山西省的淡水红藻

报道山西省的淡水红藻植物,共计有15种,隶属于6目,7科,9属,即紫球藻Porphyridiumpurpureum Bory DrewetRoss,暗紫红毛菜Bangiaatropurpurea Roth Agardh,细弱弯枝藻CompsopogontenellusLingetXie,弯枝藻C.coeruleus BalbisexC.Agardh Montagne,灌木状拟弯枝藻Copsopogonopsisfruticosa Jao Seto,异孢奥杜藻AudouinellaheterosporaXieetLing,硬枝奥杜藻A.chalybea Roth Bory,矮小奥杜藻A.pygmaea Kützing Weber-vanBosse,棘刺红索藻Thoreahispida Thore Desvaux,鸭形串珠藻Batrachospermumanat-inumSirodot,胶串珠藻B.gelatinosum Linnaeus DeCandolle,弧形串珠藻B.arcuatumKylin,绞扭串珠藻B.in-tortumJao,细连珠藻Sirodotiatenuissima Collins SkujaexFlint和胭脂藻Hildenbrandiarivularis Leibmann Agardh.

Ultrathin-film growth of para-sexiphenyl (II): Formation of large-size domain and continuous thin film

The large-size domain and continuous para-sexiphenyl (p-6P) ultrathin film was fabricated successfully on silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrate and investigated by atomic force microscopy and selected area electron diffraction. At the optimal substrate temperature of 180 degrees C, the first-layer film exhibits the mode of layer growth, and the domain size approaches 100 mu m(2). Its saturated island density (0.018 mu m(-2)) is much smaller than that of the second-layer film (0.088 mu m(-2)), which begins to show the Volmer-Weber growth mode.

龙须菜和文蛤混养互利机制的模拟研究

近年来，在“清洁生产”、“生态养殖”以及“生物修复”理论的指导下，在贝类稚贝培育和成贝养殖过程中实施贝藻混合模式，已经成为国内外学者研究的热点之一。本文在封闭水体中进行了龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis Weber-van Bosse）和文蛤（Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus）稚贝以及成贝的混养实验，初步探索了混养系统中的互利机制，监测了水体中理化因子和生物因子的变化规律，测定了养殖生物的生长情况及营养成分，构建了混养系统中贝藻混养的合理模式。并且采用新技术－T-RFLP监测了养殖水体中细菌的动态变化。主要研究成果如下： 1． 在龙须菜与稚贝混养实验中，平均水温为17.5±3.2℃。研究结果表明较低的温度抑制了龙须菜的生长，总平均日生长率最高为0.81％/d，小于与成贝混养实验的最高特定生长率1.79％/d。养殖水体中氨氮和磷酸盐是最主要的无机污染物，而龙须菜对养殖水体营养盐的去除作用显著， 35天后混养系统中养殖水体的氨氮和磷酸盐平均浓度较单养系统低43.37μmol/L、1.23μmol/L，分别相差95.06%、94.85％。 2． 在龙须菜与成贝混养实验中，平均水温为23.1±2.3℃，适合龙须菜的生长，结果表明龙须菜对氨氮和亚硝氮的吸收高达86％～98％，对无机磷的吸收可达99％，养殖生物的生长情况良好，养殖生物体内的营养成分要好于单养系统中的养殖生物。对于氨基酸总含量，加入龙须菜的养殖系统中文蛤体内的氨基酸总含量要比单养系统中文蛤体内氨基酸总含量高26.0mg/g，高出后者5.01％。引入龙须菜在一定程度上可以抑制异养细菌和致病性弧菌的生长，相对抑制率达到77.75％。在本实验中，尽管龙须菜可以抑制异养细菌的生长，但如果引入过多会导致嗜江蓠细菌过度增加，可能反而会破坏原有的微生态平衡。 3． 采用T-RFLP技术对养殖水体中的总细菌群落进行了分析，摸索出合理的方法和步骤，通过聚类分析将养殖水体中细菌群落分为两个群落，并且认为在养殖水体中，微生物群落的变化是及其复杂的，第六周时两个群落变化不一致。并且相对来说，龙须菜的引入可能会对某些群落造成抑制，但也可能会对其它细菌群落起到促进作用。 4． 稚贝和成贝分别与龙须菜的混养实验结果表明，在养殖系统中引入龙须菜可以改善养殖环境，龙须菜和文蛤的适宜混合比例为1：1能取得较好的生态效应。

