Exchange of disfluency with age from function to content words in Brazilian Portuguese speakers who do and do not stutter

The purpose of this study was to investigate the exchange of disfluencies from function words to content words with age in Brazilian Portuguese speakers who do and do not stutter. Ninety stuttering individuals and 90 controls, native speakers of Brazilian Portuguese, were divided into three age groups (children, adolescents and adults). The study method involved analyzing the occurrence of stuttering on content and function words based on spontaneous speech samples. Results indicated that children tend to be more disfluent on function words. With the increase in age, teenagers and adults who stutter presented a higher number of disfluencies on content words. These findings support the current literature, indicating that with the aging process, there is an exchange of disfluencies from function to content words. This shift in the disfluency pattern may account for a more advanced type of stuttering. The study also demonstrated that disfluencies in Portuguese speakers follow the same pattern of shifting from function to content words with age as for English speakers.

Gagueira desenvolvimental persistente familial: perspectivas genéticas

A gagueira é uma desordem da comunicação oral que tem uma característica multidimensional. A predisposição biológica no desenvolvimento da gagueira ainda não é bem compreendida, mas contribuições genéticas para esta predisposição são reforçadas tanto por referências à agregação familial da gagueira, quanto à gagueira familial, que têm aparecido na literatura há mais de 70 anos. Assim, procuramos estabelecer uma revisão quanto aos prováveis fatores genéticos envolvidos com a manifestação da gagueira desenvolvimental persistente familial. A identificação de genes relacionados à gagueira, bem como de alterações em suas estruturas (por exemplo, mutações), contribuem significativamente para sua compreensão. O modelo exato de transmissão da herança genética para a gagueira ainda não está claramente definida e, provavelmente pode ser diferente entre diferentes famílias e populações. As análises genômicas demonstram, concomitantemente, a relevância dos componentes genéticos envolvidos e sua complexidade, sugerindo assim tratar-se de uma doença poligênica, na qual diversos genes de efeitos variados podem estar envolvidos com o aumento da susceptibilidade de ocorrência da gagueira. O clínico deverá estar alerta ao fato de que uma criança com histórico familial positivo para gagueira poderá ter uma forte tendência a desenvolver o distúrbio de forma crônica. É importante que o clínico esteja atento, de modo a fornecer às famílias orientações precisas sobre o distúrbio. As avaliações objetivas e os tratamentos controlados têm um papel muito importante para o domínio da evolução do distúrbio.

När spelaren tappar pokerfejset - En studie av spelberoendets omfattning, karaktär och behov av behandling

Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa fenomenet spelberoende utifrån tre områden, vilka är omfattning, karaktär och behov av behandling. Vi undersöker överensstämmelsen mellan forskning och behandling kring spelberoende. De metoder som använts är litteraturöversikt samt halvstrukturerade intervjuer med personal på Folkhälsoinstitutets Spelberoendeprojekt i Malmö och i Göteborg. Den forskning som projektet grundats på gjordes innan den digitala spridningen av spel slog igenom. Därför täcker inte forskningen alla målgrupper för behandling och behandlingen måste ha stöd i forskningen för att få legitimitet. Den internationella forskningen som finns om spelberoende rör framförallt karaktären, medan omfattningen och behovet av behandling inte berörs i samma utsträckning. Spelberoendeproblematiken har stor vikt för socialt arbete, då det är ett beroende som alla andra och drabbar alla samhällsgrupper och alla åldrar. Kunskaper i ämnet är viktigt för att upptäcka och komma åt problemet i ett tidigt stadium.

”Det skulle aldrig hända här” : En vinjettstudie om sex socialsekreterares handlande och beslutsfattande i situationer med hot och våld.

