Effects of cigarette smoke exposure on pregnancy outcome and offspring of diabetic rats

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Oxidative stress status and lipid profiles of diabetic pregnant rats exposed to cigarette smoke

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Genotoxicity Evaluation in Severe or Mild Diabetic Pregnancy in Laboratory Animals

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Treatment with Azadirachta indica in diabetic pregnant rats: Negative effects on maternal outcome

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of melatonin on the oxidative metabolism of colostrum phagocytes of diabetic women

Aim: the aim of this study was verified the ability of melatonin hormone to modulate the oxidative metabolism of colostral phagocytes from diabetic mothers. Methods: based on 100g-OGTT and glucose profile analysis subjects were allocated into two groups: Non-diabetic (ND-10) and Diabetic (DM-8). Cells were separated by a Ficoll-Paque gradient and the oxidative metabolism was available thought superoxide release by colostrum phagocytes using the cytochrome C method. Results: melatonin hormone increased superoxide release by colostrum phagocytes of ND and decreased these release in colostrum phagocytes of DM mothers. Conclusion: the results suggest that the melatonin hormone can modulate the oxidative metabolism of phagocytes and an existence of relationship between control of glucose metabolism and melatonin action in colostrum phagocytes.

Effects of exposure to cigarette smoke prior to pregnancy in diabetic rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Histopathological placental lesions in mild gestational hyperglycemic and diabetic women

Objective: To investigate and compare the incidence of histopathological placental lesions in mild gestational hyperglycemia, gestational diabetes and overt diabetes at term and preterm gestation.Research design and methods: One-hundred-and-thirty-one placental samples were collected from Diabetes mellitus (DM) positive screened patients. Two diagnostic tests, glycemic profile and 100 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in parallel identified 4 groups normoglycemic, mild gestational hyperglycemia (MGH), gestational DM (GDM) or overt DM (DM). Placental tissue specimens and sections from 4 groups were obtained by uniform random sampling and stained with hematoxylin-eosin.Results: Placentas from MGH group presented 17 types of histopathological change and higher rates of syncytial nodes and endarteritis. GDM placentas presented only nine types of histopathological change, high rates of dysmaturity, low rates of calcification and no syncytial nodes. Overt DM placentas showed 22 types of histopathological change, 21 of which were present in the preterm period. There were histopathological similarities between MGH and DM placentas, but the former exhibited a higher incidence of endarteritis, which has been described as a post-mortem phenomenon.Conclusion: Our results confirmed that the distinct placental changes associated with DM and MGH depend on gestational period during which the diabetic insult occurs. It may reasonably be inferred that subclinical maternal hyperglycemia during pregnancy, as showed in MGH group, is responsible for increased placental endarteritis, a postmortem lesion in the live fetus.

Transfer of Maternal Immunity to Newborns of Diabetic Mothers

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of Ginkgo biloba on the reproductive outcome and oxidative stress biomarkers of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ginkgo biloba treatment (EGb 761, 200 mg kg-1 day-1) administered from day 0 to 20 of pregnancy on maternal reproductive performance and on the maternal and fetal liver antioxidant systems of streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar rats. on day 21 of pregnancy, the adult rats (weighing approximately 250 ± 50 g, minimum number = 13/group) were anesthetized to obtain maternal and fetal liver samples for superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total glutathione (GSH-t) determinations. The uterus was weighed with its contents. The diabetic (G3) and treated diabetic (G4) groups of rats presented significant maternal hyperglycemia, reduced term pregnancy rate, impaired maternal reproductive outcome and fetal-placental development, decreased GSH-Px (G3 = G4 = 0.6 ± 0.2) and SOD (G3 = 223.0 ± 84.7; G4 = 146.1 ± 40.8), and decreased fetal CAT activity (G3 = 22.4 ± 10.6; G4 = 34.4 ± 14.1) and GSH-t (G3 = G4 = 0.3 ± 0.2), compared to the non-diabetic groups (G1, untreated control; G2, treated). For G1, maternal GSH-Px = 0.9 ± 0.2 and SOD = 274.1 ± 80.3; fetal CAT = 92.6 ± 82.7 and GSH-t = 0.6 ± 0.5. For G2, G. biloba treatment caused no toxicity and did not modify maternal or fetal-placental data. EGb 761 at the nontoxic dose used (200 mg kg-1 day-1), failed to modify the diabetes-associated increase in maternal glycemia, decrease in pregnancy rate, decrease in antioxidant enzymes, and impaired fetal development when the rats were treated throughout pregnancy (21 days).

