Logoi demagogou, erga tyrannou : El testimonio del lexema demagogos de Pseudo Andócides

"Para describir la vida política de las democracias antiguas nos vemos forzados a servirnos de términos que utilizamos para las democracias modernas. Pero hay que tener cuidado de no engañarse. Pues las mismas palabras contemplan a menudo las realidades más diversas" (Reverdin, 1945: 201). Esta afirmación nos autoriza a preguntarnos si hay o no una conexión entre los demagogou atenienses y lo que nosotros entendemos por "demagogos". El lexema ingresó a los idiomas modernos por una traducción al francés de una traducción latina de la Política de Aristóteles en el siglo XIV d.C. (Robert, 1954: s.v.), donde ya era patente el carácter peyorativo del lexema. Durante los últimos cincuenta años, los especialistas han analizado las ocurrencias del campo léxico de la demagogia desde una perspectiva histórico- sociológica y en ese sentido coinciden en que estos vocablos en su origen eran "neutros" (Connor, 1992; Lane, 2012). Ostwald, por su parte, opina que la connotación peyorativa del término probablemente se deba a Aristóteles, específicamente a un pasaje de la Política (4.4.1292a4-38) (1986: 201). Sin embargo, contamos con testimonios del lexema de fines del siglo V a.C. y principios del IV a.C. donde es posible entender cierta connotación negativa. Dentro del conjunto de testimonios se encuentra el Contra Alcibíades del Pseudo Andócides. El presente trabajo, complementario de análisis anteriores en el corpus del siglo V a.C., tiene como objetivo analizar el mencionado lexema en su cotexto a la luz de una perspectiva que concibe las palabras como piezas lingüísticas susceptibles de variación semántica incluso en un mismo estadio sincrónico, aplicando conceptos de las teorías de la Nueva Retórica y del Análisis del Discurso

HRM and innovation:looking across levels

Studies are starting to explore the role of HRM in fostering organizational innovation but empirical evidence remains contradictory and theory fragmented. This is partly because extant literature by and large adopts a unitary level of analysis, rather than reflecting on the multi-level demands that innovation presents. Building on an emergent literature focused on HRM’s role in shaping innovation, we shed light on the question of whether, and how, HRM might influence employees’ innovative behaviours in the direction of strategically important goals. Drawing upon institutional theory, our contributions are three-fold: to bring out the effect of two discrete HRM configurations- one underpinned by a control and the other by an entrepreneurial ethos, on attitudes and behaviours at the individual level; to reflect the way in which employee innovative behaviours arising from these HRM configurations coalesce to shape higher-level phenomena, such as organizational-level innovation; and to bring out two distinct patterns of bottom-up emergence, one driven primarily by composition and the other by both composition and compilation.

Phronèsis et prudence : esquisse de la science pratique dans les textes de la tradition classique

Ce mémoire porte sur les transformations du concept de prudence, de l’Antiquité grecque au XVIIe siècle. Il souligne notamment le lien qui unit les manières d’être et l’art, tant chez les Grecs qu’au début de la modernité. La phronèsis se définissait tout d’abord en relation aux autres manières de faire, dont la technè fait partie. Si Platon et Aristote les distinguent, les auteurs de la modernité assimileront ces deux manières de faire. De plus, on peut voir dans la forme du langage employé pour écrire sur la prudence un reflet de la vertu antique. Il s’agit de donner, tant par le style que par le propos, un exemple de prudence. Cette vertu, qui est d’ailleurs la première des vertus cardinales, est donc fondamentale pour comprendre le rapport entre l’éthique et l’art, de l’Antiquité au début de la modernité. Elle annonce aussi les débuts de l’esthétique moderne, en ce qu’elle donne des règles à suivre pour arriver à ses fins, qu’il s’agisse de n’importe quelle manière de faire.

