Seafood inclusion in commercial main meal early years' food products

Acknowledgement We are grateful to the food manufacturers for answering queries and supplying missing nutritional information. Source of funding The study was funded by the Seafish and Interface Food and Drink as part of a Doctorate Scholarship undertaken at the University of Aberdeen. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Musical commonplace book : manuscript, [approximately 1790-approximately 1810]

Contains songs, partly from English operas, and instrumental music.

Fluid management and goal-directed therapy as an adjunct to Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)

© 2014, Canadian Anesthesiologists' Society.Optimal perioperative fluid management is an important component of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) pathways. Fluid management within ERAS should be viewed as a continuum through the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases. Each phase is important for improving patient outcomes, and suboptimal care in one phase can undermine best practice within the rest of the ERAS pathway. The goal of preoperative fluid management is for the patient to arrive in the operating room in a hydrated and euvolemic state. To achieve this, prolonged fasting is not recommended, and routine mechanical bowel preparation should be avoided. Patients should be encouraged to ingest a clear carbohydrate drink two to three hours before surgery. The goals of intraoperative fluid management are to maintain central euvolemia and to avoid excess salt and water. To achieve this, patients undergoing surgery within an enhanced recovery protocol should have an individualized fluid management plan. As part of this plan, excess crystalloid should be avoided in all patients. For low-risk patients undergoing low-risk surgery, a “zero-balance” approach might be sufficient. In addition, for most patients undergoing major surgery, individualized goal-directed fluid therapy (GDFT) is recommended. Ultimately, however, the additional benefit of GDFT should be determined based on surgical and patient risk factors. Postoperatively, once fluid intake is established, intravenous fluid administration can be discontinued and restarted only if clinically indicated. In the absence of other concerns, detrimental postoperative fluid overload is not justified and “permissive oliguria” could be tolerated.

The association between parental attitudes and alcohol consumption and adolescent alcohol consumption in Southern Ireland: a cross-sectional study

Background: Alcohol plays a complex role in society. A recent study showed that over half of Irish adults drink hazardously. Adolescents report increased levels of alcohol consumption. Previous research has inferred the influence of the parent on their adolescent. Thus, the aim of the current study was to investigate the association between adolescent alcohol consumption and their parent’s consumption pattern and attitude toward alcohol use in Southern Ireland. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken in November 2014. This involved distributing a survey to adolescents (n = 982) in their final two years of second level education and at least one of their parents from a local electorate area in Southern Ireland. This survey included: alcohol use, self- reported height and weight, smoking status, mental health and well-being along with attitudinal questions. Chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression were utilised. Results: A 37 % response rate was achieved. Over one-third (34.2 %) of adolescents and 47 % of parents surveyed reported hazardous drinking. Over 90 % of parents disagreed with allowing their adolescent to get drunk and rejected the idea that getting drunk is part of having fun as an adolescent. The majority (79.5 %) of parents surveyed believed that their alcohol consumption pattern set a good example for their adolescent. Multivariate logistic regression highlights the association between adolescent hazardous alcohol consumption and hazardous drinking by the father. Furthermore either parent permitting their adolescent to drink alcohol on special occasions was associated with hazardous alcohol consumption in the adolescent. Conclusion: The findings of this research notes a liberal attitude to alcohol and increased levels of consumption by the parent are linked to hazardous adolescent drinking behaviour. Future action plans aimed at combatting adolescent hazardous alcohol consumption should also be aimed at tackling parents’ attitudes towards and consumption of alcohol.

Evaluating statistical and machine learning methods to predict risk of in-hospital child mortality in Uganda

Thesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2016-08

The Effect of Water Consumption on Schoolchildren's Fine Motor Skills, Cognitive Function and Mood