Hot, våld och otillåten påverkan är en problematik som förekommer inom socialtjänstens barn- och familjestöd. Denna undersöknings syfte var att studera hur socialsekreterares tror sig handla och påverkas av denna problematik, speciellt i beslutsfattandet. Detta med anledning av att, om socialsekreterarnas beslutsfattande skulle påverkas, kan i värsta fall barns rätt till en trygg uppväxt sättas på spel. I studien användes vinjetter i sex kvalitativa intervjuer som utfördes enskilt. De resultat som redovisas pekar på att socialsekreterare inte skulle låta sig påverkas av hot och våld när de fattar beslut. Detta är något som strider mot andra forskares resultat. Socialsekreterarna i studien skulle i de flesta fall rådgöra med sin chef när de blivit utsatta för otillåten påverkan. Chefen är en oerhört viktig part i arbetet, då socialsekreterarna i hög grad förlitar sig på chefens kompetens. Hot, våld och otillåten påverkan är situationsbaserat. Socialsekreterarna skulle, i de vinjettsituationer som studien baseras på, fatta de beslut som går rakt emot klientens önskningar och därför kvarstår hotbilden. Konsekvenserna av deras handlingar och beslut hade socialsekreterarna svårigheter att sia om.

Obesidad canina: repercusiones clínicas y factores relacionados (presión arterial y parámetros metabólicos)

Programa de Doctorado en Clínica e Investigación Terapéutica

Obesidad canina: repercusiones clínicas del entorno obesogénico

Programa de Doctorado en Clínica e Investigación Terapéutica

Geomorphologische Untersuchungen im Land der tausend Hügel - oder: Wie europäisch ist die rwandische Landschaftsentwicklung?

Das ursprüngliche Ziel der vorliegenden Dissertation war die Untersuchung der Talgenese im Zentralen Hügelland Rwandas. Entstehung und Form der Täler, die Stratigraphie und das Alter der Hang- und Talsedimente sowie die wirkenden reliefgestaltenden Prozesse sind bei weitem nicht abschließend erforscht. Da Strukturen und Prozesse im Rahmen von Prozessresponssystemen in Wechselwirkung stehen, bietet die Untersuchung der Strukturen gleich zwei Möglichkeiten, sich den Prozessen zu nähern: Strukturen sind sowohl Verursacher als auch Indikatoren von Prozessen. Entsprechend der ursprünglichen Fragestellung sollten nach einer Beschreibung der gegenwärtigen Strukturen (morphographische Geomorphologie) die formbildenden Prozesse ergründet werden (funktionale Geomorphologie), um dann die Entwicklung der Strukturen und Prozesse unter Einbeziehung der relevanten Phasen der Erdgeschichte und des Paläoklimas zu rekonstruieren (genetische Geomorphologie). Im Verlauf der zu diesem Zweck durchgeführten geomorphologisch-stratigraphischen Untersuchungen in den Tälern der Region von Butare (Südrwanda) stellten sich aber die holozänen Hangdeckschichten und Talfüllungen als derart mächtig heraus, dass tiefer liegende Sedimente nicht erschlossen werden konnten. Die älteren Strukturen ließen sich daher nur unzureichend rekonstruieren und die eingangs formulierte Fragestellung konnte nicht wie erwartet bearbeitet werden. Angesichts der Mächtigkeit der Sedimente wurde offensichtlich, dass sowohl die spätpleistozäne als auch die holozäne Dimension der Sedimentbildung völlig unterschätzt wurde. Diese Beobachtungen warfen zwei grundlegende Fragen auf: einerseits die Frage warum die holozänen Sedimente so mächtig ausgebildet sind, und andererseits, weshalb ihre Mächtigkeit derartig unterschätzt wurde. Rasch stellte sich heraus, dass die Bearbeitung der ersten Frage eine interdisziplinäre Öffnung und die der zweiten Frage eine interkulturelle Öffnung der Fragestellung erforderte. Dabei stellen sich vor allem zwei Fragen: Zum einen, inwiefern der europäische Ursprung der Begriffe, Theorien und Modelle, die zur Beschreibung und Interpretation der rwandischen landschaftlichen und landschaftsgestaltenden Prozesse verwendet werden, eben jene Beschreibung und Interpretation beeinflusst, und zum anderen, ob und inwiefern auch naturwissenschaftliche Disziplinen in ihrem Umgang mit ‚natürlich gedachten’ Strukturen und Prozessen von diesen Konstruktionen betroffen sind. Ziel der Dekonstruktion der Begriffe, Theorien und Modelle ist kein ‚richtigerer’ oder ‚wahrhaftigerer’, sondern ein ‚bewussterer’ Umgang mit den Begriffen, Theorien und Modellen und dadurch eine bewusstere Rekonstruktion der Strukturen und Prozesse der Landschaften und Paläolandschaften des rwandischen Zentralen Hügellandes.rn

