit antennas over time-selective fading channels: orthogonal or non-orthogonal design?

The paper deals with an issue in space time block coding (STBC) design. It considers whether, over a time-selective channel, orthogonal STBC (O-STBC) or non-orthogonal STBC (NO-STBC) performs better. It is shown that, under time-selectiveness, once vehicle speed has risen above a certain value, NO-STBC always outperforms O-STBC across the whole SNR range. Also, considering that all existing NO-STBC schemes have been investigated under quasi-static channels only, a new simple receiver is derived for the NO-STBC system under time-selective channels.

Designer buildings: an evaluation of the price impacts of signature architects

This study investigates whether commercial offices designed by signature architects in the United States achieve rental premiums compared to commercial offices designed by nonsignature architects. Focusing on buildings designed by winners of the Prizker Prize and the Gold Medal awarded by the American Institute of Architects, we create a sample of commercial office buildings designed by signature architects drawing on CoStar's national database. We use a combination of hedonic regression model and a logit model to estimate the various rent determinants. While the first stage measures the typical rental price differential above the typical building in a particular sub-market over a specific timeframe, the second stage identifies a potential price differential over a set of buildings closely matched on important characteristics (such as age, size, location etc.). We find that in both stages offices design by signature architects exhibit a premium. However these results are preliminary. The premium could be indeed an effect of the name of the architect, but others factors such as micro-market conditions might be the cause. Further tests are needed to confirm the validity of our results.

Development of an ex vivo human skin model for intradermal vaccination : tissue viability and Langerhans cell behaviour

The presence of resident Langerhans cells (LCs) in the epidermis makes the skin an attractive target for DNA vaccination. However, reliable animal models for cutaneous vaccination studies are limited. We demonstrate an ex vivo human skin model for cutaneous DNA vaccination which can potentially bridge the gap between pre-clinical in vivo animal models and clinical studies. Cutaneous transgene expression was utilised to demonstrate epidermal tissue viability in culture. LC response to the culture environment was monitored by immunohistochemistry. Full-thickness and split-thickness skin remained genetically viable in culture for at least 72 h in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and full organ culture medium (OCM). The epidermis of explants cultured in OCM remained morphologically intact throughout the culture duration. LCs in full-thickness skin exhibited a delayed response (reduction in cell number and increase in cell size) to the culture conditions compared with split-thickness skin, whose response was immediate. In conclusion, excised human skin can be cultured for a minimum of 72 h for analysis of gene expression and immune cell activation. However, the use of split-thickness skin for vaccine formulation studies may not be appropriate because of the nature of the activation. Full-thickness skin explants are a more suitable model to assess cutaneous vaccination ex vivo.