Utilização do ágar suco de tomate (ágar V8) na identificação presuntiva de Candida dubliniensis

Avaliou-se a capacidade do ágar suco de tomate (ágar V8) em diferenciar Candida dubliniensis de Candida albicans com base na produção de clamidoconídios. Noventa e três isolados de Candida albicans e vinte e seis de Candida dubliniensis foram incluídos; 100% de Candida dubliniensis formaram clamidoconídios e 92,5% de Candida albicans não evidenciaram estas estruturas. Estes resultados permitem sugerir este meio como recurso alternativo na identificação presuntiva de Candida dubliniensis.

Exploring ionic liquids′ unique stimuli to elucidate uncharacterised cellular and molecular mechanisms in filamentous fungi

The emergence of new fungal pathogens, either of plants or animals, and the increasing number of reported cases of resistant human pathogenic strains to the available antifungal drugs reinforces the need for better understanding the biology of filamentous fungi. Conventional drugs target components of the fungal membrane or cell wall, therefore identifying novel intracellular targets, yet unique to fungi, is a global priority.(...)

Extração de DNA a partir de sangue humano coagulado para aplicação nas técnicas de genotipagem de antígenos leucocitários humanos e de receptores semelhantes à imunoglobulina

O objetivo deste estudo foi padronizar uma metodologia de extração de DNA de alta qualidade a partir de amostras de sangue coagulado. Quarenta e oito amostras de sangue humano coagulado foram utilizadas para a extração de DNA pelo kit comercial EZ-DNA® (Biological Industries, Beit Haemek, Israel), pelo kit de coluna Neoscience® (One Lambda Inc., San Diego, CA) e pelo método modificado de salting out. Apenas o método de salting out foi capaz de extrair altas concentrações de DNA (média, 180ng/µL), as quais foram medidas pelo detector de fluorescência Qubit® (Invitrogen, USA). Este método permitiu a amplificação dos genes HLA (human leukocyte antigens) pela tecnologia PCR-SSO (polymerase chain reaction - specific sequence of oligonucleotides) Luminex, a qual exige DNA de boa qualidade, e de genes KIR (killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors) pela técnica made in house PCR-SSP (polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific of primers), a qual demanda uma concentração específica de DNA (10ng/µL). Concluímos que a técnica de salting out modificada foi muito eficiente, simples e rápida para a extração de DNA de amostras de sangue humano coagulado, com o objetivo de realizar a genotipagem de genes HLA e KIR.

Genes that encodes NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are not virulence factors for kala-azar caused by Leishmania infantum

IntroductionKala-azar is a disease resulting from infection by Leishmania donovani and Leishmania infantum. Most patients with the disease exhibit prolonged fever, wasting, anemia and hepatosplenomegaly without complications. However, some patients develop severe disease with hemorrhagic manifestations, bacterial infections, jaundice, and edema dyspnea, among other symptoms, followed by death. Among the parasite molecules that might influence the disease severity are the macrophage migration inhibitory factor-like proteins (MIF1 and MIF2) and N-acetylglucosamine-1-phosphotransferase (NAGT), which act in the first step of protein N-glycosylation. This study aimed to determine whether MIF1, MIF2 and NAGT are virulence factors for severe kala-azar.MethodsTo determine the parasite genotype in kala-azar patients from Northeastern Brazil, we sequenced the NAGT genes of L. infantum from 68 patients as well as the MIF1 and MIF2 genes from 76 different subjects with diverse clinical manifestations. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the fragments were sequenced, followed by polymorphism identification.ResultsThe nucleotide sequencing of the 144 amplicons revealed the absence of genetic variability of the NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 genes between the isolates. The conservation of these genes suggests that the clinical variability of kala-azar does not depend upon these genes. Additionally, this conservation suggests that these genes may be critical for parasite survival.ConclusionsNAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 do not alter the severity of kala-azar. NAGT, MIF1 and MIF2 are highly conserved among different isolates of identical species and exhibit potential for use in phylogenetic inferences or molecular diagnosis.

Epstein-Barr virus-positive gastric cancer: a distinct molecular subtype of the disease?

