School-based counseling using systematic feedback: A cohort study evaluating outcomes and predictors of change

The outcomes of school-based counseling incorporating the Partners for Change Outcome Monitoring System (PCOMS) were evaluated using a cohort design, with multilevel modeling to identify predictors of change. Participants were 288 7-11 year olds experiencing social, emotional or behavioral difficulties. The intervention was associated with significant reductions in psychological distress, with a pre-post effect size (d) of 1.49 on the primary outcome measure and 88.7% clinical improvement. Greater improvements were found for disabled children, older children, and where CBT methods were used. The findings provide support for the use of systematic feedback in therapy with children.

Agency or Dependency?: The Mixed Peppers Theatre Arts Training Project for young people with disabilities

This article provides a reflection on my past practice as Creative Director of The Mixed Peppers Theatre Arts Training Programme. Drawing upon discourses of Disability Studies it considers how this ostensibly emancipatory project that sought to provide access to theatre activity for young people with physical disabilities living in Northern Ireland was flawed, and was eventually disbanded, partly due to a failure on the part of its non-disabled leadership to address imbalances of power in its relationship with its young disabled constituency. The article is framed within a survey of recent debates that focus upon the historical lack of a sustained, indigenous, disability-led theatre activity in Northern Ireland and the recent efforts by non-disabled professional arts practitioners to establish such activity in the region. It offers, as an exemplar to current discussion, an analysis of how the choice and agency of the young members of The Mixed Peppers were compromised by the well-meaning but potentially oppressive practices of its leadership. It questions whether the project was unduly influenced by parental desire to see their disabled children `normalized' in a high-profile theatrical production. Finally, it considers how The Mixed Peppers' institutional situation, as a project controlled and administered by a disability charity, was implicated in the premature demise of the initiative.

Clinical correlates of serum pigment epithelium-derived factor in type 2 diabetes patients

Aim: To determine if serum pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) levels in Type 2 diabetes are related to vascular risk factors and renal function. Methods: PEDF was quantified by ELISA in a cross-sectional study of 857 male Veterans Affairs Diabetes Trial (VADT) subjects, and associations with cardiovascular risk factors and renal function were determined. In a subset (n = 246) in whom serum was obtained early in the VADT (2.0 ± 0.3 years post-randomization), PEDF was related to longitudinal changes in renal function over 3.1 years. Results: Cross-sectional study: In multivariate regression models, PEDF was positively associated with serum triglycerides, waist-to-hip ratio, serum creatinine, use of ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers, and use of lipid-lowering agents; it was negatively associated with HDL-C (all p < 0.05). Longitudinal study: PEDF was not associated with changes in renal function over 3.1 years (p > 0.09). Conclusions: Serum PEDF in Type 2 diabetic men was cross-sectionally associated with dyslipidemia, body habitus, use of common drugs for blood pressure and dyslipidemia, and indices of renal function; however, PEDF was not associated with renal decline over 3.1 years.

'Changing attitudes with a little imagination': Imagined contact effects on young children's intergroup bias

The current research tested a recent development in social psychology, namely 'imagined contact', among young children (n = 123, 5 to 10 years). Children imagined interacting with a physically disabled child, or did not take part in this activity (the control group). Compared with the control group, children who engaged in 'imagined contact' subsequently showed reduced intergroup bias in their general attitude and ratings of warmth and competence. Imagined contact also led to more positive intended friendship behavior towards the disabled, but only among 5 – 6 year olds. This provides partial support for our hypothesis that younger children, perhaps as a result of their lack of outgroup experience, are more likely to benefit from imagined contact. Implications for the development of attitudes towards the disabled, imagined contact theory and the development of classroom-based prejudice-reduction techniques based on imagined contact are discussed.

Getting In and Getting On? The Experiences of Young People with Visual Impairments and Hearing Impairments in Third-Level Education

Young disabled people continue to be under-represented throughout further and higher education settings. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu’s social theory of habitus, capital and field, this paper explores the practices of domination and oppression that have made it difficult for young people with visual impairments and hearing impairments to participate in third-level education on the same basis as non-disabled people. Twenty young people with hearing impairments and visual impairments were interviewed about their educational experiences. In addition, 31 interviews were conducted with third-level education providers, policy-makers and non-governmental organisations. This article has two aims: firstly, to critically examine the experiences of young people with hearing impairments and visual impairments in accessing and engaging with support provisions in further and higher education settings; and secondly, to identify and explore the diversity of ways in which these young people have managed and responded to the practices they have encountered. This article emphasises the journey from ability to dis-ability that young people with hearing and visual impairments experience in their quest for educational achievement. The ambiguities of “inclusion”, “widening participation” and “support” are highlighted and critiqued for their extensive failure to challenge taken-for-granted discourses.

