Diversidad de aves del sotobosque en la estación biológica Juan Roberto Zarruk, Reserva Natural Datanlí – El Diablo, Jinotega

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la di versidad y la condición física de las aves, utilizando redes de niebla para la captura de las aves. El área de estudio se dividió en dos parches de bosque, el parche de mayor extensión ( SMBQ1 ) con un área cerca de 100 hectáreas, ubicado más retirado de la finca de café y el parche de menor extensión ( EBBQ2 ) de 3. 7 hectáreas aproximadamente, colocado cerca de caminos y sitios donde se siembra café , a una distancia entre ellos de 2 km . En cada lugar de trabajo se estimó la riqueza y abundancia de especies de las aves muestreadas. Igualmente, para la medida de la vegetación, se establecieron 7 parcelas de estudio, ubicadas en los sitios donde estaban establecidas las redes de niebla, con el objetivo de caracterizar la vegetación en el lugar donde las aves está n siendo muestreadas. Como resultado, se determinaron un total de 55 individuos distribuidos en 26 especies de aves. De las 26 especies capturadas 5 fueron especies migratorias y 21 residentes. El parche más grande de bosque (SMBQ1) tuvo una riqueza de 9 especies, mientras que el parche más pequeño (EBBQ 2) tuvo una mayor riqueza con 22 especies encontradas , así mismo al corresponder las especies del parche grande (SMBQ1) a individuos en su mayoría adultos, es un indicador de que este parche está en mejor estado de conservación con menos intervención antrópica a diferencia del parche pequeño ( EBBQ2 ) .

A reserva estatal de atividade econômica e a propriedade do petróleo e do gás natural

A partir de uma pesquisa histórica sobre a regulação da atividade petrolífera nacional, constatou-se que as jazidas de petróleo e de gás natural são bens públicos cuja exploração é constitucionalmente reservada ao Estado. Ademais, a delegação da exploração desses bens, por meio de concessão ou de partilha de produção, mantém a propriedade estatal desses recursos naturais.

Um novo marco legal para pesquisa e lavra das jazidas brasileiras de petróleo e gás natural

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Gás natural : uma importante alternativa energética para o Brasil

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerias, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Exploração de gás natural na bacia do rio São Francisco

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

O setor de gás natural no mundo

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

O setor de gás natural e seu novo marco legal

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII -Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Breve panorama do gás natural no Brasil

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Approximate theory of natural-convection with small grashof number

To gain some insight into the behaviour of low-gravity flows in the material processing in space, an approximate theory has been developed for the convective motion of fluids with a small Grashof number Gr. The expansion of the variables into a series of Gr reduces the Boussinesq equation to a system of weakly coupled linearly inhomogeneous equations. Moreover, the analogy concept is proposed and utilized in the study of the plate bending problems in solid mechanics. Two examples are investigated in detail, i. e. the 2-dimensional steady flows in either circular or square infinite closed cylinder, which is horizontally imposed at a specified temperature of linear distribution on the boundaries. The results for stream function ψ, velocity u and temperature T are provided. The analysis of the influences of some parameters such as the Grashof number Gr and the Prandtl number Pr, on motions will lead to several interesting conclusions. The theory seems to be useful for seeking for an analytical solutions. At least, it will greatly simplify the complicated problems originally governed by the Navier-Stokes equation including buoyancy. It is our hope that the theory might be applicable to unsteady or 3-dimensional cases in future.

Monte Carlo Valuation of natural gas investments

This paper deals with the valuation of energy assets related to natural gas. In particular, we evaluate a baseload Natural Gas Combined Cycle (NGCC) power plant and an ancillary instalation, namely a Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facility, in a realistic setting; specifically, these investments enjoy a long useful life but require some non-negligible time to build. Then we focus on the valuation of several investment options again in a realistic setting. These include the option to invest in the power plant when there is uncertainty concerning the initial outlay, or the option's time to maturity, or the cost of CO2 emission permits, or when there is a chance to double the plant size in the future. Our model comprises three sources of risk. We consider uncertain gas prices with regard to both the current level and the long-run equilibrium level; the current electricity price is also uncertain. They all are assumed to show mean reversion. The two-factor model for natural gas price is calibrated using data from NYMEX NG futures contracts. Also, we calibrate the one-factor model for electricity price using data from the Spanish wholesale electricity market, respectively. Then we use the estimated parameter values alongside actual physical parameters from a case study to value natural gas plants. Finally, the calibrated parameters are also used in a Monte Carlo simulation framework to evaluate several American-type options to invest in these energy assets. We accomplish this by following the least squares MC approach.

Photographic analysis of natural and impounded salt marsh in the vicinity of Merritt Island, Florida

Qualitative analyses of available photographs and maps of Merritt Island, Florida provide a large-scale, historical perspective of ecological changes of the marshes in the vicinity. Sites that deserve closer scrutiny can be identified. Secondarily, such an analysis provides a geographical orientation essential for communication not only between newcomers and those familiar with the area, but also among those familiar with the area but who refer to sites by differing methods. Photographs and maps from various sources were examined. Below are listed what we consider to be the most useful subset of these for ecological and geographical assessment of salt marsh impoundments on Merritt Island, Florida. (Document has 25 pages.)