Food insecurity of HIV/AIDS patients at a unit of outpatient healthcare system in Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil

INTRODUCTION: Food security remains to be one of the world's biggest problems and is found to be related to HIV/AIDS. The objective was to examine food insecurity in HIV/AIDS patients from Brasilia, Brazil. METHODS: Short version of the Food Security Scale was applied to patients with HIV/AIDS. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients participated (65 HIV+ and 38 with AIDS). Food insecurity was found in 33.8% of HIV+ patients and 36.8% of patients with AIDS. A relation between food insecurity and low educational and social levels was established. CONCLUSIONS: Food security should be an important component in HIV/AIDS treatment programs.

Occurrence of strongyloidiasis among patients with HTLV-1/2 seen at the outpatient clinic of the Núcleo de Medicina Tropical, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil

IntroductionThis study investigated the occurrence of Strongyloides stercoralis infestation and coinfection with HTLV-1/2 in Belém, Brazil.MethodsS. stercoralis was investigated in stool samples obtained from individuals infected with HTLV-1/2 and their uninfected relatives.ResultsThe frequency of S. stercoralis was 9% (9/100), including six patients infected with HTLV-1 (14.3%), two patients infected with HTLV-2 (11.1%), and one uninfected relative. Two cases of hyperinfestation by S. stercoralis were characterized as HTLV-1.ConclusionsThese results support the need for the routine investigation of S. stercoralis in patients with HTLV-1, in an attempt to prevent the development of severe forms of strongyloidiasis.

Medium-term cryopreservation of rabies virus samples

Introduction The cryopreservation of rabies virus has been described in detail in the literature. To date, little information is available on the use of cryoprotective agents for cold preservation of this virus, and the available data focus only on short-term virus preservation. In this study, we investigated the medium-term cryopreservation of samples of rabies virus using different cryopreservation protocols. Methods The cryopreservation protocols for the rabies virus samples were performed at -20°C and were divided according to the variables of time and cryoprotectant type used. The laboratory tests (intracerebral inoculation of mice, viral titration and direct immunofluorescence) were performed at regular intervals (360 and 720 days) to assess the viability of the viral samples according to the different preservation techniques used. Results After 1 year of cryopreservation, the fluorescence intensity of intracellular corpuscles of the rabies virus and the median survival time of the mice differed between the positive controls and the treatments with the cryoprotectants. After 2 years, most of the samples subjected to the cryopreservation protocols (including the controls) did not produce fluorescence. However, the virus samples exposed to the cryoprotectant sucrose (68% solution) responded positively in the direct immunofluorescence assay and in the intracerebral inoculation of the mice. Conclusions Medium-term cryopreservation of the rabies virus inactivates the viral sample. However, the cryoprotectant agent sucrose (68%) produces a preservative effect in cryopreserved rabies virus samples.

Detection of arboviruses of public health interest in free-living New World primates (Sapajus spp.; Alouatta caraya) captured in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Introduction A sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken to detect the circulation of arboviruses in free-living non-human primates. Methods Blood samples were obtained from 16 non-human primates (13 Sapajus spp. and three Alouatta caraya) that were captured using terrestrial traps and anesthetic darts in woodland regions in the municipalities of Campo Grande, Aquidauana, Jardim, Miranda and Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. The samples were sent to the Instituto Evandro Chagas (IEC) in Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil, to detect antibodies against 19 species of arboviruses using a hemagglutination inhibition test (HI). Results Of the 16 primates investigated in the present study, five (31.2%) were serologically positive for an arbovirus. Of these five, two (12.5%) exhibited antibodies to the Flavivirus genus, one (6.2%) exhibited a monotypic reaction to Cacipacoré virus, one (6.2%) was associated with Mayaro virus, and one (6.2%) was positive for Oropouche virus. Conclusions Based on the positive serology observed in the present study, it was possible to conclude that arboviruses circulate among free-living primates. The viruses in the areas studied might have been introduced by infected humans or by primates from endemic or enzootic areas. Studies of this nature, as well as efficient and continuous surveillance programs, are needed to monitor viral activities in endemic and enzootic regions.

