Polyamide thin film composite membranes prepared from 3,4',5-biphenyl triacyl chloride, 3,3',5,5'-biphenyl tetraacyl chloride and m-phenylenediamine

Two novel of tri- and tetra-functional biphenyl acid chloride: 3,4',5-biphenyl triacyl chloride (BTRC) and 3,3',5,5'-biphenyl tetraacyl chloride (BTEC), were synthesized, and used as new monomers for the preparations of the thin film composite (TFC) reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. The TFC RO membranes were prepared on a polysulfone supporting film through interfacial polymerization with the two new monomers and m-phenylenediamine (MPD). The membranes were characterized for the permeation properties, chemical composition, d-space between polymer chains, hydrophilicity, membrane morphology including top surface and cross-section. Permeation experiment was employed to evaluate the membranes performance including salt rejection and water flux. The surface structure and chemical composition of membranes were analyzed by attenuated total reflectance infrared (ATR-IR) and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). The results revealed that the active layer of membranes was composed of highly cross-linked aromatic polyamide with the functional acylamide (-CONH-) bonds. The TFC membranes prepared from biphenyl acid chloride exhibit higher salt rejection compared with that prepared from trimesoyl chloride (TMC) at the expanse of some flux.

Study on stimulated emission of Eu2+ in crystal KMgF3 : Eu2+

The line emission peak of Eu2+ ion in crystal KMgF3 is at 360 nm. The probability of stimulated emission on 4f(7) (P-6(7/2))-> 4f(7)(S-8(7/2)) transition was predicted with a four-level decay model of Eu2+6P7/2 excited states proposed by the authors. Optic gain and net gain coefficient (g = 11.4 +/- 3.2)cm(-1) of 360 nm emission in crystal KMgF3 : Eu2+ were measured by ASE method, and the predication was proved by experiment. The net gain coefficient can be increased by annealing or doping crystal KMgF3 : Eu2+ with Gd3+ or Ce3+.

高性能Ｍg-RE基合金研究进展

采用铸造或压铸的方法制备了系列Mg-RE 基合金,研究了合金的组织、时效过程和力学性能.结果表明,各种Mg-RE合金的微观组织、相组成以及力学性能既有相似之处也有明显差别,合金的相组成由a-Mg 以及Mg-Gd 基合金中加入其它稀土元素,可有效改善合金的时效硬化特性和提高合金的力学性能.合金性能的提高主要与时效过程中生成的镁稀土化合物强化相有关.

夹心型锰杂多配合物作为磁共振成像造影剂的研究

以两种夹心型锰杂多配合物K10[Mn4(PW9O34)2]·22H2O和Na16[Mn4(H2O)2(P2W15O56)2]·53H2O作为研究对象,采用元素分析和红外光谱对其结构进行了表征,测试其在水中、牛血清白蛋白及运铁蛋白溶液中的弛豫效率,并进行了大鼠活体成像实验.结果表明,这两种锰杂多配合物的弛豫效率高于或接近于目前临床常用的造影剂Gd-DTPA,对肝脏和肾脏MRI信号具有良好的增强效果,是比较好的潜在磁共振成像造影剂候选化合物.

Mn~(2+)-NaY型分子筛作为口服胃肠道MRI造影剂的研究

用离子交换法制备了Mn2+交换的NaY分子筛MnNaY,用红外光谱(IR)和X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等方法进行了表征.研究了Mn2+含量为3.2%的样品在酸性水溶液中的稳定性和离子交换选择性.弛豫时间测量和体内磁共振成像实验表明其弛豫效率变化范围为4.9～9.7mmol·L·s-1,高于目前临床所用造影剂Gd-DTPA,对胃部MRI信号具有良好的增强效果.它是比较好的潜在口服胃肠道造影剂.

The gadolinium complexes with polyoxometalates as potential MRI contrast agents

The two gadolinium (Gd) polyoxometalates, K-15[Gd(BW11O39)(2)] [Gd(BW11)(2)] and K-17[Gd(CuW11O39)(2)] [Gd(CuW11)(2)] have been evaluated by in vivo and in vitro experiments as the candidates of potential tissue-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. T-1 relaxivities of 17.12 mM(-1) . s(-1) for Gd(BW11)(2) and 19.95 mM(-1) . s(-1) for Gd(CuW11)(2) (400MHz, 25 degrees C) were much higher than that of the commercial MRI contrast agent (GdDTPA). Their relaxivities in bovine serum albumin and human serum transferrin solutions were also reported. After administration of Gd(BW11)(2) and Gd(CuW11)(2) to Wistar rats, MRI showed longer and remarkable enhancement in rat liver and favorable renal excretion capability. The signal intensity increased by 37.63 +/- 3.45% for the liver during the whole imaging period (100 min) and by 61.47 +/- 10.03% for kidney within 5-40 min after injection at 40 +/- 1-mu mol . kg(-1) dose for Gd(CuW11)(2), and Gd(BW11)(2) induced 50.44 +/- 3.51% enhancement in the liver in 5-50-min range and 61.47 +/- 10.03% enhancement for kidney within 5-40 min after injection at 39 +/- 4 mu mol . kg(-1) dose. In vitro and in vivo study showed that Gd(BW11)(2) and Gd(CuW11)(2) are favorable candidates as tissue-specific contrast agents for MRI.