Previous research has suggested that dehydration may have a negative effect on some aspects of mood, cognitive performance and motor skills (Benton, 2011). Furthermore, a large proportion of children arrive at school in a dehydrated state (Baron, Courbebaisse, Lepicard, & Friedlander, 2015). The present work investigated whether supplementing children with water may, as a consequence of reducing dehydration, improve their cognitive performance and motor skills. In studies 1, 2, 3 and 5, it was found that tasks that predominantly tested motor skills, were improved in children who had a drink, compared to those who did not. Furthermore, study 3 showed that this effect was moderated by hydration status. One theoretical explanation for the poorer performance of dehydrated children is that they may lack the neurological resources to sustain their effort and thus performance does not improve over time. In support of this, these studies showed that, when re-hydrated, performance on these tasks improves to the level of non-dehydrated children. Study 2 showed that the number of errors increased in a StopSignal task in children that had high self-rated levels of thirst, compared to low levels: and hydration status did not moderate this effect. A possible explanation for the increased number of errors in children with high self-rated thirst is that the thirst sensation diverts attention away from the task, causing task performance to deteriorate. In study 4, it was observed that there was a large variation in intra-individual and inter-individual hydration scores throughout the day, which was not related to volume drank or levels of thirst. Further studies should use imaging techniques to study brain activity during dehydration and rehydration, and during periods of high thirst, to help to further elucidate the mechanism underlying the negative effect of dehydration on motor performance, and the effect of self-rated thirst on attention.

May the Giant Be With You: Twin Peaks Season Two, Episode One and the Television Auteur

The premiere of Season Two of Twin Peaks garnered some of the highest ratings of the series, with celebrated filmmaker and co-creator David Lynch stepping back into the director’s chair. Yet, within this episode many traditional television conventions are flouted, and in response the following week the ratings dropped dramatically. From its slow-paced opening scenes in which an old man admonishes the wounded, bleeding protagonist to drink his warm milk before it gets cold, followed by a vision of a giant speaking in riddles, this episode not only tested its audience’s patience but also seemed to set out to deliberately confuse them. In this essay I will explore how this episode is an example of auteur television, an episode in which the director expresses a consistency of style and theme that is similar to their other work, as well as examine how Lynch’s approach to televisual aesthetics has influenced the way that contemporary film directors have crossed over into the television medium. However, when taking into account the differences in the two media of film and television notions of authorship, with regards to the position of the director, become complicated, especially when considering contemporary television and the rise of the showrunner as key creative force. Even when looking back at Lynch’s contribution to Twin Peaks it becomes clear that the series was deeply collaborative, with Lynch absent during parts of the filming. Yet, when examining the extensive material that has been written about Twin Peaks there is still a continuing tendency to place Lynch as the sole author. The placement of Lynch as author can be argued in relation to the episodes he directed (as will be explored below in relation to the first episode of Season Two), but cannot be attributed to him alone when considering the series as a whole. Finally, I will discuss how the figure of the television auteur has become a central element of television reception rather than production, an integral part of a viewer’s search for narrative meaning in a medium where complexity and mystery are now expected and enjoyed. Just as fans scrambled to uncover the many secrets and mysteries of Twin Peaks by looking to Lynch’s other works for answers, a similar process is experienced by fans of television shows existing today.

Ce qui nous rassemble autour de la "dernière bière" : vivre le feeling du moment en Beauce (Québec)

Cette thèse propose une lecture anthropologique de la consommation d’alcool. Elle met de l’avant une approche novatrice qui repose sur le concept de « métaphysique du quasi- arrêt ». Cette approche a été développée à la suite d’une recherche ethnographique réalisée dans la région de la Beauce, au Québec. Au lieu de considérer la consommation d’alcool comme un problème social ou de santé publique, j’ai cherché à comprendre comment et pourquoi l’on boit, en Beauce, en me laissant guider par les buveurs et les buveuses côtoyés sur place. En prenant part à de nombreuses soirées où la bière est omniprésente, que ce soit dans les garages, les bars ou l’aréna local, je me suis laissé affecter par les sensations ressenties et par les paroles prononcées lorsque les buveurs éprouvent ce qu’ils appellent le « feeling du moment ». En prenant du recul, j’ai constaté que les Beaucerons qui boivent ont développé des stratégies défensives pour échapper à la tentative de contrôle de la société québécoise sur leurs conduites alcooliques et, plus largement, sur l’alcoolisme. En effet, dans la perspective de la « métaphysique du quasi-arrêt », la quantité de verres consommés n’a d’importance qu’eu égard au « feeling du moment »; les normes culturelles ou médicales liées à la consommation d’alcool ne tiennent pas, et c’est pourquoi cette approche permet d’expliquer des discours et des pratiques liés à la consommation d’alcool qui, à première vue, semblent paradoxaux, voire complètement absurdes. Pour bien montrer en quoi l’approche mise de l’avant se distingue, mais surtout pour expliquer comment la consommation excessive d’alcool en est venue à représenter, en anthropologie comme dans d’autres disciplines, une pratique problématique qu’il faut comprendre pour la combattre, une première partie de la thèse consiste en une mise en perspective historique de l’alcoolisme en tant que concept scientifique et enjeu de société. Y sont passées en revue les approches et concepts développés, depuis la fin du XVIIe siècle, par des médecins, des psychologues, des économistes, des sociologues et des anthropologues euro-américains pour aborder ce genre de consommation. Je suggère que ces scientifiques mènent, depuis plus de deux siècles, une véritable croisade contre les « buveurs excessifs ». Collaborant avec l’État, les mouvements de tempérance et les entreprises privées, ils ont contribué à contenir les abus d’alcool en Occident. Dans la seconde partie de la thèse, l’ethnographie sert de support au déploiement de la perspective théorique développée à l’issue du travail de terrain. Il s’agit d’analyser comment les buveurs d’alcool vivent et font durer le « feeling du moment » au cours du boire social. Sur le terrain, j’ai découvert que les buveurs d’alcool ont inventé onze stratégies pour vivre et faire durer le « feeling du moment » en consommant de l’alcool avec les autres. Ces stratégies constituent une forme de résistance face à une société qui cherche à contrôler les conduites alcooliques.