Wortlautgrenze und Wörterbuch

Kriterien für die Angemessenheit einer Interpretation gibt es in vielen textbezogenen Wissenschaften. Die Juristen sind auf eine angemessene Interpretation des Gesetzes sogar von der Verfassung her verpflichtet. Die Gesetzesbindung soll eingelöst werden mit dem Kriterium der Wortlautgrenze. Wenn man diese Grenze im Wörterbuch finden will, überschätzt man seine Leistung. Wenn man sie ohne Wörterbuch finden will, unterschätzt man diese. Erst wenn man sich klar macht, dass die Wortlautgrenze nicht im Buch steht, sondern im Streit, kann man die Leistung der Wörterbücher richtig schätzen.

[Collagenase injection in Dupuytren's disease, evaluation of the ultrasound assisted technique].

Since October 2011, the enzymatic lysis of Dupuytren's cord was introduced in Switzerland (Xiapex(®), Auxilium Pharmaceuticals, Pfizer). Here we present our first university experience and underline the major role of ultrasound during the injection. Between December 2011 and February 2013, 52 injections were performed to eliminate 43 Dupuytren's cords in 33 patients. The mean age of the patients was 64.4 ± 8.5 years. Complications were documented for each patient. Before, directly after and after a minimum of 6 months post-injection, the contracture of the treated joint was measured with use of a goniometer. The DASH score was evaluated after a minimum of 6 months and the patients were asked to subjectively evaluate the outcome of the treatment (very good, good, mild, poor) and whether they would reiterate it if necessary. Four skin defects, one lymphangitis, and one CRPS were responsible for a complication rate of 18%. There was no infection and no tendon rupture in the series. The mean MCP joint contracture was respectively 36.8 ± 27.4°, 3.5 ± 7.8° (gain of mobility compared to the preoperative situation 33.3°, P<0.001), and 8.4 ± 13.9° (gain 28.4°, P<0.001) respectively before, just after and at the long-term clinical control. The mean PIP joint contracture was respectively 36.5 ± 29.1°, 5.9 ± 6.7° (gain 30.6°, P<0.001), and 15.1 ± 13.8° (gain 21.4°, P<0.001) respectively before injection, just after and at the long-term clinical control. The DASH score decreased from 24 ± 14 to 7 ± 9 (P<0.001). Eighty-one per cent of the patients were satisfied or very satisfied of the treatment. All but two would reiterate the treatment if necessary. Ultrasound is able to target the injection of collagenase in order to reduce complications. The short-term results of this non-invasive therapy are very promising however comparison with conventional procedures is difficult as the long-term results are lacking.

Segmented filamentous bacterium uses secondary and tertiary lymphoid tissues to induce gut IgA and specific T helper 17 cell responses.