Application of rare earths in thermal barrier coating materials

Rare earths are a series of minerals with special properties that make them essential for applications including miniaturized electronics, computer hard disks, display panels, missile guidance, pollution controlling catalysts, H-2-storage and other advanced materials. The use of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) has the potential to extend the working temperature and the life of a gas turbine by providing a layer of thermal insulation between the metallic substrate and the hot gas. Yttria (Y2O3), as one of the most important rare earth oxides, has already been used in the typical TBC material YSZ (yttria stabilized zirconia). In the development of the TBC materials, especially in the latest ten years, rare earths have been found to be more and more important. All the new candidates of TBC materials contain a large quantity of rare earths, such as R2Zr2O7 (R=La, Ce, Nd, Gd), CeO2-YSZ, RMeAl11O19 (R=La, Nd; Me=Mg, Ca, Sr) and LaPO4. The concept of double-ceramic-layer coatings based on the rare earth materials and YSZ is effective for the improvement of the thermal shock life of TBCs at high temperature.

Effects of Pr dopant on grain boundary and electrical properties of Ce5.2Sm0.8MoO15-delta

Material formulated as Ce5.2Sm0.8-xPrxMo15-(delta) (x=0.08) was prepared by adding small amounts of Pr dopant in oxide Ce5.2SM0.8-xPrxMoO15-delta. Structural and electrical properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and AC impedance spectroscopy. The effect of small amounts of Pr on microstructure and electrical conductivity was discussed. It was showed that the material doped with Pr has a lot of dents and small openings, which provide channels for oxygen ions, resulting in lower grain boundary and total conductivity activation energy. Thus the corresponding grain boundary conductivity and total conductivity of the material were improved notably. The grain boundary conductivity of the material doped with Pr is 6.79 X 10(-3) S center dot cm(-1) at 500 degrees C, which is twice as large as that without Pr (5.61 X 10(-5) S center dot cm(-1)).

Synthesis and electrical properties of new solid state. Electrolyte materials Ce5.2RE0.8MoO15-delta

A series of solid state electrolytes, Ce-5.2 RE0.8 MoO15-delta (RE = Y, La, Sm, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er), were synthesized by sol-gel method. Their structures and electrical conductivities were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and AC impedance spectroscopy, respectively. The results show that the concentrations of oxygen vacancy increased with increasing x and their conductivity were improved. And the cell parameters increase as the radius of RE3+ increases. Because the ionic radius of doped Dy3+ (0.0908 nm) is closed to that of Ce4+ (0.0920 nm), their oxide has minimal cell elastic straining between RE3+ and oxygen vacancy, and the system has the least association enthalpy, thus the oxide Ce-5.2 Dy-0.8 MoO15-delta exhibits a higher conductivity (7.02 x 10(-3) S/cm) and lower activation energy (1.056 eV) compared to the other doped compounds.

Influence of structure and lonic radius on solubility limit in the Mg-Re systems

The relationship between structure, ionic radius and electronegativity and solubility of the various rare-earth elements in Mg was studied. It is found that light RE(La-Sm, Eu, Yb) have more complicated phase relation with Mg but the heavy RE(Gd-Lu, Sc) have the similar crystal structure with magnesium. Also it is found that the less electronegativity difference between Mg and RE is, the more solubility limit of RE in Mg is. The fact of the RE solubility decreased in magnesium with lowering temperature suggests that there is a possibility of Mg supersaturated solid solution formation and it will decomposition during aging. According to the rule, an megnesium alloy with higher strength feature was developed. Their mechanical properties are UTS 347MPa, YTS 290MPa and elongation 12.5% at room temperature.