Abstract: Approximately 90% of the world population is infected by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). Usually, it infects B lymphocytes, predisposing them to malignant transformation. Infection of epithelial cells occurs rarely, and it is estimated that about to 10% of gastric cancer patients harbor EBV in their malignant cells. Given that gastric cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with a global annual incidence of over 950,000 cases, EBV-positive gastric cancer is the largest group of EBV-associated malignancies. Based on gene expression profile studies, gastric cancer was recently categorized into four subtypes; EBV-positive, microsatellite unstable, genomically stable and chromosomal instability. Together with previous studies, this report provided a more detailed molecular characterization of gastric cancer, demonstrating that EBV-positive gastric cancer is a distinct molecular subtype of the disease, with unique genetic and epigenetic abnormalities, reflected in a specific phenotype. The recognition of characteristic molecular alterations in gastric cancer allows the identification of molecular pathways involved in cell proliferation and survival, with the potential to identify therapeutic targets. These findings highlight the enormous heterogeneity of gastric cancer, and the complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic alterations in the disease, and provide a roadmap to implementation of genome-guided personalized therapy in gastric cancer. The present review discusses the initial studies describing EBV-positive gastric cancer as a distinct clinical entity, presents recently described genetic and epigenetic alterations, and considers potential therapeutic insights derived from the recognition of this new molecular subtype of gastric adenocarcinoma.

Anais de História de Além-Mar

Inclui dossier tamático «As Filipinas nos séculos XVI e XVII: governo do entreposto e relações com os territórios da Ásia», coord. Elsa Penalva e Juan Gil

ESTIMACION DE EDAD Y CRECIMIENTO EN LA "PACORA" (PLAGIOSCION SURINAMENSIS BLEECKER, 1873) POR MEDIO DE LA COMPARACION DE LOS METODOS DE ANALISIS DE DISTRIBUCION DE FRECUENCIAS Y LAS MARCAS EN ESCAMAS Y OTOLITOS

En la presente investigación se estima la edad y creecimiento de la pacora (Plagiosclon surinamensis), por medio de la comparación de los métodoe de distribución de frecuencias, marcas en las escamas y marcae en los otolitos; de esta comparación se concluye que la pacora forma tres anillos en las escamas por año y con base en este método, estableciendo los grupos de edad anuales, se calcula la ecuación de crecimiento de Von Bertalanffy, la cual se expressa de la siguiente manera:Lt (ram) = 775.1 * {1 - e -0.362 * (t - 0.0978)}. La relación talla-peso se calculó ordenando las tallas en intervalos de 10 ram y corresponde a la ecuación:Peso (gr) = 1.1 * 10-5 * L. E.(3.08), no encontrándose diferencias significativas entre el crecimiento de hembras y el de machos. Se complementa la investigación con información sobre tallas mínimas y medias de madurez sexual y espectro trófico de la especie en la parte baja de la cuenca del Río Magdalena y su plano inundable.

Comparação de tamanhos e distâncias de subparcelas aplicadas em processo de amostragem por conglomerado

Realizou-se um estudo com unidades amostrais conglomeradas de estrutura cruzada usando banco de dados de inventário florestal 100% de uma Unidade de produção Anual (UPA-08), localizada na fazenda Martins no alto Pacajá, Município de Portel, Estado do Pará, para estudar os efeitos da variação entre e dentro dos conglomerados usando como referência três variáveis resposta: i) VT = Volume total de madeira das 77 espécies florestais encontradas na área de estudo; ii) VO = Volume Total das 10 espécies florestais de maior ocorrência e volume na área de estudo; e iii) VC = Volume Total das 10 espécies florestais mais comercializadas pela empresa Cikel, tendo como objetivo determinar o tamanho e a distância ideal de subparcelas a partir do Método da Curvatura Máxima, uma vez definido o tamanho, sua área é fixada e então são estudadas cinco diferentes valores para determinar a distancia ideal do centro do conglomerado até as subparcelas e entre as mesmas. Os resultados permitiram inferir que o tamanho de subparcela 0,10 ha, a distância de 50 m entre as subparcelas, e a estrutura cruzada com 8 (subparcelas) são eficientes para estimar os parâmetros estudados.

Monitoramento da biodeterioração da madeira de três espécies amazônicas pela técnica da colorimetria

Objetivou-se avaliar o emprego da colorimetria na caracterização da biodeterioração das madeiras de marupá, jequitibá e cumaru submetidas ao ataque de fungos de podridão branca e parda. Para tanto, corpos de prova de cada espécie amazônica foram submetidos a ensaios de apodrecimento acelerado, de acordo com a American Society for Testing and Materials - ASTM D2017, durante 20 semanas. Os parâmetros colorimétricos L* (luminosidade), a* (coordenada verde-vermelho), b* (coordenada amarelo-azul) e a variação total da cor (∆E) foram determinados semanalmente até a quarta semana, e posteriormente a cada duas semanas até a vigésima semana, com auxílio de um espectrofotocolorímetro. Adicionalmente, foram determinadas as perdas de massa dos corpos de prova. Os resultados permitiram destacar que a colorimetria foi eficaz no monitoramento da biodeterioração da madeira, bem como para diferenciação da podridão branca e parda. As melhores predições da resistência natural aos fungos de podridão branca e parda foram obtidas com os parâmetros b* e L*, respectivamente. Enfatiza-se também, o emprego da ∆E como parâmetro auxiliar na estimativa da biodeterioração da madeira, em razão de suas correlações significativas com a perda de massa.