Physicochemical characterisation of protein ingredients prepared from milk by ultrafiltration or microfiltration for application in formulated nutritional products

Formulated food systems are becoming more sophisticated as demand grows for the design of structural and nutritional profiles targeted at increasingly specific demographics. Milk protein is an important bio- and techno-functional component of such formulations, which include infant formula, sports supplements, clinical beverages and elderly nutrition products. This thesis outlines research into ingredients that are key to the development of these products, namely milk protein concentrate (MPC), milk protein isolate (MPI), micellar casein concentrate (MCC), β-casein concentrate (BCC) and serum protein concentrate (SPC). MPC powders ranging from 37 to 90% protein (solids basis) were studied for properties of relevance to handling and storage of powders, powder solubilisation and thermal processing of reconstituted MPCs. MPC powders with ≥80% protein were found to have very poor flowability and high compressibility; in addition, these high-protein MPCs exhibited poor wetting and dispersion characteristics during rehydration in water. Heat stability studies on unconcentrated (3.5%, 140°C) and concentrated (8.5%, 120°C) MPC suspensions, showed that suspensions prepared from high-protein MPCs coagulated much more rapidly than lower protein MPCs. β-casein ingredients were developed using membrane processing. Enrichment of β-casein from skim milk was performed at laboratory-scale using ‘cold’ microfiltration (MF) at <4°C with either 1000 kDa molecular weight cut-off or 0.1 µm pore-size membranes. At pilot-scale, a second ‘warm’ MF step at 26°C was incorporated for selective purification of micellised β-casein from whey proteins; using this approach, BCCs with β-casein purity of up to 80% (protein basis) were prepared, with the whey protein purity of the SPC co-product reaching ~90%. The BCC ingredient could prevent supersaturated solutions of calcium phosphate (CaP) from precipitating, although the amorphous CaP formed created large micelles that were less thermo-reversible than those in CaP-free systems. Another co-product of BCC manufacture, MCC powder, was shown to have superior rehydration characteristics compared to traditional MCCs. The findings presented in this thesis constitute a significant advance in the research of milk protein ingredients, in terms of optimising their preparation by membrane filtration, preventing their destabilisation during processing and facilitating their effective incorporation into nutritional formulations designed for consumers of a specific age, lifestyle or health status

Picasso y Cornuty. La absenta como adicción cambiosecular europea

Electricity coined the nightlife in the European capital par excellence in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century: Paris. Under the artificial reflection dandies, elegant workers, and bohemians flocked to the new playground. Painters, converted to urban chroniclers, show pictorial modernity and vitality; in the canvas of Manet, Toulouse-Lautrec, Degas or Jean Béraud we see a common element: the glass of absinthe on the table. The absinthe took sacrosanct dyes in the daily living of Parisian habitants and became an indispensable ritual to Henri Albert Cornuty, a poet who was part of the Madrid bohemian and in the gallery of disinherited that Picasso painted in blue stage. A writer and a painter that bring us to the drink-image of the intelligentsia of the time; this elixir was attributed with hypnotic, aphrodisiac and hallucinogenic powers; the myth of absinthe was part of the imaginary Paris at end of the century, an iconography that continues shaping identity in the twenty-first century.