基质晶体的真空紫外光谱研究

初步总结了基质晶体中吸收带位置的规律 ,即氧化物 (CaO∶Eu ,Y2 O3∶Eu ,≈ 2 0 0nm) >多铝酸盐 (BaMgAl1 0 O1 7∶Eu ,≈ 175nm)≥硅酸盐 (Ca2 SiO4 ∶Tb ,160～ 170nm) >硼酸盐 [(Y ,Gd)BO3∶Eu ,15 0～ 160nm]≥钒酸盐 (YVO4 ∶Eu ,≈ 15 5nm)≈正磷酸盐 [(La,Gd)PO4 ∶Eu ,≈ 15 5nm] >五磷酸盐 (TbP5O1 4∶Eu ,≈ 13 5nm) >二磷酸盐 [Sr3(PO4 ) 2 ∶Eu或K3Tb(PO4 ) 2 ∶Eu ,≈ 12 5nm] >氟化物 (LaF3∶Eu或LiYF4 ∶Eu ,≈ 12 0nm)。基质吸收带的位置主要取决于基质的阴离子、阴离子基团 ,以及基质的组成、结构和键能 ,也受基质中阳离子的影响。这一初步规律将有助于人们寻找优质的新型紫外晶体和新型等离子体平板显示器件用的荧光粉。

液相法在Gd2O3:Eu表面包覆SiO2的研究

采用液相法成功的在球形Gd2O3:Eu 荧光粉颗粒表面包覆一层纳米SiO2 保护膜。扫描电镜分析可见包覆SiO2 后颗粒粒径略微变大说明表面包覆一层纳米级的包覆层。XPS 分析表明：SiO2 包覆层与Gd2O3:Eu颗粒表面以Gd(Eu)-O-Si 化学键的方式键合在一起的。荧光光谱分析表明：包覆后的Gd2O3:Eu3+颗粒仍旧是一种很好的发光材料。

Synthesis and characterization of SiO2/Gd2O3 : Eu core-shell luminescent materials

Europium-doped Gd2O3 with an average size of similar to15 nm was coated on the surface of preformed silica nanospheres by the wet chemical method. SEM and TEM photographs showed that SiO2/Gd2O3:Eu core-shell submicrospheres are obtained. XRD patterns indicated that the Gd2O3:Eu shell is crystalline after heat treatment. FTIR and XPS spectra showed that the Gd2O3:Eu shell is linked to the silica surface by forming a Si-O-Gd bond. Photoluminescence studies showed that the luminescent properties are still retained after coating on an inert silica core; additionally, we noted that the emitting peaks are broadened, which results from size effects and interface effects of nanocrystal.

Fabrication, structure and conductivity of hybrid organic/inorganic Langmuir-Blodgett films of polyquinoline/octadecylamine/rare earth-substituted heteropolyanion

Three kinds of hybrid organic/inorganic Langmuir-Blodgett films are obtained by the compact organization of poly (1, 2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethyl)quinoline (abridged as PQ), octadecylamine(abridged as OA) and rare earth-substituted heteropolyanions [abridged as RE(PW11,)(2), RE=Ce-II, Eu-II, Gd-II] using the Langmuir-Blodgett technique. They are characterized by the pi-A isotherms, the absorption spectra, the fluorescence spectra and the atomic force microscope. The scanning tunneling microscopy shows that the conductivity of the hybrid LB films is much better after heteropolyanions having been incorporated in the films.

Solvent extraction of scandium(III), yttrium(III), lanthanum(III) and gadolinium(III) using Cyanex 302 in heptane from hydrochloric acid solutions

The extractions of the selected rare earths (Sc, Y, La and Gd) from hydrochloric acid solutions have been investigated using bis(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl)-mono thiophosphinic acid (Cyanex 302, HL) in heptane as an extractant. The results demonstrate that the extractions of rare earths occur via the following reaction: Sc(OH)(2+) + 2[(HL)(2)]((O)) double left right arrow [Sc(OH)L-2 (.) 2(HL)]((O)) + 2H(+) Y3+ + 3[(HL)(2)]((O)) double left right arrow [Y(HL2)(3)]((O)) + 3H(+) La(OH)(2)(+) + 3[(HL)(2)](O) double left right arrow [La(OH)(2)L (.) 5(HL)]((O)) + H+ Gd(OH)(2+) + 3[(HL)(2)]((O)) double left right arrow [Gd(OH)L-2 (.) 4(HL)]((O)) + 2H(+) The pH(1/2) values and equilibrium constants of the extracted complexes have been deduced by taking into account the aqueous phase complexation of the metal ion with hydroxyl ligands and plausible complexes extracted into the organic phase. According to the pH(1/2) values, it is possible to realize mutual separation among Sc(III), Y(III), La(III) and Gd(III) with Cyanex 302 by controlling aqueous acidity.