不可提取态有机质对菲和萘的吸附过程的影响

土壤对疏水性有机污染物的吸附实际上是土壤中矿物和有机质两部分共同作用的结果。土壤有机质的作用相当重要，因为与矿物相比，它通常对疏水性有机污染物具有较大的热力学亲合力。因此，土壤吸附有机污染物机理的研究主要是从土壤有机质的角度进行的。土壤有机质组成复杂，主要包括非特异性有机质和腐殖质，其中腐殖质约占有机质总量的50％-80％，包括胡敏酸、富里酸和胡敏素。早期的实验研究认为疏水性有机污染物在土壤有机质相中表现为线性分配，可以用平衡分配系数来描述。但是，随着实验研究的深入，平衡分配模型不能合理解释疏水性有机污染物的一些吸附特征，如非线性吸附、溶质竞争吸附以及解吸过程的滞后现象等。后来，Weber和Huang提出土壤吸附有机污染物的三端元模型。同时Pignatello和Xing提出双模式吸附模型。都认为土壤有机质存在明显的不均匀性，并且提出了“软碳”与“硬碳”的概念.

菲和萘的非线性吸附过程研究

分配模型认为疏水性有机物在土壤上的吸附过程是一种分配的过程[1,2],平衡分配系数与土壤有机碳的含量存在线性相关关系.Weber和Huang[3,4]提出土壤吸附有机污染物的三端员模式.认为无机矿物表面和无定形有机质对有机污染物的吸附以相分配为主,而凝聚态有机质对有机污染物吸附则表现为非线性的.Pignatello和Xing[5,6]指出双模式吸附模型可将土壤有机质分为溶解相和孔隙填充相两个部分;认为有机污染物在溶解相上的吸附是一个分配过程,而在孔隙填充相中的吸附则服从兰格缪尔吸附等温模型,表现为非线性.可以肯定土壤有机质是引起疏水性有机物非线性吸附过程的主要组分.因此,本研究利用现代分析方法表征土壤有机质的化学组成和结构;定量研究多环芳技烃化合物菲和萘在吸附剂上的等温吸附过程;探讨疏水性有机污染物的非线性等温吸附与吸附剂中有机质化学组成和结构之间的关系.

Contribuição de bactérias diazotrópicas na cultura da bananeira: perspectivas de utilização na produção integrada.

Esta pesquisa objetivou avaliar a ocorrência de bactérias diazotróficas na cultura da bananeira no Estado do Ceará (Brasil), selecionar bactérias diazotróficas endofíticas em associação com mudas da cultivar Grande Naine, avaliar produção de bananas nas cultivares Grande Naine (subgrupo Cavendish), Ambrosia, Buccaner e Calypso (subgrupo Gros Michel) em resposta à inoculação de bactéria selecionada em mudas e verificar o potencial de bactéria diazotrófica na proteção de plantas da cultivar Maçã contra o fungo Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, causador da fusariose na bananeira. As bananeiras das cultivares Pacovan e Prata (subgrupo Prata) e Couruda (subgrupo Figo) plantadas no Ceará estavam associadas de bactérias diazotróficas relacionadas aos gêneros Burkholderia e Herbaspirillum. Em experimento com mudas micropropagadas da cultivar Grande Naine constatou-se que bactérias endofíticas do tipo Burkholderia variam em eficiência na promoção do crescimento das plantas. A inoculação do isolado de bactéria relacionada a B. cepacia AB202 em mudas resultou no aumento de produtividade das cultivares dos subgrupos Cavendish (2.900kg ha- 1) e Gros Michel (1.400kg ha-1). Na cultivar Maçã, a tecnologia permitiu reduzir a incidência de fusariose em 7,4% (113 plantas por ha). Estes resultados confirmam a influência de bactérias diazotróficas na cultura da bananeira, sugerindo a possibilidade do uso desta tecnologia por viveiristas e produtores de banana em busca da produção integrada de frutas.

Monte Belo: características da identidade regional para uma indicação geográfica de vinhos.