The Geography of Revolution: The case of Longford, 1917-1921

Why were some areas of the Ireland more active than others during the War of Independence, and why did the areas of most activity change over the course of the war between 1919 and 1921? In the context of the Irish midlands, County Longford stands out as one of the most violent counties surrounded by areas where there was much less activity by the IRA. Even within the county there was a significant difference in the strength of republican activity between north and south Longford. This article will examine the factors that were responsible for the strength of the IRA campaign in this midland enclave, including socio-economic conditions, administrative decisions and failures, and the contemporary political context.
Much of the evidence upon which the paper is based comes from applications made by Longford Volunteers for military service pensions, granted to veterans of the campaign by the Irish government after 1924. Many of these documents are soon to be released by the Irish government. The paper will also include a discussion of these sources and the way in which they can be used by historians to advance our understanding of Ireland’s revolutionary decade.

An Inclusive Design Dialogue on Ethics and Aesthetics

One of the many definitions of inclusive design is that it is a user-led approach to design. To date its focus has been on ‘critical’ users, in particular disabled people. As such, there is pressure to design environments that meet the often urgent and complex demands of these users. Designers, uncertain of their knowledge, rely heavily on user input and guidance, often resulting in designs that are ‘solution’ driven (rather than solution seeking) and short term; users focus on what they need, not what they might need. This paper argues that design needs to reclaim an equal presence within inclusive design. It proposes that the ‘weakness’ of design lies in the uneasy and at times conflicting relationship between ethics and aesthetics. The paper itself is constructed around a dialogue between two academics, one concerned with critical user needs, the other with aesthetics, but both directed towards the support of design quality

Merit, Speech Disability and Discrimination

There is a substantial body of evidence – going back over decades – which indicates that the employment sphere is difficult for those who suffer a speech disability. To a large extent, I argue, this is due to the setting of merit in terms of orality and aesthetic. It also relates to the low perception of competence of the speech disabled. I argue that to be effective against discrimination the notion of merit and its assessment requires focus. ‘Merit’ as a concept in discrimination law has had its critics, yet it remains important to investigate it as social construct in order to help understand discrimination and how to counter this. For example, in this article I look at an instance where the resetting of what was viewed as ‘meritorious’ in judicial recruitment successfully improved the diversity in lower judicial posts.

Further, given the relative failure of the employment tribunal system to improve the general position of those who are disabled, I look to alternative methods of countering disability discrimination. The suggestion provided is that an enforced ombudsman type approach capable of dealing with what may be the core issue around employment discrimination (‘merit’) would provide a better mechanism for handling the general situation of disability discrimination than the tribunal system.

Workplace accommodation for older teachers in Japan and Germany: The role of the institutional context in supporting late career options for teachers with ill-health

Due to population ageing, Japan and Germany have to extend individuals´ working lives. However, disability increases with old-age. Workplace accommodation is a means to enable disabled individuals to remain productively employed. Drawing on qualitative interview data, this paper explores how School Authorities in these countries use workplace accommodation to support ill teachers, a white-collar profession strongly affected by (mental) ill-health. It furthermore explores how such measures influence older teachers´ career expectations and outcomes. It finds that even though the institutional contexts are similar, career options and expectations vary, though with similar (negative) outcomes for national strategies to extend working lives.

From Angela's Ashes to the Celtic Tiger: Early Life Conditions and Adult Health in Ireland

We use data from the Irish census and exploit regional and temporal variation in infant mortality rates over the 20th century to examine effects of early life conditions on later life health. The urban mortality penalty collapsed in Ireland in the years right after World War II. Our main identification is public health interventions centered on improved sanitation and food safety, which we believed played a leading role in eliminating the Irish urban infant mortality penalty. Our estimates suggest that a unit decrease in mortality rates at time of birth reduces the probability of being disabled as an adult by about 12–18%

Understanding the help seeking behaviour of teenagers who experience relationship abuse (dating violence) from a feminist intersectional approach.