The Indian diaspora : Hindus and Sikhs in Australia

Since the late 1990s, the Indian community in Australia has grown faster than any other immigrant community. The Indian Diaspora has made substantial contributions to the multi-ethnic and multi-religious diversity within Australia. The growth of Hinduism and Sikhism through gurus, temples, yoga and rituals of many kind has brought new colours, images, customs and practices to the profile of Australian religion, and the Australian landscape more widely. At the same time, Hinduism and Sikhism have themselves been transformed as Hindus and Sikhs from different parts of India as well as Fiji, Malaysia and other parts of the world have come together to establish a pan-Indian ethos. Hindus and Sikhs here have also interacted with other sectors of the Australian population and with religions from the Western world. This is the theme of this book.The Indian Diaspora covers the theory of diaspora, the historical development of the Indian communities in Australia since the late 19th century to the present times, current practices and statistical profiles of Hindus and Sikhs in Australia, and interactions between Hindus and Sikhs with the wider Australian community. There are case-studies of the Indian students and women in the Australian community, of Indian communities in Melbourne and South Australia, and of temple building and the Sikh gurdwara. The book has been edited by and contains contributions from Purushottama Bilimoria, an internationally-known scholar of philosophy and religion, Jayant Bhalchandra Bapat, one of Australia’s most senior Hindu priests and a scholar of Hinduism, and Philip Hughes, a leading analyst of the religious profiles of the Australian people. It also contains contributions from several other prominent scholars. Included are special essays on the importance of diaspora by the late Ninian Smart and on the 19th century Afghan cameleers and Indian hawkers.

Teacher change in implementing a research-developed representation construction pedagogy

The Representations in Learning Science (RiLS) project developed arepresentation construction approach to teaching and learning in science, which has successfully demonstrated enhanced student learning through sustained engagement with ideas, and enhancement of teachers’ pedagogical knowledge and understandings of how knowledge in science is developed and communicated. The current Constructing Representations in Science Pedagogy (CRISP) project aims at widerscale implementation of the representation construction approach. This paper explores a range of issues that confronted four Year-8 teachers in implementing this research-developed approach, such as: preparedness of the teacher in terms of epistemological positioning and positioning as a learner, significant support for planning and modelling by the university expert, and a team ethos where teachers share ideas and plan jointly. The Year-8 teachers implemented a representation construction approach to the teaching of the topic of astronomy. The Interconnected Model of Teacher Growth (IMTG) (Clarke and Hollingworth, Teach. Educ., 18 (2001) 947) was used to analyse the teachers’ experience in planning and delivering the teaching sequence. This model was found to be flexible in identifying the experiences of teachers in different situations and useful in identifying issues for implementation of a research-developed pedagogy.

‘It’s like Spiderman… with great power comes great responsibility’: school autonomy, school context and the audit culture

This paper explores issues of school autonomy within the context of the performative demands of the audit culture. The focus is on a case study of Clementine Academy, a large and highly diverse English secondary school. Specific situated, professional, material and external factors at the school were significant in shaping Clementine’s response to and take-up of the policy of academisation (a key reform within broader government mandates to create an increasingly autonomised education system). Factors such as the school’s intake and history, its ethos and values, its access to human and economic resources and its status and power as an outstanding school supported its confident and ‘morally’ focused take-up of this policy. Clementine’s privileged position in relation to these factors enabled the school to mediate and challenge some of the negative effects of the audit culture. This paper highlights the significance of considering these contextual factors in understanding the different ways in which schools are currently engaging their autonomy to cope with the demands of the audit culture.