2008

Os solos do Vale dos Vinhedos.

INTRODUÇÃO. CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA ÁREA. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS. RESULTADOS. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS. REFERÊNCIAS. ANEXOS: Anexo I - Mapa impresso; Mapa de solos do Vale dos Vinhedos, RS. Anexo II - CD-ROM. Anexo IIA - Arquivos digitais para reprodução de cópias impressas - formato pdf (portable document file). Anexo IIB - Arquivos digitais estruturados para uso em SIG - formato shape file. Anexo IIC - Descrição dos perfis do levantamento detalhado de solos do Vale dos Vinhedos, RS

A Neural Network of Adaptively Timed Reinforcement Learning and Hippocampal Dynamics

A neural model is described of how adaptively timed reinforcement learning occurs. The adaptive timing circuit is suggested to exist in the hippocampus, and to involve convergence of dentate granule cells on CA3 pyramidal cells, and NMDA receptors. This circuit forms part of a model neural system for the coordinated control of recognition learning, reinforcement learning, and motor learning, whose properties clarify how an animal can learn to acquire a delayed reward. Behavioral and neural data are summarized in support of each processing stage of the system. The relevant anatomical sites are in thalamus, neocortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, and cerebellum. Cerebellar influences on motor learning are distinguished from hippocampal influences on adaptive timing of reinforcement learning. The model simulates how damage to the hippocampal formation disrupts adaptive timing, eliminates attentional blocking, and causes symptoms of medial temporal amnesia. It suggests how normal acquisition of subcortical emotional conditioning can occur after cortical ablation, even though extinction of emotional conditioning is retarded by cortical ablation. The model simulates how increasing the duration of an unconditioned stimulus increases the amplitude of emotional conditioning, but does not change adaptive timing; and how an increase in the intensity of a conditioned stimulus "speeds up the clock", but an increase in the intensity of an unconditioned stimulus does not. Computer simulations of the model fit parametric conditioning data, including a Weber law property and an inverted U property. Both primary and secondary adaptively timed conditioning are simulated, as are data concerning conditioning using multiple interstimulus intervals (ISIs), gradually or abruptly changing ISis, partial reinforcement, and multiple stimuli that lead to time-averaging of responses. Neurobiologically testable predictions are made to facilitate further tests of the model.

Developing a health and wellbeing platform in a living lab setting: An action design research study

The world’s population is rapidly aging, which affects healthcare budgets, resources, pensions and social security systems. Although most older adults prefer to live independently in their own home as long as possible, smart living solutions to support elderly people at home did not reach mass adoption, yet. To support people age-in-place a Living Lab is established in one of the metropolitan areas in the Netherlands. The main goal of the Living Lab is to develop an online health and wellbeing platform that matches service providers, caretakers and users and to implement that platform in one particular city district. In this paper we describe the narrative of the action design research process that will give researchers insight how to deal with complex multi-stakeholder design projects as well as cooperation issues to develop an artifact in a real-life setting.

Indication of electron neutrino appearance from an accelerator-produced off-axis muon neutrino beam.

The T2K experiment observes indications of ν(μ) → ν(e) appearance in data accumulated with 1.43×10(20) protons on target. Six events pass all selection criteria at the far detector. In a three-flavor neutrino oscillation scenario with |Δm(23)(2)| = 2.4×10(-3)  eV(2), sin(2)2θ(23) = 1 and sin(2)2θ(13) = 0, the expected number of such events is 1.5±0.3(syst). Under this hypothesis, the probability to observe six or more candidate events is 7×10(-3), equivalent to 2.5σ significance. At 90% C.L., the data are consistent with 0.03(0.04) < sin(2)2θ(13) < 0.28(0.34) for δ(CP) = 0 and a normal (inverted) hierarchy.