Dietary restraint and subjective well-being in university students in Chile

Objective: To characterize university students typologies according to chronic food restriction, satisfaction with life and food consumption. Materials and method: A questionnaire was applied on a non-probability sample of 369 male and female students from five Chilean universities. The questionnaire included: Revised Restraint Scale (RRS), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Satisfaction with Food-related Life (SWFL) and the Health-related Quality of Life Index. The survey included food and drink consumption habits, weight and approximate height and sociodemographic variables. Results: Two factors in the RRS were detected by exploratory factor analysis: Preoccupation with Diet (PD) and Weight fluctuations (WF). A confirmatory factor analysis validated the bifactor structure of the RRS with an acceptable adjustment kindness. The cluster analysis allowed a distinction of four typologies with a significant variation in PD, WF, SWLS and SWFL scoring, number of days with mental health problems, frequency of alcoholic drinks consumption, restraint on the consumption of certain foods, drinks and spices, consumption frequency of fruit out of the main meals and types. Typologies did not differ on their body mass index. Conclusions: Both, students preoccupied with diet and those who are not, experience higher levels of satisfaction with life and with food. Lower levels of global life satisfaction and satisfaction with food are related with the fluctuations in weight.

PERFIL DOS FREQUENTADORES DAS ACADEMIAS DE GINÁSTICA DE UM MUNICÍPIO DO RIO GRANDE DO SUL

Objetivo: Traçar o perfil dos frequentadores das academias de ginástica do município de Canguçu-RS. Métodos: Estudo transversal, de caráter descritivo, com 177 frequentadores de academias de diversas modalidades. Utilizou-se um questionário estruturado, contendo 76 questões para mensurar variáveis sociodemograficas, antropométricas, nutricionais e comportamentais, além de informações relacionadas às praticas nas academias. Realizouse análise descritiva dos dados, com cálculo de médias ± desvios-padrão para as variáveis contínuas e cálculo de proporções para as variáveis categóricas. Resultados: Participaram 177 frequentadores das academias na cidade de Canguçu-RS (30±12,5 anos; 70,0±12,8 kg; 1,69±0,1m). Com relação às variáveis comportamentais, a maioria nunca fumou (71,8%), não bebia exageradamente (89,9%) e era ativa no lazer (87%). No tocante às variáveis nutricionais, 66,7% tinham índice de massa corporal normal e a maioria não alcançava as recomendações de consumo diário de frutas, verduras e legumes, e não usava suplementos (69,5%). No que diz respeito às variáveis relacionadas à academia, a maioria dos respondentes frequentava há mais de 12 meses (56,5%), quatro ou mais vezes por semana (52%), à noite (52,5%), relatando que o principal motivo para ir à academia foi permanecer saudável (78%). Os praticantes afirmaram satisfação com os objetivos alcançados (60%) e praticavam a modalidade de musculação (97,2%). Conclusão: A maioria dos frequentadores das academias era do sexo masculino, jovem, ativa no lazer, praticava a modalidade de musculação e estava satisfeita com os resultados buscados nas academias. Apesar disso, são necessárias estratégias de mudança de comportamento em relação ao consumo de frutas, verduras e legumes.

Conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes escolarizados que frecuentan los bares y discotecas de la “Calle Larga”, Cuenca 2014.

OBJETIVO: El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar las conductas de riesgo de los adolescentes escolarizados que frecuentan los bares y discotecas de la “Calle Larga” de la ciudad de Cuenca (Calle del Centro Histórico, donde se sitúa la mayor cantidad de centros de diversión nocturna). MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, de tipo cuantitativo, transversal. Incluye un universo de 307 adolescentes, del Cantón Cuenca en el año 2014. (1) Los datos fueron recolectados mediante un formulario validado, que fue aplicado previo asentimiento y/o consentimiento informado de los adolescentes entre 10 y 19 años que acuden a “La Calle Larga” los días viernes y sábados durante el mes de Mayo del año 2014. RESULTADOS: En el estudio encontramos que el 67,75% de adolescentes ingiere alcohol, el 28,66% fuma cigarrillo y el 8.79% fuma marihuana, siendo ésta la sustancia ilícita de elección. CONCLUSIONES: La prevalencia de consumo para alcohol, cigarrillo y otras drogas en los adolescentes que asisten a sitios de diversión nocturna en la “Calle Larga”, Cuenca mayo 2014, fue mayor en la adolescencia tardía y constituyen conductas de riesgo la compañía de los amigos. PALABRAS CLAVE: ADOLESCENCIA, ALCOHOL, CIGARRILLO, OTRAS DROGAS.