Respectful relationships education in schools: the beginnings of change

Children and young people have become one of the most important populations for the prevention of gender-based violence. The unacceptably high rates of gender-based violence, in particular, violence against women and their children, are well established and there is a clear opportunity to change the story for future generations via the education system. There is no single cause of gender-based violence, however, the latest international evidence shows that it is primarily driven by a range of social norms, institutional structures, and organizational or community practices relating to gender inequality. Gender inequality manifests in every aspect of life, from our relationships through to our institutions, including schools. Shifting the pattern of violence will require cultural transformation- and new research shows that this change is possible. Governments have seized this opportunity, and through the Australian Curriculum, schools have been directed to consider their role in the prevention of gender-based violence through the incorporation of Respectful Relationships Education. Schools play a central role in the intellectual, social and emotional development of children and young people. The education system sets the foundation for creating future generations of successful learners, confident and creative individuals, and active and informed citizens. Recent international evidence shows that the impact of school based Respectful Relationships Education – if implemented according to good practice standards – can be profound. Schools are ‘mini communities’ where respect and equality can be modelled to help shape positive attitudes and behaviours at an early stage of life. As workplaces and community hubs, schools have spheres of influence which extend to a workforce of over 40,000 teaching and non-teaching staff in Victorian schools, and into every Victorian community. As such, their reach and potential to drive cultural change to prevent gender-based violenceis significant. This report presents the findings of the Respectful Relationships Education in Schools (RREiS) pilot as one of the first evaluations in Australia to examine the impact of Respectful Relationships Education across the whole school – from the classroom, through to the staff room and broader school culture and ethos.

Thriving amid the performative demands of the contemporary audit culture: a matter of school context

The predominant focus in this paper is on issues of school context and, in particular, on the dimensions of context at a large English comprehensive school that enable it to thrive within the current demands of the contemporary audit culture. Featuring interview data gathered from a number of senior educators, the paper draws on Braun et al’s (Braun, A., S. Ball, M. Maguire, and K. Hoskins. 2011. “Taking Context Seriously: Towards Explaining Policy Enactments in the Secondary School.” Discourse: Studies in the Politics of Education 32 (4): 585 -596) heuristic device for thinking about the ‘situated’, ‘professional’ and ‘external’ dimensions of context at the school. This device supports an analysis of the school’s intake (in particular the high cultural and class related aspirations of parents and students) and its values (namely the school’s traditional ethos of academic and behavioural excellence). The central argument of the paper is that these contextual dimensions contribute significantly to the school’s capacity to forge a worthy school identity within the current hyper-accountable and competitive environment where academic achievement (along increasingly narrow and conservative lines) and maintaining standards in relation to this achievement are utmost priorities.

Constructs in Knowledge Organization Systems: Rhythm in Time, Intention, and Form

In the context of the International Society for Knowledge Organization, we often consider knowledge organization systems to comprise catalogues, thesauri, and bibliothecal classification schemes – schemes for library arrangement. In recent years we have added ontologies and folksonomies to our sphere of study. In all of these cases it seems we are concerned with improving access to information. We want a good system.And much of the literature from the late 19th into the late 20th century took that as their goal – to analyze the world of knowledge and the structures of representing it as its objects of study; again, with the ethos for creating a good system. In most cases this meant we had to be correct in our assertions about the universe of knowledge and the relationships that obtain between its constituent parts. As a result much of the literature of knowledge organization is prescriptive – instructing designers and professionals how to build or use the schemes correctly – that is to maximize redundant success in accessing information.In 2005, there was a turn in some of the knowledge organization literature. It has been called the descriptive turn. This is in relation to the otherwise prescriptive efforts of researchers in KO. And it is the descriptive turn that makes me think of context, languages, and cultures in knowledge organization–the theme of this year’s conference.Work in the descriptive turn questions the basic assumptions about what we want to do when we create, implement, maintain, and evaluate knowledge organization systems. Following on these assumptions researchers have examined a wider range of systems and question the motivations behind system design. Online websites that allow users to curate their own collections are one such addition, for example Pinterest (cf., Feinberg, 2011). However, researchers have also looked back at other lineages of organizing to compare forms and functions. For example, encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and winter counts designed and used by Native Americans.In this case of online curated collections, Melanie Feinberg has started to examine the craft of curation, as she calls it. In this line of research purpose, voice, and rhetorical stance surface as design considerations. For example, in the case of the Pinterest, users are able and encouraged to create boards. The process of putting together these boards is an act of curation in contemporary terminology. It is describing this craft that comes from the descriptive turn in KO.In the second case, when researchers in the descriptive turn look back at older and varied examples of knowledge organization systems, we are looking for a full inventory of intent and inspiration for future design. Encyclopedias, catalogues raisonnés, archival description, and works of knowledge organization in other cultures provide a rich world for the descriptive turn. And researchers have availed themselves of this.