AN EXAMINATION OF 19TH CENTURY AUSTROGERMAN VIOLIN SONATAS

For my dissertation recital project, I traced the course of the violin-piano sonata in Austro- German in the 19th century, after Beethoven. My project presented works in three general categories. First, I presented works that are frequently-played standards of the violin sonata repertoire, works by Johannes Brahms, Franz Schubert, and Robert Schumann. The Second category is works by composers better known for their other compositions: Felix Mendelssohn and Richard Strauss. Finally, I choose the works seldom played these days, but worth of consideration, by Carl Maria von Weber and Max Reger. For my first recital, I performed Schubert's Violin Sonata, No. 1, Op. 137 in D major, Schumann's Violin Sonata, No. 1, Op. 105 in a minor, and Brahms' Violin Sonata, No.3, Op. 108 in d minor, with Naoko Takao as pianist. My second recital included works of Weber's Sonata, No. 1, Op. lob, in F major, Mendelssohn's Sonata, in F major (1838), and Schumann's Sonata, No.Z,Op.121 in d minor with Grace Cho. I concluded my final recital with the works of Reger's Violin Sonata, No. 1, Op. 1 in d minor and Strauss' Violin Sonata, Op. 18 in E flat major, Soo-Young Jung at the piano. All three programs are documented in a digital audio format available on compact disc, with accompanying programs also available in digital format.

Characterization and analysis of the exogenous application of selected phytohormones on C. reinhardtii metabolism

Gemstone Team Genes to Fuels

Evidence for GC-biased gene conversion as a driver of between-lineage differences in avian base composition.

BACKGROUND: While effective population size (Ne) and life history traits such as generation time are known to impact substitution rates, their potential effects on base composition evolution are less well understood. GC content increases with decreasing body mass in mammals, consistent with recombination-associated GC biased gene conversion (gBGC) more strongly impacting these lineages. However, shifts in chromosomal architecture and recombination landscapes between species may complicate the interpretation of these results. In birds, interchromosomal rearrangements are rare and the recombination landscape is conserved, suggesting that this group is well suited to assess the impact of life history on base composition. RESULTS: Employing data from 45 newly and 3 previously sequenced avian genomes covering a broad range of taxa, we found that lineages with large populations and short generations exhibit higher GC content. The effect extends to both coding and non-coding sites, indicating that it is not due to selection on codon usage. Consistent with recombination driving base composition, GC content and heterogeneity were positively correlated with the rate of recombination. Moreover, we observed ongoing increases in GC in the majority of lineages. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide evidence that gBGC may drive patterns of nucleotide composition in avian genomes and are consistent with more effective gBGC in large populations and a greater number of meioses per unit time; that is, a shorter generation time. Thus, in accord with theoretical predictions, base composition evolution is substantially modulated by species life history.

SELECTED REPERTOIRE OF THE GILLET COMPETITION FROM 1996 TO 2006

There are many bassoon competitions around the world- and one of the most famous is the Gillet competition, sponsored by the International Double Reed Society. In 1981, it was established as an annual event, the "Femand Gillet Bassoon Competition"- a title expanded in 2000 to the "Femand Gillet-Hugo Fox Bassoon Competition." My goal was to explore the history of the competition, the availability of the repertoire selected for each competition, and the difficulties performing each piece. Through this journey, I was able to discover the variety of material chosen and how it was used, the quality, value, and the importance of the repertoire in each competition. For example, Ferdinand David's Concertino op.12, the style of the piece provides romantic, operatic type lyricism, a flashy presto section and finale, makes it as a standard romantic piece in the bassoon repertoire; Otmar Nussio's Variations on an Air by Pergolesi, contains a slow theme and few diverse variations, which provides a contemporary style music with the traditional music form and descriptive quality. The result of learning this repertoire proves that different styles of music in the competition demonstrate the artistry of the bassoon repertoire and music history in relationship of the development of the instrument. My first dissertation recital featured: Concerto for Bassoon, K. 191 by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart; Concertino by Marcel Bitsch; Metamorphoses by Leslie Bassett; and Sonatine by Alexandre Tansman. My second recital featured: Concerto in E minor, RV 484 by Antonio Vivaldi; On the Summer Map of Stars by Gordon Kerry; Concertino Opus12 by Ferdinand David; Elegie by Jacques Hetu; and Interferences by Roger Boutry. My third recital featured: Cello Suite No.2 in D minor, BWV1008 by Johann Sebastian Bach; Combinaciones: Sonatina para Fagot y Piano by Salvador Ranieri; Andante e Rondo Ungarese Opus 35 by Carl Maria von Weber; and Variations on an Air by Pergolesi for Bassoon and Piano by Otmar Nussio.