Avaliação de hábitos de consumo e adequação nutricional de refeições rápidas cuja base é o pão

As rápidas alterações sociais, económicas, culturais e ambientais determinaram mudanças significativas nos estilos de vida e contribuíram para o crescimento e generalização do consumo de alimentos e refeições fora de casa. Portugal acompanha a tendência de aumento do consumo alimentar fora de casa, assim, as refeições fora de casa, que há uns anos eram um acontecimento fortuito, são hoje uma prática habitual das famílias portuguesas, não só durante a semana de trabalho, mas também nos fins-de-semana. As, visitas aos centros comerciais que se tornaram um hábito no nosso país incluem uma paragem nas Praças de Alimentação, espaços de excelência pela diversidade alimentar onde predominam as refeições de fast-food. Porém é fundamental a escolha adequada/equilibrada dos alimentos que se vão consumir. O presente trabalho procurou avaliar os hábitos e percepção dos consumidores de refeições rápidas com base numa ementa específica cujo alimento principal é o pão. Posteriormente e de acordo com as preferências de consumo procedeu-se à avaliação nutricional das escolhas. Neste estudo participaram 150 indivíduos que frequentaram as instalações de um restaurante de comida rápida situada na praça de alimentação de um centro comercial situado em Viseu. Foi aplicado um questionário de autopreenchimento, por nós elaborado dividido em 4 partes: caracterização sociodemográfica; hábitos de consumo dos inquiridos; produtos escolhidos pelos inquiridos; grau de satisfação face aos produtos escolhidos. As análises estatísticas foram efectuadas com recurso ao Programa informático Statistical Package for the Social Sciences - SPSS® for Windows, versão 22. Realizam-se testes de Qui-quadrado com simulação de Monte Carlo, considerando o nível de significância de 0,05. Com base nas escolhas mais frequentes feitas pelos inquiridos procedeu-se à avaliação nutricional dos menus recorrendo ao programa DIAL 1.19 versão 1 e quando não se encontrou informação neste utilizou-se a tabela de composição de alimentos portugueses on line (INSA, 2010). Compararam-se os valores obtidos para o Valor Calórico Total, os macronutrientes, a fibra, o colesterol e o sódio com as Doses Diárias Recomendadas. A amostra era composta por 68,7% mulheres e 31,3% homens, com uma média de idades de 29,9 ± 3 anos e, maioritariamente empregados (64,7%). O grau de instrução da maioria dos inquiridos (54,7%) era o ensino superior. Grande parte da amostra não se considera consumidora habitual de fast-food,referindo ainda efectuar frequentemente uma alimentação equilibrada. Sendo que apenas 5 % frequenta as instalações mais de uma vez por semana. De entre os produtos disponíveis, a preferência fez-se pela sandes e batata-frita, sendo o momento de maior consumo o almoçoA avaliação nutricional das escolhas preferenciais dos inquiridos mostrou que o VCT do menu que inclui água como bebida está dentro dos limites calóricos preconizados para o almoço excepção feita ao menu que inclui sandes quente de frango em pão de orégãos e sandes fria de queijo fresco que se destacam por apresentar um valor inferior ao limite mínimo recomendado. Pelo contrário, a inclusão no menu do refrigerante faz com que haja um aumento do VCT, independentemente da sandes considerada, em 18%. Uma análise detalhada mostra que estas ementas são desequilibradas, apresentando 33,3% delas valores de proteínas superiores à DDR enquanto que os valores de HC e lípidos se encontram maioritariamente dentro dos limites havendo apenas 13,3% das ementas fora desses valores. Relativamente ao aporte de fibra e de sódio 86,7% das ementas aparecem desenquadradas com valores excessivos de sódio e valores de fibra 33% abaixo do limite mínimo recomendado. Tratando-se de um estudo de caso em que apenas se inclui um único restaurante de uma praça de alimentação, que fornece ementas à base de pão (sandes) os resultados são interpretados de forma cautelosa e sem generalização. Podemos no entanto concluir, face aos resultados obtidos a necessidade de redução do teor de sal das ementas. Para além disso parece-nos fundamental, para que o consumidor possa comparar opções alimentares e tomar decisões informadas, a disponibilização da informação nutricional das ementas propostas.