Violência sexual no campus universitário em Portugal

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Psicologia especialidade de Psicologia Clínica.

Grooming online em Portugal: Um estudo exploratório

O grooming online – aliciamento de crianças e jovens através da internet – tem sido alvo de preocupação e estudos a nível internacional. No entanto, o contexto português caracteriza-se pelo relativo desconhecimento sobre o fenómeno. O presente estudo tem como objetivos conhecer as experiências, perceções e inseguranças dos/as jovens acerca do grooming online, bem como revelar números de vitimação. Pretende-se, ainda, analisar as diferenças de género e etárias, quer ao nível da vitimação quer ao nível da perceção da gravidade do grooming online e do sentimento de insegurança relativamente ao fenómeno. Optou-se por um estudo exploratório de natureza quantitativa e os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário construído para o efeito. A amostra foi constituída por 151 participantes, 76 (50,3%) do sexo masculino e 75 (49,7%) do sexo feminino. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo, nomeadamente uma percentagem de 20,5% de vitimação por grooming online, revelam uma realidade preocupante em Portugal, pelo que este fenómeno deve ser alvo de maior atenção e discussão no nosso país, inclusive através de modificações legislativas para que se possa atuar sobre o mesmo.

Skeletal maturity and socio-economic status in portuguese children and youths: the Madeira growth study

Skeletal maturity is used to evaluate biological maturity status. Information about the association between socio-economic status (SES) and skeletal maturity is limited in Portugal. Aims: The aim of this study is to document the skeletal maturity of youths in Madeira and to evaluate variation in maturity associated with SES. Subjects and methods: The study involved 507 subjects (256 boys and 251 girls) from the Madeira Growth Study, a mixed-longitudinal study of five cohorts (8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 years of age) followed at yearly intervals over 3 years (1996–1998). A total of 1493 observations were made. Skeletal age was estimated from radiographs of the hand and wrist using the Tanner–Whitehouse 2 method (TW2). Social class rankings were based on Graffar’s (1956) method. Five social rankings were subsequently grouped into three SES categories: high, average and low. Results: Median for the radius, ulna and short finger bones (RUS scores) in the total sample of boys and girls increased curvilinearly across age whereas median for the 7 (without pisiform) carpal bones (Carpal scores) increased almost linearly. The 20-bone maturity scores demonstrated distinctive trends by gender: the medians for boys increased almost linearly while the medians for girls increased curvilinearly. SES differences were minimal. Only among children aged 10–11 years were high SES boys and girls advanced in skeletal maturity. Madeira adolescents were advanced in skeletal maturity compared with Belgian reference values. Conclusion: The data suggests population variation in TW2 estimates of skeletal maturation. Skeletal maturity was not related to SES in youths from Madeira.

Participation of portuguese manufacturing industry in global value chains

Portugal’s manufacturing sector has a significant importance both in national income and employment. As has been pointed out by several researchers, the traditional methods of analysis fail to grasp all the dimensions of economic competitiveness. This dissertation is then, at its core, an analysis of Portugal’s manufacturing industry in terms of the latter’s value added to production and impact to employment under the framework of global value chains. The current dissertation seeks to study in which way the Portuguese manufacturing industry, and its respective sectors, has a direct and indirect impact on the creation of value added and employment and how this impact can be measured. For development of this work the input-output approach for calculation of multipliers and the new framework proposed by Timmer et al. (2013) for calculation of GVC income and GVC jobs indicators were used, elaborated on the basis of the WIOD project dataset. Moreover, to illustrate the application of the provided methodology the Portuguese textile industry was used as an example. It was found that the changes in final demand of such sectors as Pulp, Paper, Printing and Publishing; Machinery, Nec and Textiles and Textile Products would have a larger impact on generated value added than other manufacturing sectors. At the same time, employment created by the changes in final demand would be more impacted by such sectors as Food, Beverages and Tobacco; Wood and Products of Wood and Cork and Textiles and Textile Products. In this regard, the number of low-skilled workers in Portugal seems to be more effected by changes in final demand, than those occupied by higher -skilled individuals. Moreover, it was found that the distribution of GVC income and GVC jobs for the Portuguese manufacturing industry shares a similar outlook. However, upon closer inspection of GVC labour distribution by skill levels there seems to exist a general progression in which low-skilled jobs requirements are met by local resources, while the need for higher skilled jobs require a greater “off-shoring” of work The results obtained through calculations of presented multipliers provide a powerful tool for policy makers in strategic planning of development of national economy. Using the provided methodology and obtained results, a government and supranational organizations could define which industry would have the greatest impact for an additional unit of output generated through the economy, and thus define the sectors for further investments.