Metabolic Profile of Offspring from Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Mentha piperita (Peppermint)

This study aimed at evaluating glycemia and lipid profile of offspring from diabetic Wistar rats treated with Mentha piperita (peppermint) juice. Male offspring from nondiabetic dams (control group: 10 animals treated with water and 10 treated with peppermint juice) and from dams with streptozotocin-induced severe diabetes (diabetic group: 10 animals treated with water and 10 treated with peppermint juice) were used. They were treated during 30 days, and, after the treatment period, levels of glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and fractions were analyzed in the adult phase. The offspring from diabetic dams treated with peppermint showed significantly reduced levels of glucose, cholesterol, LDL-c, and triglycerides and significant increase in HDL-c levels. The use of the M. piperita juice has potential as culturally appropriate strategy to aid in the prevention of DM, dyslipidemia, and its complications.

Evaluation of Glycemic and Lipid Profile of Offspring of Diabetic Wistar Rats Treated with Malpighia emarginata Juice

Knowing that maternal diabetes is related to hyperglycemia and fetal hyperinsulinemia, which affect the lipid metabolism, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of Malpighia emarginata (acerola) juice on the glycemic and lipid profile of offspring of diabetic and nondiabetic Wistar rats. The adult offspring of non-diabetic dams and of dams with severe streptozotocin-induced diabetes were divided into groups: G1, offspring (of control dams) treated with water, G2, offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with water, G3, male offspring (of control dams) treated with acerola juice, and G4, male offspring (of diabetic dams) treated with acerola juice. The offspring of diabetic dams treated with acerola juice showed significantly decreased levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and increased HDL-c. The use of acerola juice is a potential strategy to aid in the prevention of DM and dyslipidemia and its complications or to act as an auxiliary in the treatment of these diseases.

Effect of Morus nigra aqueous extract treatment on the maternal-fetal outcome, oxidative stress status and lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Auditory evaluation in patients with type 1 diabetes

Objectives: We performed a prospective clinical study of the cochleovestibular symptoms and the risk cofactors and characteristics of hearing loss in patients with type 1 diabetes.Methods: Group I consisted of 40 patients with type I diabetes, and group 2 consisted of 20 control subjects without diabetes. All participants answered a questionnaire, and their medical records were reviewed. They also were submitted to otorhinolaryngological examinations and to auditory tests (pure tone audiometry and acoustic immitance and auditory brain stem response [ABR] tests).Results: Dyslipidemia, hypertension, retinopathy, and diabetic neuropathy were not frequent in the patients of group 1, but incipient nephropathy was present in 47.5% of them. The most frequent cochleovestibular symptoms were tinnitus and hearing loss. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in 4 patients of group I and was predominantly bilateral, symmetric, and affecting the high frequencies, coexisting with normal vocal discrimination. These patients had a longer time from diabetes diagnosis and had poor glycemia control. A delay of ABR interpeak latency I-III was observed in 11.25% of the group I ears. All patients of group 2 presented normal audiograms and ABR tests.Conclusions: In group 1, the most frequent cochleovestibular symptoms were tinnitus and hearing loss. The sensorineural hearing loss was mild, symmetric, and predominantly high-frequency. A delay of ABR interpeak latencies was detected in the patients of group I who had normal audiometric thresholds.