How Firms Make Friends: Communities in Private-Collective Innovation

When firms contribute to open source projects, they in fact invest into public goods which may be used by everyone, even by their competitors. This seemingly paradoxical behavior can be explained by the model of private-collective innovation where private investors participate in collective action. Previous literature has shown that companies benefit through the production process providing them with unique incentives such as learning and reputation effects. By contributing to open source projects firms are able to build a network of external individuals and organizations participating in the creation and development of the software. As will be shown in this doctoral dissertation firm-sponsored communities involve the formation of interorganizational relationships which eventually may lead to a source of sustained competitive advantage. However, managing a largely independent open source community is a challenging balancing act between exertion of control to appropriate value creation, and openness in order to gain and preserve credibility and motivate external contributions. Therefore, this dissertation consisting of an introductory chapter and three separate research papers analyzes characteristics of firm-driven open source communities, finds reasons why and mechanisms by which companies facilitate the creation of such networks, and shows how firms can benefit most from their communities.

Adjustment Disorders Are Uniquely Suited for eHealth Interventions: Concept and Case Study

Background: Adjustment disorders (also known as mental distress in response to a stressor) are among the most frequently diagnosed mental disorders in psychiatry and clinical psychology worldwide. They are also commonly diagnosed in clients engaging in deliberate self-harm and in those consulting general practitioners. However, their reputation in research-oriented mental health remains weak since they are largely underresearched. This may change when the International Statistical Classification of Diseases-11 (ICD-11) by the World Health Organization is introduced, including a new conceptualization of adjustment disorders as a stress-response disorder with positively defined core symptoms. Objective: This paper provides an overview of evidence-based interventions for adjustment disorders. Methods: We reviewed the new ICD-11 concept of adjustment disorder and discuss the the rationale and case study of an unguided self-help protocol for burglary victims with adjustment disorder, and its possible implementation as an eHealth intervention. Results: Overall, the treatment with the self-help manual reduced symptoms of adjustment disorder, namely preoccupation and failure to adapt, as well as symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: E-mental health options are considered uniquely suited for offering early intervention after the experiences of stressful life events that potentially trigger adjustment disorders.

The Economics of Citation

In this paper, we study the citation decision of a scientific author. By citing a related work, authors can make their arguments more persuasive. We call this the correlation effect. But if authors cite other work, they may give the impression that they think the cited work is more competent than theirs. We call this the reputation effect. These two effects may be the main sources of citation bias. We empirically show that there is a citation bias in Economics by using data from RePEc. We also report how the citation bias differs across regions (U.S., Europe and Asia).

Computer Simulation of Crowd Dynamics and Destructive Crowd Behavior

The social processes that lead to destructive behavior in celebratory crowds can be studied through an agent-based computer simulation. Riots are an increasingly common outcome of sports celebrations, and pose the potential for harm to participants, bystanders, property, and the reputation of the groups with whom participants are associated. Rioting cannot necessarily be attributed to the negative emotions of individuals, such as anger, rage, frustration and despair. For instance, the celebratory behavior (e.g., chanting, cheering, singing) during UConn’s “Spring Weekend” and after the 2004 NCAA Championships resulted in several small fires and overturned cars. Further, not every individual in the area of a riot engages in violence, and those who do, do not do so continuously. Instead, small groups carry out the majority of violent acts in relatively short-lived episodes. Agent-based computer simulations are an ideal method for modeling complex group-level social phenomena, such as celebratory gatherings and riots, which emerge from the interaction of relatively “simple” individuals. By making simple assumptions about individuals’ decision-making and behaviors and allowing actors to affect one another, behavioral patterns emerge that cannot be predicted by the characteristics of individuals. The computer simulation developed here models celebratory riot behavior by repeatedly evaluating a single algorithm for each individual, the inputs of which are affected by the characteristics of nearby actors. Specifically, the simulation assumes that (a) actors possess 1 of 5 distinct social identities (group memberships), (b) actors will congregate with actors who possess the same identity, (c) the degree of social cohesion generated in the social context determines the stability of relationships within groups, and (d) actors’ level of aggression is affected by the aggression of other group members. Not only does this simulation provide a systematic investigation of the effects of the initial distribution of aggression, social identification, and cohesiveness on riot outcomes, but also an analytic tool others may use to investigate, visualize and predict how various individual characteristics affect emergent crowd behavior.