Preferences in the use of communication technology: the influence of the gender dimension among higher education students

This paper presents some of the findings of a nationwide study, which was designed for understanding aspects related to the use of Communication Technology (CT) among higher education students in Portugal. This descriptive and exploratory study essentially focused on gender issues, particularly on how they influence the students’ perception regarding the use of CT. The data collection method selected was online survey. The findings reveal, among other results, students’ preferences regarding CT use and gender differences in that context.

Playgrounds going wrong: study of the adult style and children's rights during recess in an early childhood and primary education center

Recent perspectives on Pedagogy for Early Childhood Education emphasize children's participation in line with the Children's Rights Convention. The study aimed to analyse how children's rights are dealt with during recess in a school (Early Childhood and Primary Education) in Portugal. The aims were: to characterize the style of the adult (teaching assistants) and the interactions that are established with the children at the playground/recess, and analyse them in terms of children's rights. The qualitative approach was based on the observation during the recess for three weeks. The Adult Style Observation Schedule for Early Childhood Education (ASOS-ECE) was used to register and code the dynamics of six teaching assistants (3 ECE and 3 PE). Critical incidents were also registered. Statistical analysis of the ASOS-ECE levels were complemented with the content analysis of the notes. The playground space was quite limited and affected children's play and well-being. The outdoor playground was never used for the Early Childhood classes, only for Primary Education students but with little supervision. Children were often deprived of playground time by decision of the teaching assistants, as punishment. The results obtained through the Adult Style Observation Schedule for Early Childhood Education (ASOS-ECE) are not satisfactory and are below what would meet the minimum quality value (3,5). For Early Childhood Education, sensibility is the most valued dimension but with very low levels (<2,5). For Primary Education it was autonomy that scored highest (<2,5). The analysis of the notes/critical incidents highlighted articles 12 (expression of own views), 13 (freedom of expression), 19 (protection against violence), 29 (development of personality) and 31 (rest and leisure, play and recreational activities) as being put into question by actions of the adults responsible for the children. Children's rights and well-being need to be put forward in the knowledge base for all adults working with children so that Pedagogy can fulfil its purpose fully.

Dealing with crisis: Early childhood teachers perceived role in supporting children

The study explored how two experienced early childhood teachers support children dealing with crisis in their home environment, namely divorce, domestic violence and imprisonment of parents. The focus was on the relationship between the educational environment (organisation of space, time and relationships in an ecological perspective) and children's emotional well-being. This study builds on studies in Portugal about emotional well-being (Portugal & Laevers, 2010) and about the impact on children from imprisoned parents (Afonso, 2005, Kominsky, Pinto & Miyashiro, 2005, Tavares, 2011), domestic violence (Batista, 2014, Lisboa et al., 2002, Ribeiro, 2010) and divorce (Martons, 2010, Rego, 2008). The theoretical framework was weaved with Laevers (2004) concepts of emotional well-being and involvement and Siraj-Blatchford (2002) and Figueiredo (2013) perspective of pedagogy as including different dimensions of which the educational environment is essential. In-depth interviews with both teachers and some observations of their classroom dynamics were analysed for emerging cross themes in this qualitative study. Anonymity was preserved throughout the study by the use of codes. The study was presented to the teachers and questions were presented in advance. Both teachers expressed preference for adapting existing pedagogical tools (e.g. the classroom diary) and the daily dynamic to support children instead of using special interventions. Domestic violence was seen as the most problematic situation for its repercussions. Attention to emotional well-being, a strong relationship with the child and the families was highlighted. Pedagogy was described as answering different challenges, with a strong emphasis on children's participation. Thematising teachers' pedagogical knowledge is important.