Segmented filamentous bacterium (SFB) is a symbiont that drives postnatal maturation of gut adaptive immune responses. In contrast to nonpathogenic E. coli, SFB stimulated vigorous development of Peyer's patches germinal centers but paradoxically induced only a low frequency of specific immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting cells with delayed accumulation of somatic mutations. Moreover, blocking Peyer's patch development abolished IgA responses to E. coli, but not to SFB. Indeed, SFB stimulated the postnatal development of isolated lymphoid follicles and tertiary lymphoid tissue, which substituted for Peyer's patches as inductive sites for intestinal IgA and SFB-specific T helper 17 (Th17) cell responses. Strikingly, in mice depleted of gut organized lymphoid tissue, SFB still induced a substantial but nonspecific intestinal Th17 cell response. These results demonstrate that SFB has the remarkable capacity to induce and stimulate multiple types of intestinal lymphoid tissues that cooperate to generate potent IgA and Th17 cell responses displaying only limited target specificity.

Fruit firmness and skin resistance of processing tomato varieties tested in Badajoz (Spain), related to mechanical harvesting.

Determinations of resistance to damage were carried out in a total of 31 tomato varieties for processing, with the purpose of choosing the most suitable ones for mechanical harvesting. The characteristics studied include: puncture, deformation and rupture of the fruits, the ease of detachment of the fruits also being determined. Seventeen varieties were chosen, for further tests, with values 0.76 to 1.7 2 N of resistance to puncture; 3 to 9 N/mm of resistance to compression and 2.16 to 29.40 N resistance to detachment.

Analytical Calculation of Stall-inception and Surge Points for an Axial-flow Compresor Rotor

Recently, a theoretical criterion to calculate the stability of an axial-flow compressor rotor has been presented in the scientific literature. This theoretical criterion was used for determining the locus of the stability line over the rotor map and for predicting the post-stall evolution of the constant-speed line of a rotor. The main objective of this paper is to improve the predictions of such a model. To do that, the paper proposes a different characterization of the characteristic azimuthal length and a calculation of the ratio of specific heats based on a polytropic exponent. Thanks to these new values, the model predicts two bifurcation points in the behaviour of the flow: the inception point of the instability and the surge point. Experimental data from a pure axial compressor are used to validate the model showing that the prediction of the flow coefficient at the surge point has an error inferior to 5%. For the rotor studied, the paper provides a quantitative and qualitative description of the inception of the instability and of the mechanism involved in the instable region of the compressor map. The paper also discusses the role of rotor efficiency in the position of the bifurcations and gives a sensitivity analysis of its position. Finally, it presents a discussion about how the model can explain the different behaviours exhibited by the same rotor when the flow coefficient is reduced

Moiré-Fourier deflectometry for local heat transfer measurement over a backward-facing step

This paper explores the possibility of using the Moire-Fourier deflectometry for measuring the local heat transfer coefficient inside small confined flows (micro-channels) and their relevance for checking theoretical models. This optical technique, supplemented with a digital image processing method of fringes, is applied for studying the local heat transfer over a backward facing step. The experimental results are compared with numerical results obtained from a commercial code, which has been contrasted with relevant solutions from the literature and bulk fluid temperature measurements at the inlet and outlet sections. In order to show the possibilities of the experimental technique, the influence of assuming an adiabatic wall on the numerical heat-transfer model is examined and the degree of agreement is discussed. As a result, the paper shows that the proposed Moiré-Fourier technique is a simple experimental setup suitable for temperature measurements with an accuracy similar to the thermocouples but with a spatial resolution near 0.01 mm.Moiré-Fourier deflectometry for local heat transfer measurement over a backward-facing step

[Colección de grabados con planos, detalles y cortes de monumentos españoles] [Material gráfico]

Contiene: Detalles y Cortes de los Templos en TALAVERA la Vieja / Moulinier del. ; N. L. Rousseau sculp. Plano del Monasterio de JUSTE / Moulinier del. ; Kamermann sculp. Plano del Alcazar de la ALAMBRA. Plano del GENERALIFE de GRENADA [sic] / Thierry scup. Plano de los Baños de ALHANGE / Moulinier del. ; Vicq sculp. Plano de la Mezquita de CORDOVA segun su estado actual / Moulinier del. ; [...]. Plano de la Mezquita de CORDOVA en tiempo de los Arabes / Dormier sculp.t