The impact of communication and cultural diversity in utilizing dental services among Saudi Arabian students in U.S.A.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to understand the perceived effects of patient-dental staff communication and cultural diversity on the utilization of dental services in the U.S. by Saudi Arabian students who live in the U.S. and enrolled into the King Abdullah Scholarship program. Methods: The study design was an analytical cross-sectional study. Data for this study was obtained from the Saudi Dental Servicers Utilization Survey, a voluntary internet survey available online for one month through Facebook. Ordered logistic regression analyses and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to measure the relationships between patient-dental staff communication and cultural diversity on the utilization of dental services. Results: Eight hundred and forty-seven responses were analyzed for this study. Overall, the majority of Saudi students reported having excellent communication experience with dental providers in the U.S. More than 58% of respondents reported at least one regular dental visit last year. Factors that influenced the use of regular dental care were: dentist's explanation of treatment plan, response of dental staff to patient's needs, respectful and polite dental staff, dental staff kindness, availability of up-to-date equipment, and overall communication with dentist. However, the utilization of emergency dental care was not associated with any measurement of patient-dental provider communication. Overall future utilization of dental care is associated with all aspects of patient-dental staff communication measured in this survey. Furthermore, more utilization of regular dental care was related to respondent's perception of the importance of trustworthiness dental staff and the importance of a dentist's reputation was only marginally associated. Respondent's perception of dentist's reputation was associated with more use of emergency dental services. Respondents are more likely to anticipate using dental care in the future if they perceived trustworthiness dental staff, and the dentist's reputation as influencing factors to their usage of dental services. Conclusions: Patient-dental staff communication was partially associated with utilization of regular dental care, not associated with utilization of emergency dental care, and broadly associated with anticipated future utilization of dental care. In addition, trustworthy dental staff, and a dentist's reputation were considered to be strong influencing factors towards utilization of dental services.^

Historia de un joven músico belga : anécdotas y testimonios sobre Julio Perceval en Bruselas y en Buenos Aires

Este artículo está dedicado a Julio Perceval (1903-1963) músico de origen belga que se radicó en la Argentina en 1926. Se ha enfocado en las etapas de su formación en Bruselas y su desarrollo profesional en Buenos Aires por medio de testimonios aportados por quienes compartieron el periodo de búsquedas juveniles del compositor. Para reconstruir el ambiente musical en la etapa belga han sido consultados trabajos de Robert Wangermée, en tanto que para conocer sus relaciones con colegas e intérpretes en Buenos Aires se ha contado con material del Archivo donado por la familia del músico a la Facultad de Artes y Diseño de la UNCuyo.

Et certe opera Deus facit mediantibus causis secundis : Fray Luis de León y la determinación del derecho

Luis de León es una de las figuras más importantes de la llamada Escolástica salmantina. En su obra, que marca el culmen de la escuela agustina del siglo XVI, se reúnen los más diversos oficios (jurista, prosista, teólogo, poeta, etc.) y las más distintas tradiciones de pensamiento (tomismo, nominalismo, humanismo, etc.). Su trabajo como teórico del derecho, que es el que aquí se procura destacar, se ha visto ensombrecido, aparentemente, por su renombre como literato y místico. Esto, sin embargo, no significa que su reflexión iusfilosófica sea de poca entidad. Todo lo contrario, las ideas jurídicas del pensador español representan una de las piezas más importantes de la Escuela teológica de Salamanca

La Imprenta de Martín Biedma (1872-1910)

Establecida en 1872, la imprenta de Martín Biedma se convirtió pronto en uno de los talleres gráficos porteños más importantes entre el último cuarto del siglo XIX y el Centenario, y logró reputación por la calidad de sus impresiones. Su crecimiento se dio en un momento de auge de la industria del libro en Buenos Aires, en que se implementaron cambios que modernizaron el oficio del tipógrafo y los talleres de impresión. La primera edición de Potpourri (1882), de Eugenio Cambaceres, es evaluada en relación con el desarrollo y las características de la imprenta y el período