Footrot caracterization in serra da estrela native flocks

Objectives: Serra da Estrela native (SEN) breed of sheep is one of the most important in Portugal, standing responsible for the production of one of the most internationally recognized cheeses in the world, "Queijo Serra da Estrela” (protected designation of origin). One of the major risks to the sustainability of SEN dairy flocks if footrot, an infectious diseases that causes lameness, decrease in milk production, weight loss and decrease in fertility.The aim of this work was to determine which parameters become decisive for the appearance of footrot in SEN dairy flocks, while establishing associations with environmental and nutritional variables. Materials and methods: The present study was carried out by performing an especially designed 27 multiple choice questionnaire, based on the underlying causes of lameness in livestock and in the clinical diagnosis performed by the vet techinichian of the clinical cases evaluated at the moment of the inquiry. The survey was performed during the execution of the oficial veterinary health program between February and September of 2014 by a veterinarian team from the Association of SEN Sheep Breeders (ANCOSE). The ovine producers (N=30, with a total of 1270 animals) were randomly selected from the extense area of production of “Queijo Serra da Estrela”. The parameters evaluated in the study were: season and consequent weather changes during the period of the study, floor types, hygiene conditions, bed types, the existence and use of footbaths, location of footbaths, foot trimming and foot hygiene procedures. After the construction of the database and using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.0 the frequency response for each item was calculated. Results: All SEN livestock producers are proactive in the treatment of lameness (70%). About 99.7% of lameness was related with footroot and most appeared in winter (36.7%). In some occasions there was not a specific season distribution (56.7% rainiest years). From the analyzed farms, 70% use straw as a floor bed, followed by bush (21%). 45.6% of animals were clinically diagnosed with footrot and were sheltered in straw floor. Bed quality is good in 40%, however frequent changes in the floor bed in the preceding 15 days had a higher rate of footroot diagnosed cases (33,23%) compared to monthly changes. Regarding sheepfold animal number, the distribution is proper in 36.7%, elevated in 30%, overcrowded in 6.7% and low in 23.3%. Clinically ill diagnosed animals in last category were the lowest observed (3%). Concerning hoof trimming, 76.7% trims while 23.3% reported not to perform that task. From those that perform trimming, 73.9% do it only when necessary, 21.7% at the time of clipping and 4.4% when the animal is affected. One curious result was that animals who perform trimming at clipping had higher footrot cases (52.6%), unlike those who trim only when necessary (40.2%) or even when animals are clinically ill (0.91%). Mostly all in the presence of footrot choose a local treatment (95.2%) using antibiotic sprays, instead of parenteral antibiotic treatment. Footbath is rarely used in the prevention (13.3%) of this disease and when it is misconceived (25%) and incorrectly formulated (100%). Conclusion: This study is the first performed in Portugal focusing on footrot caracterization in native SEN flocks. The economic impact in SEN dairy flocks is atributed to factors such as the direct decrease in milk and meat production, the early slaughter of affected animals due to a non responsive treatment, and medical expenses. The most effective eradication method combines first of all the ability to understand the problems of SEN producers and then the implementation of preventive measures and treatment of footrot. Often linked to the lack of formation, and the advanced age of portuguese producers, the mentality and social factors block the advance of veterinarian intervention itself.

Unraveling Sarcocystis miescheriana and Sarcocystis suihominis infections in wild boar

Sarcocystis species are worldwide spread cyst-forming protozoa that can infect wild boar but little is known about the prevalence of these parasites. In this study we assessed the prevalence of Sarcocystis spp. infections in wild boars from northeastern Portugal, for which novel PCR testing assays targeting Sarcocystis genus, S. miescheriana and S. suihominis were implemented, and risk factors potentially associated with these infections were evaluated. Samples from muscle tissue, namely diaphragm (n = 102), oesophagus (n = 96) and heart (n = 101), were collected from a total of 103 wild boar hunted between October 2011 and February 2012. Diaphragm muscle was used for the PCR detection of Sarcocystis nucleic acids since a higher proportion of samples showed the presence of cysts during histological examination. PCR assay targeting Sarcocystis genus yielded a 73.8% infection rate, which indicate a high level of exposure to these protozoan parasites among wild boars. These samples showed to be positive with the S. miescheriana-specific PCR assay and no sample was positive with the S. suihominis-specific assay, suggesting that a single species infecting wild boar is circulating in Portugal. These results were confirmed by the partial sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene amplified from selected samples from different geographic regions. Adults, young adults and female wild boars were found to be more likely infected. Hunters have an important role in the life cycle of S. miescheriana since potentially infected viscera and carcasses can be left behind promoting the protozoan dissemination to the scavenging final hosts. If hunting dogs bite and ingest infected meat they can perpetuate the life cycle of Sarcocystis spp. spreading oocysts or sporocysts in the environment.