Epidemiological and environmental aspects of visceral leishmaniasis in children under 15 years of age between 2007 and 2012 in the City of Araguaína, State of Tocantins, Brazil

Introduction Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) stands out as a zoonosis observed on four continents and also in urban expansion zones in several regions of Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional epidemiological study of VL cases in children under 15 years of age in the period from 2007 to 2012. Clinical data were gathered from medical reports; meteorological data were obtained at the Meteorological Measurement Department of UFT. Environmental variables were divided into two periods, rainy and dry. Results The study revealed no difference by gender (p=0.67) among the 821 patients. However, the most affected age group was between one and five years of age (58.6%; p<0.01); the highest prevalence of the disease (99.03%; p<0.01) occurred in urban zones; and the most affected ethnic group (85.5%; p<0.01) was mixed race. The highest incidence coefficients in this population occurred in 2007 and 2008 (578.39/100,000 inhabitants; 18.5/100,000 inhabitants, respectively), whereas the highest lethality coefficients occurred in 2008 and 2011 (0.85/100 deaths). There was no significant correlation between average rainfall and the number of VL cases. The correlation between temperature and number of VL cases was negative (r = -0.4039; p<0.01). Conclusions In Araguaína, visceral leishmaniasis in children under 15 years is an urban-based endemic disease distributed across all districts of the city wherein temperature as an environmental factor, a higher prevalence in mixed race children between one and five years of age, and a high incidence coefficient all strongly contribute to child mortality.

Using mobile technology to conduct epidemiological investigations

INTRODUCTION : The aim of this study was to report the experience of an epidemiological field survey for which data were collected and analyzed using tablets. METHODS : The devices used Epi Info 7 (Android version), which has been modeled a database with variables of the traditional form. RESULTS : Twenty-one households were randomly selected in the study area; 75 residents were registered and completed household interviews with socioeconomic and environmental risk variables. CONCLUSIONS : This new technology is a valuable tool for collecting and analyzing data from the field, with advantageous benefits to epidemiological surveys.

Evaluation of arboviruses of public health interest in free-living non-human primates (Alouatta spp., Callithrix spp., Sapajus spp.) in Brazil

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of arboviruses from the Flavivirus genus in asymptomatic free-living non-human primates (NHPs) living in close contact with humans and vectors in the States of Paraná and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. METHODS: NHP sera samples (total n = 80, Alouatta spp. n = 07, Callithrix spp. n = 29 and Sapajus spp. n = 44) were screened for the presence of viral genomes using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques. RESULTS: All of the samples were negative for the Flavivirus genome following the 10% polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis. CONCLUSIONS: These negative results indicate that the analyzed animals were not infected with arboviruses from the Flavivirus genus and did not represent a risk for viral transmission through vectors during the period in which the samples were collected.

A Igreja Sueva de São Martinho de Dume. Arquitectura Cristã Antiga de Braga e na Antiguidade Tardia do Noroeste de Portugal

Objecto de intervenção arqueológica desde 1987, as ruínas arqueológicas de Dume, correspondentes aos vestígios da basílica cristã de meados do século VI e de parte do mosteiro fundado por São Martinho de Dume, reaproveitando parte de uma uilla romana, viram reconhecidas a sua importância e valor histórico, cultural e científico, tendo sido classificadas como Monumento Nacional - Decreto n.º 45/93, de 30-11. Apresenta-se uma síntese dos resultados obtidos, contextualizando-os no quadro da arquitectura cristã antiga de Braga e da Antiguidade Tardia do Noroeste de Portugal. Abordaremos ainda o projecto de valorização em curso, com o qual se pretende criar um pólo cultural e lúdico, que funcione como centro de interpretação do sítio, podendo receber visitas organizadas de público escolar, público indiferenciado e especialistas em Arqueologia e História.

A igreja do colégio de Santo Antão‑o‑Novo. Estudo de um paradigma desaparecido

O colégio jesuíta de S.to Antão‑o‑Novo foi um dos maiores empreendimentos arquitectónicos da centúria de Seiscentos, tendo o seu risco conhecido várias alterações no período filipino, no sentido de um classicismo monumental italianizante, próximo do modelo de S. Vicente de Fora. Com o patrocínio de D. Filipa de Sá, a igreja foi erguida entre 1612 e 1658, embora partes do exterior ficassem por terminar até ao século XVIII. Este artigo procura atestar a autoria projectual de Baltazar Álvares e esclarecer a direcção da obra que ficou a cargo de um dos seus discípulos, Diogo Marques Lucas. As questões associadas ao estatuto profissional dos arquitectos, a par do domínio das regras clássicas da arquitectura do tempo, são aspectos que transparecem da documentação inédita encontrada sobre a fase final da construção da igreja no século XVII, quando os contactos informados com centros artísticos externos eram já menos frequentes.