This presentation aims to raise issues related to teenage relationship abuse (TRA-dating violence) and help seeking behaviour from an intersectional approach. Even though teenage relationship abuse has been raised as an issue since the 80’s there is still an absence of an intersectional theoretical conceptualization of TRA. Existing conceptualizations are based on incorrect assumptions of sameness of teenagers experiences of TRA which ignore the unique developmental stages of teenagers as well as youth’s diverse lived experiences due to their sexual orientation, ethnicity, class, disability as well as other structural divisions. TRA exists in a social context of inequalities. For the individual survivor, this social context is created not only through romantic relationships, but also through relationships with families, peers, friends, classmates and others. Their experiences are constructed through these relationships which form part of the social context into which TRA needs to be analysed. The analytical framework of intersectionality can provide a framework of understanding how these lived experiences are enacted and negotiated contextually. Emphasis will be given to the help seeking behaviour of diverse youths. This presentation will explore the diverse lived experiences contextually. Methods and Findings: This presentation is based on a research project in Northern Ireland currently underway, thus, it will offer a preliminary conceptualisation of TRA from an intersectional approach. The findings will be contextualized taking into account the high rate of homophobia that exists in Northern Ireland amongst other things. Conclusion/Recommendation: Intersectionality needs to be the analytical framework through which teenagers’ relationship’s experience are analysed since the lived experiences of LGTB, BME and disabled youth cannot be analysed apart from the structural divisions, social location and the context they are experienced. This presentation argues that the intersectional approach of theorizing is congruent and contributes to anti-oppressive social work practice.

The Evolution of Extreme Cooperation via Shared Dysphoric Experiences

Willingness to lay down one’s life for a group of non-kin, well documented in the
historical and ethnographic records, represents an evolutionary puzzle. Here we
present a novel explanation for the willingness to fight and die for a group, combining evolutionary theorizing with empirical evidence from real-world human groups. Building on research in social psychology, we develop a mathematical model showing how conditioning cooperation on previous shared experience can allow extreme (i.e., life-threatening) pro-social behavior to evolve. The model generates a series of predictions that we then test empirically in a range of special sample populations (including military veterans, college fraternity/sorority members, football fans, martial arts practitioners, and twins). Our results show that sharing painful experiences produces “identity fusion” – a visceral sense of oneness – more so even than bonds of kinship, in turn motivating extreme pro-group behavior, including willingness to fight and die for the group. These findings have theoretical and practical relevance. Theoretically, our results speak to the origins of human cooperation, as we offer an explanation of extremely costly actions left unexplained by existing models.
Practically, our account of how shared dysphoric experiences produce identity fusion, which produces a willingness to fight and die for a non-kin group, helps us better understand such pressing social issues as suicide terrorism, holy wars, sectarian violence, gang-related violence, and other forms of intergroup conflict.

Gerir conhecimento em centros de investigação: barreiras/facilitadores

A gestão de conhecimento é crucial para a competitividade sustentável das organizações. Todavia, a gestão do conhecimento nos centros de investigação universitários tem sido alvo de uma parca atenção nas práticas destas instituições e a literatura sobre este tema também é escassa. O objetivo deste estudo é o de identificar as barreiras e os facilitadores em quatro processos de conhecimento (aquisição; criação; partilha; transferência de conhecimento), em centros de investigação universitários. Foi feito um estudo exploratório, sendo realizadas vinte e uma entrevistas a diretores, investigadores principais e investigadores juniores, em sete centros de investigação, em duas universidades portuguesas. Os resultados obtidos são: a) as principais barreiras mencionadas pelos participantes são: fraco capital social organizacional interno; deficientes mecanismos de implementação da estratégia nacional; fraco capital social/relacional individual; fraca cultura orientada para os resultados.b) os principais facilitadores mencionados são: forte capital social organizacional externo; forte capital social organizacional interno; boas práticas de formação; forte cultura organizacional orientada para os resultados e adequada estratégia nacional. Em síntese, o estudo sugere que as variáveis de natureza individual e socioorganizacional são relevantes para a produção de conhecimento nestas organizações. A liderança dos centros de investigação tem que ter em linha de conta estes fatores críticos. Adicionalmente não pode descurar o alinhamento das tecnologias com os processos de conhecimento, visto estas serem considerados um suporte do trabalho dos investigadores. Porque as organizações são entidades porosas, é necessário ainda uma liderança atenta aos fatores contextuais para que a gestão do conhecimento seja eficaz.