Novel efficient technologies in Europe for axle bearing condition monitoring – the MAXBE project

Axle bearing damage with possible catastrophic failures can cause severe disruptions or even dangerous derailments, potentially causing loss of human life and leading to significant costs for railway infrastructure managers and rolling stock operators. Consequently the axle bearing damage process has safety and economic implications on the exploitation of railways systems. Therefore it has been the object of intense attention by railway authorities as proved by the selection of this topic by the European Commission in calls for research proposals. The MAXBE Project (http://www.maxbeproject.eu/), an EU-funded project, appears in this context and its main goal is to develop and to demonstrate innovative and efficient technologies which can be used for the onboard and wayside condition monitoring of axle bearings. The MAXBE (interoperable monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance strategies for axle bearings) project focuses on detecting axle bearing failure modes at an early stage by combining new and existing monitoring techniques and on characterizing the axle bearing degradation process. The consortium for the MAXBE project comprises 18 partners from 8 member states, representing operators, railway administrations, axle bearing manufactures, key players in the railway community and experts in the field of monitoring, maintenance and rolling stock. The University of Porto is coordinating this research project that kicked-off in November 2012 and it is completed on October 2015. Both on-board and wayside systems are explored in the project since there is a need for defining the requirement for the onboard equipment and the range of working temperatures of the axle bearing for the wayside systems. The developed monitoring systems consider strain gauges, high frequency accelerometers, temperature sensors and acoustic emission. To get a robust technology to support the decision making of the responsible stakeholders synchronized measurements from onboard and wayside monitoring systems are integrated into a platform. Also extensive laboratory tests were performed to correlate the in situ measurements to the status of the axle bearing life. With the MAXBE project concept it will be possible: to contribute to detect at an early stage axle bearing failures; to create conditions for the operational and technical integration of axle bearing monitoring and maintenance in different European railway networks; to contribute to the standardization of the requirements for the axle bearing monitoring, diagnosis and maintenance. Demonstration of the developed condition monitoring systems was performed in Portugal in the Northern Railway Line with freight and passenger traffic with a maximum speed of 220 km/h, in Belgium in a tram line and in the UK. Still within the project, a tool for optimal maintenance scheduling and a smart diagnostic tool were developed. This paper presents a synthesis of the most relevant results attained in the project. The successful of the project and the developed solutions have positive impact on the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety of rolling stock and infrastructure with main focus on the axle bearing health.

O enquadramento da disciplina de Canto no Ensino Artístico Especializado em Portugal desde o século XVIII até à atualidade

Este trabalho tem como principal objetivo a investigação e reflexão do ensino da música, designadamente do ensino de Canto, analisando não apenas a prática vocal, mas primordialmente a experiência pedagógica praticada ao longo dos últimos anos. Num primeiro momento, é apresentada uma contextualização histórica do ensino da música em Portugal, em meados do século XVIII. Este percurso pretende ainda expor a evolução do ensino musical desde a criação do primeiro Conservatório de Música de Lisboa em 1835 até à atualidade, identificando as especificidades pedagógicas mais recentes no que respeita à disciplina de Canto. Em segundo lugar, são identificados os aspetos progressivos e regressivos do ensino de Canto, através da análise de todos os diplomas legais aplicáveis. Relativamente à apreciação evolutiva desta disciplina, o presente estudo centra-se na Escola Artística do Conservatório de Música de Coimbra (EACMC) e nos seus 30 anos de existência. Neste sentido, são mencionadas as principais causas de sucesso e/ou insucesso da referida disciplina, apresentando algumas soluções para os problemas identificados.