Mistérios... um revestimento azulejar do século XVIII para uma igreja desconhecida

A progressiva descoberta de um vasto número de painéis com aspectos iconográficos similares, nas reservas do Museu Nacional do Azulejo, permitia supor estarmos perante um conjunto coerente para revestimento de um espaço religioso. O conjunto, pintado a azul de cobalto sobre branco, possui a invulgar particularidade de integrar grandes flores com pétalas coloridas a violeta de manganês e apoiadas em pés verdes, obtidos pela mistura de amarelo de antimónio com a dominante azul. O estudo do conjunto já conhecido, a que se associam novos elementos recentemente descobertos ao abrigo do projecto “Devolver ao olhar”, permitiu compreender a articulação de todos os elementos e revelar um notável e original programa iconográfico, único nas intenções e representações que encerra.

A exaltação da virtude moral no púlpito da igreja de Santa Cruz de Coimbra

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Fundação Millennium bcp, Imprensa Nacional-Casa da Moeda

Enterolobium barnebianum A.L. Mesquita & M.F. da Silva, uma nova Mimosácea para a Amazônia brasileira, Colômbia e Peru.

Enterolobium barnebianum A.L. Mesquita & M.F. da Silva é descrita e apresentada como nova espécie para a região amazônica e países limítrofes.

A antiga igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto da nação italiana em Lisboa (1518‑1651) dados arquivísticos e algumas hipóteses sobre o edifício de Filippo Terzi

O presente artigo resultado da pesquisa de duas investigadoras no arquivo da Igreja de Nossa Senhora do Loreto em Lisboa e no Archivio Segreto Vaticano e pretende oferecer uma hipotética reconstrução da igreja original dos Italianos em Lisboa, erigida entre 1518 e 1597 e destruída no incêndio de 1651. Na análise da escassa documentação sobre o edifício desaparecido, onde é confirmada a participação do arquitecto-engenheiro Filippo Terzi, (Bolonha 1520-Setúbal 1597), propõe-se uma interpretação da política de representação nacional da comunidade italiana em Portugal na segunda metade de Quinhentos assim como das suas estreitas relações com Roma e a Santa Sé. Para além disso, salienta-se que na promoção do culto de Nossa Senhora do Loreto em Portugal, a comunidade italiana contribuiu na difusão do mesmo na América Latina.

Ludovice, Laprade e Amaro Pinheiro na sacristia da igreja da Graça de Lisboa contributos para o conhecimento da autoria e da vida quotidiana de uma obra de arte

A construção do presente texto assenta na análise de um conjunto de documentos relativos à sacristia da igreja do convento da Graça de Lisboa, em articulação com a investigação previamente realizada acerca do monumento fúnebre de Mendo de Fóios Pereira, localizado naquele espaço. Os documentos fazem parte de dois manuscritos e reportam-se todos à obra da sacristia mas o uso que deles faremos traduz-se em duas abordagens diferentes e complementares. Enquanto o primeiro documento nos revela nomes dos artistas envolvidos na obra do santuário da sacristia, de 1710 em diante, o segundo é como que a conta corrente das despesas tidas com a sacristia, revelando-nos assim o quotidiano, o ritmo da vida daquele espaço. Finalmente, é importante notar que, quanto aos artistas referidos no primeiro documento, a nossa atenção incidirá preferencialmente sobre aquele que nos tem ocupado em tempos mais recentes, João Frederico Ludovice, verdadeiro director artístico do reinado de D. João V. Ainda que não ignorando naturalmente os restantes, o escultor Claude Laprade e o pintor Estêvão Amaro Pinheiro.

A descoberta de um tecto: alegoria celestial de José António Narciso na sacristia da igreja do Sacramento em Lisboa

Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Fundação Millennium bcp