Et certe opera Deus facit mediantibus causis secundis : Fray Luis de León y la determinación del derecho

Luis de León es una de las figuras más importantes de la llamada Escolástica salmantina. En su obra, que marca el culmen de la escuela agustina del siglo XVI, se reúnen los más diversos oficios (jurista, prosista, teólogo, poeta, etc.) y las más distintas tradiciones de pensamiento (tomismo, nominalismo, humanismo, etc.). Su trabajo como teórico del derecho, que es el que aquí se procura destacar, se ha visto ensombrecido, aparentemente, por su renombre como literato y místico. Esto, sin embargo, no significa que su reflexión iusfilosófica sea de poca entidad. Todo lo contrario, las ideas jurídicas del pensador español representan una de las piezas más importantes de la Escuela teológica de Salamanca

Et certe opera Deus facit mediantibus causis secundis : Fray Luis de León y la determinación del derecho

Luis de León es una de las figuras más importantes de la llamada Escolástica salmantina. En su obra, que marca el culmen de la escuela agustina del siglo XVI, se reúnen los más diversos oficios (jurista, prosista, teólogo, poeta, etc.) y las más distintas tradiciones de pensamiento (tomismo, nominalismo, humanismo, etc.). Su trabajo como teórico del derecho, que es el que aquí se procura destacar, se ha visto ensombrecido, aparentemente, por su renombre como literato y místico. Esto, sin embargo, no significa que su reflexión iusfilosófica sea de poca entidad. Todo lo contrario, las ideas jurídicas del pensador español representan una de las piezas más importantes de la Escuela teológica de Salamanca

La Imprenta de Martín Biedma (1872-1910)

Establecida en 1872, la imprenta de Martín Biedma se convirtió pronto en uno de los talleres gráficos porteños más importantes entre el último cuarto del siglo XIX y el Centenario, y logró reputación por la calidad de sus impresiones. Su crecimiento se dio en un momento de auge de la industria del libro en Buenos Aires, en que se implementaron cambios que modernizaron el oficio del tipógrafo y los talleres de impresión. La primera edición de Potpourri (1882), de Eugenio Cambaceres, es evaluada en relación con el desarrollo y las características de la imprenta y el período

Et certe opera Deus facit mediantibus causis secundis : Fray Luis de León y la determinación del derecho

Luis de León es una de las figuras más importantes de la llamada Escolástica salmantina. En su obra, que marca el culmen de la escuela agustina del siglo XVI, se reúnen los más diversos oficios (jurista, prosista, teólogo, poeta, etc.) y las más distintas tradiciones de pensamiento (tomismo, nominalismo, humanismo, etc.). Su trabajo como teórico del derecho, que es el que aquí se procura destacar, se ha visto ensombrecido, aparentemente, por su renombre como literato y místico. Esto, sin embargo, no significa que su reflexión iusfilosófica sea de poca entidad. Todo lo contrario, las ideas jurídicas del pensador español representan una de las piezas más importantes de la Escuela teológica de Salamanca

La Imprenta de Martín Biedma (1872-1910)

Establecida en 1872, la imprenta de Martín Biedma se convirtió pronto en uno de los talleres gráficos porteños más importantes entre el último cuarto del siglo XIX y el Centenario, y logró reputación por la calidad de sus impresiones. Su crecimiento se dio en un momento de auge de la industria del libro en Buenos Aires, en que se implementaron cambios que modernizaron el oficio del tipógrafo y los talleres de impresión. La primera edición de Potpourri (1882), de Eugenio Cambaceres, es evaluada en relación con el desarrollo y las características de la imprenta y el período

Development of broiler integration in Peru

Production and consumption of broiler meat has expanded rapidly in Peru since the 1990s. This rapid expansion was possible due to technological changes in production as well as integration of various stages of production, such as breeding farms, hatcheries, feed mills and grow-out farms by so-called broiler integrators. However, there are some distinguishing characteristics in Peruvian broiler integration that differ from those in developed countries. One is the truncated scope of integration, in which the slaughtering and processing stages are not integrated. The other is that not slaughtering and processing companies, but grow-out farms have become the principal broiler integrators. This paper analyzes the factors associated with these characteristics.