Análisis de las noticias sobre lectura digital en Portugal: Jornal de Noticias y Correio da Manhã (2005-2009)

Este trabajo recoge el estudio de los discursos públicos sobre lectura basado en un total de 60 noticias de los periódicos portugueses de especial relevancia: Jornal de Noticias y Correio da Manhã. El análisis se basa en el estudio del índice de frecuencia y valor semántico de una selección de términos relevantes —presentes en el corpus de noticias— para el tema objeto de estudio. Los cuales permiten observar la evolución de los discursos públicos a lo largo del periodo estudiado como consecuencia del desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías. Asimismo, se revisa la evolución del concepto de lectura a lo largo del período y se aporta información acerca de las cuestiones directamente relacionadas con el estudio de la lectura como es la sociología de la lectura, su relación con la educación, así como los nuevos soportes de lectura.

A Expulsão, Extradição e Direito de Asilo em Portugal como Membro da União Europeia e o Direito dos Refugiados e de Asilo no Extremo Oriente: os casos do Japão e da China - Efectividade do Direito Público e Limitações da Intervenção Estatal;

1 – Resumo: as questões da expulsão, extradição e direito de asilo são tratadas de modo muito diverso no mundo; assim como o direito dos refugiados. Existem nomeadamente grandes diferenças no que concerne ao Ocidente e Oriente mundiais. Esta pesquisa compara um típico país da União Europeia, Portugal, com dois exemplos asiáticos: a China e o Japão. Vê-se que não só as leis são bastante diferentes, mas que o que talvez mais difira a nível mundial seja a restritividade da sua aplicação prática.§ 1.1 Abstract: the issues of expulsion, extradition and asylum are treated very differently in the world, as well as the right of refugees. In particular, there are large differences between the Western and the Eastern hemispheres. This study compares a typical country of the European Union, Portugal, with two Asian examples: China and Japan. It is shown that not only the laws are quite different, but that what possibly differs the most on a global level is the restrictivity of their practical application.

Pena de Morte em Portugal-UE, Brasil, Angola, Moçambique, Guiné-Bissau, Cabo Verde, S. Tomé e Princípe, Timor Leste, bem como China, Japão e Coreia do Sul - Direito Público;

1 – Resumo: a questão da pena de morte é tratada de modo muito diverso no mundo. Existem nomeadamente grandes diferenças no que concerne ao Oriente e Ocidente mundiais. Esta pesquisa compara um típico país da União Europeia, Portugal, bem como outros países da lusofonia, Brasil, Angola, Moçambique, Guiné-Bissau, Cabo Verde, S. Tomé e Princípe e Timor Leste com três exemplos asiáticos: a China, o Japão e a Coréia do Sul. Vê-se que não só as leis são bastante diferentes, mas que o que talvez mais difira a nível mundial seja a sua aplicação prática. § 1.1 Abstract: the issue of death penalty is treated very differently in the world. In particular, there are large differences between the Eastern and the Western hemispheres. This study compares a typical country of the European Union, Portugal, as well as other Lusophone countries, i.e. Brazil, Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, Cape Verde, Sao Tome and Principe and East Timor, with three Asian examples: China, Japan and South Korea. It is shown that not only the laws are quite different, but that what possibly differs the most on a global level is their practical application.

The reproductive biology of the two-banded sea bream (Diplodus vulgaris) from the southwest coast of Portugal

The study of the reproduction of Diplodus vulgaris (Geoff.) as part of a base-line study of the fishery resources of the southwest coast of Portugal, was based on the analysis of the spawning season, gonad maturation, size at maturity, fecundity and hermaphroditism. The spawning season is relatively long, from December to March, with peaks in January and February. No significant differences were found either in the sex ratio (M:F = 1.01) over the year or by size. The size at first maturity (L-50) for all sexes and undetermined individuals combined was 18.33 cm total length (TL), with no significant differences between males and females. The estimated L-50 is considerably greater than the minimum legal size in Portugal of 15.0 cm. Mean absolute fecundity (F-a) was 131 127 oocytes, ranging from 31 523 to 250 608. The relationship between absolute fecundity and total length (TL) (F-a = 25 398 TL-484 426) and somatic weight (SW) (F-a = 878.8SW-71 416) was of the linear type. The mean number of oocytes per gram of somatic weight was 526, ranging from 194 to 887. The reproductive strategy of this species is characterized by a rudimentary hermaphroditism with possible protandry, as evidenced by the existence of individuals in sexual transition.