Responsabilidad social empresarial Crepes & Waffles

El presente estudio de caso documenta los planes y actividades relacionadas con el tema de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial que la multinacional colombiana Crepes & Waffles implementa en sus operaciones. El documento contiene una investigación que incluye antecedentes, análisis del sector, temas estadísticos y una entrevista.

Sobre magia, sensualidad y belleza: procesos de subjetividad femenina, sororidad y empoderamiento a través de la danza del vientre en la Academia Anasi de Bogotá

Esta investigación se centra en analizar la danza del vientre como una práctica sociocultural que transforma las subjetividades de sus practicantes, en el caso particular de las mujeres integrantes de la academia Anasi de Bogotá. Basada en la autoetnografía y a partir de experiencias individuales y colectivas de las mujeres integrantes del lugar, la danza es presentada como un proceso que conduce al empoderamiento femenino individual y colectivo. Esto sucede en el marco de una sociedad patriarcal, donde los cuerpos femeninos están cargados de connotaciones y limitaciones. Además de que el estilo dancístico ha sido dotado histórica y socialmente de prejuicios y nociones sexistas y machistas en torno a él y a sus bailarinas.

Knockin' on Digital Doors. Dealing with online [dis]credit in an era of digital scientific inquiry

This chapter aims at presenting and discussing credible online recruitment eliciting techniques targeting scientific purposes adjusted to the digital age. Based on several illustrations conducted by the author within the framework of both quantitative and qualitative inquiries, this chapter critically explores the digital ethos in three main challenges faced when dealing with online recruitment for scientific purposes: entering the normality of the everyday life, entering the idiosyncrasy of multicultural lives, and entering the chaos of busy lives. By the end, a toolbox for establishing and evaluating (dis)credibility within online recruitment strategies is presented. Moreover, it is argued that success of data collection at the present time in online environments seems to rely as ever on internal factors of the communication process vis-à-vis e-mail content, design and related strategies.

SOB A SOMBRA DO IPÊ: A ESPACIALIZAÇÃO DO IMAGINÁRIO NEODRUÍDICO NAS CIDADES BRASILEIRAS

A Nova Era, movimento globalizado que ocorre em centros urbanos, permitiu diversas releituras de religiões instituicionais, bem como a reinvenção do paganismo. Num mundo conectado em tempo real, tudo é palco de vivências e ressignificações, possibilitando o acesso e a prática de qualquer uma delas. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo verificar como um segmento da Nova Era - os druidas contemporâneos - filiados à BDO/Druidnetwork vivenciavam o seu cotidiano e espacializavam, nas cidades brasileiras, uma religiosidade pautada no imaginário e nas divindades dos antigos celtas. A pesquisa mostrou que a procura por essa religiosidade estava ligada essencialmente as necessidades espirituais que harmonizasse o ser humano com a natureza e mantivesse distância das religiões tradicionais. Para essa reconexão, os druidas contemporâneos sacralizavam a paisagem geográfica, adapatavam-se ao ethos local e rompiam as fronteiras físicas dos territórios adequando-as às suas necessidades imediatas. Por meio dessa articulação espacial manifestavam sua preocupação com o nosso planeta. Todos os atos, incluindo a mudança de hábito era em prol de uma Terra melhor. Em espaços físicos, mentais ou virtuais trocavam a dúvida pela certeza na mudança de consciência da humanidade.