Turismo acessível : recurso de coping para gerir o stress na incapacidade

As sociedades contemporâneas testemunham os efeitos negativos do stress sobre a saúde, existindo evidências empíricas do relacionamento recíproco entre stress e doença (infeciosas, crónicas, cardiovasculares, cancro) (Iwasaki & Mannell, 2000). Por outro lado, Walden (2007) sublinha que o stress varia de acordo com as circunstâncias de vida e Rode et al. (2012) acrescentam que as pessoas com incapacidade apresentam taxas mais elevadas de problemas de saúde relacionados com o stress do que a população em geral. Neste contexto, surge o lazer como mecanismo de coping, como instrumento restaurador e benéfico para a saúde (Caldwell, 2005; Wijndaele et al., 2007). Assim, considerando o turismo como uma marcante atividade recreacional em tempo de lazer na vida das pessoas, e uma oportunidade de relaxamento e interação social (Richards, et al., 2010), pensou-se na possibilidade do turismo acessível ser um recurso de coping para gerir o stress na incapacidade. É com base na atualidade e pertinência destas reflexões que se estabeleceram duas metas para este trabalho: compreender o relacionamento entre turismo, stress e coping para os indivíduos com incapacidade, e desenvolver bases empíricas para fins terapêuticos e para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos turísticos, numa lógica biopsicossocial (biológica ou física, psicológica e social). Especificamente, pretende-se identificar fontes de stress para as pessoas com incapacidade e as suas respostas de coping, e explicar como o turismo atua nas dimensões biopsicossociais do stress-coping. Para atingir estes objetivos utilizou-se uma metodologia mista, suportada por uma revisão de literatura aprofundada, que consistiu na realização de um estudo qualitativo e outro quantitativo. No primeiro, recorreu-se à técnica de focus groups para cada tipo de incapacidade em análise, motora (N=6), auditiva (N=7) e visual (N=6), e no segundo, procedeu-se à aplicação de inquéritos por questionário a pessoas com incapacidade motora e sensorial (N=306), cujo questionário consistiu na adaptação e ajuste das ECL (Escalas de Coping através do Lazer) ao contexto do Turismo Acessível. Os resultados indicam que a principal fonte de stress dos indivíduos com incapacidade é a própria incapacidade em conjugação com a sociedade, demonstrando-se a prevalência de estratégias baseadas na interação social para a resolução de problemas, em detrimento de outras. Por sua vez, apuram-se os benefícios do turismo, cujas mais-valias no âmbito das dimensões biopsicossociais destes indivíduos em particular, são também discutidas. Conclui-se, portanto, que o turismo acessível é um novo formato de stress-coping para a população com incapacidade, suportando o reequilíbrio e harmonização dos seus recursos pessoais e sociais, contribuindo positivamente para a sua saúde e bem-estar global, servindo de base ao desenvolvimento de novos produtos turísticos adequados e direcionados para as necessidades específicas desta população e ao planeamento de intervenções terapêuticas alternativas no contexto da sua reabilitação.

Saber escutar, saber incluir o cidadão com deficiência: uma investigação participativa

O presente trabalho consiste no relatório final de investigação participativa que desenvolvemos tendo como ponto de partida uma preocupação que vivenciamos diariamente, ou seja, a exploração do preconceito diretamente relacionado com as pessoas com deficiência. Sustentado na revisão bibliográfica, o primeiro capítulo focar-se-á na construção social da deficiência e do estigma, mostrando ainda a evolução do modelo de eliminação para o modelo de inclusão da deficiência. Analisa-se, ainda, a importância da escola inclusiva. Tendo como contexto uma IPSS onde trabalhamos, este projeto envolveu quatro participantes que frequentam cursos profissionais e são portadoras de deficiência. Utilizando a investigação-participativa como metodologia, a entrevista e as conversas informais como técnicas de investigação, procurámos construir conhecimento sobre a mudança da realidade através de um processo de reflexão das participantes sobre as suas próprias vidas, a expressão das suas necessidades com o intuito de gerar e reconhecer forças no coletivo e de explorar novos caminhos para a mudança no estatuto social destas mulheres. De todo este processo será dado conta no trabalho que aqui se apresenta.