Mangrove sedimentary characteristics and implications for crab Ucides cordatus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Ucididae) distribution in an estuarine area of the Amazonian region

At the coastal zone sediments, water and organisms interact intensely. At equatorial tidal-dominated coast mangroves are abundant. These areas are well-known for their ecological importance. Considering the mangroves of Atlantic South America, the mangrove crab, Ucides cordatus has ecological and economic prominence. High densities of this crab are found on the Amazon coast. This study investigates the sediment distribution of the Bragança mangrove area (Amazon coast, Brazil) and its correlations with vegetation and mangrove crab distribution. Sediments of 47 sites, as well as crabs from sites with different sediment and vegetation, were sampled. Results show that surface sediment of the area is mainly composed by silt (59%), with 21% sand and 20% clay. Variations in sorting and skewness are the product of local variations in clay and sand content. The vegetation type was significantly correlated to mangrove crab characteristics, abundance and weight/size. Sediment characteristics are also substantially different according to the vegetation type. Areas where Avicennia germinans prevails have more sand and clay than areas of Rizophora mangle, in which silt is dominant and crabs were significantly heavier. The present results have showed that the distribution of sediments, crabs and vegetation at mangrove areas are strongly correlated. Thus, they should be studied in conjunction.

Accuracy comparison of implant impression techniques: A systematic review

Background Several studies link the seamless fit of implant-supported prosthesis with the accuracy of the dental impression technique obtained during acquisition. In addition, factors such as implant angulation and coping shape contribute to implant misfit. Purpose To identify the most accurate impression technique and factors affecting the impression accuracy. Material and Methods A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature was conducted analyzing articles published between 2009 and 2013. The following search terms were used: implant impression, impression accuracy, and implant misfit. A total of 417 articles was identified, 32 were selected for review. Results All 32 selected studies refer to in vitro studies. Fourteen articles compare open and closed impression technique, 8 advocate the open technique and 6 report similar results. Other 14 articles evaluate splinted and non-splinted techniques; all advocating the splinted technique. Polyether material usage was reported in 9; 6 studies tested vinyl polysiloane and 1 study used irreversible hydrocolloid. Eight studies evaluated different copings designs. Intra-oral optical devices were compared in 4 studies. Conclusions The most accurate results were achieved with two configurations: (1) the optical intra-oral system with powder; and (2) the open technique with splinted squared transfer copings, using polyether as impression material.

Leaf anatomical features of three Theobroma species (Malvaceae s.l.) native to the Brazilian Amazon

Theobroma species have economic importance due to their use in the cosmetic and food industries, mainly in the production of chocolate. However, the anatomy of their vegetative structures remains poorly studied. The goal of this study was to describe the anatomical features of Theobroma grandiflorum, T. speciosum and T. subincanum to contribute to the biological knowledge of these species, as well as provide support to the biotechnological studies of native fruit plants of the Amazon. Leaves at different developmental stages were collected and analyzed under light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Sessile and stalked stellate trichomes and digitiform glandular trichomes were observed in the expanded leaves of T. grandiflorum and T. subincanum. These species were also similar in the morphology of the midrib, the organization of the mesophyll and the presence of starch grains in the midrib pith cells. Claviform glandular trichomes and mucilage cells in the epidermis occurred only in the expanded leaves of T. speciosum. The presence of mucilage secretory trichomes in shoot apices (colleters) of all species is a new finding for the genus Theobroma.

Structure and distribution of glandular trichomes in three species of Bignoniaceae

Glandular trichomes play a major role in the morphological characterization of the Bignoniaceae. Due to their great diversity of forms and functions, this study aimed to inventory the glandular trichomes present in the aerial vegetative axis of Amphilophium magnoliifolium, Martinella obovata and Stizophyllum riparium, analyze their structure and register the participation of ants in these plants. Fresh samples from the nodal region, petiole and from medium to apical regions of the leaflet blade were fixed and processed according to usual methods in light and scanning electron microscopies. The glandular trichomes found were: peltate, capitate, stipitate, and patelliform/cupular. Peltate trichomes are the most abundant ones and present the most uniform distribution. Patelliform/cupular trichomes occur at specific regions, such as prophylls, leaflet blade and nodal regions. Martinella obovata is the only species that presents capitate and stipitate trichomes, which are widely distributed along the entire aerial vegetative axis. Ants were found in all species, mainly at nodal regions. The occurrence of the capitate-type trichome is reported for the first time to the genus.

Tailored deposition of coloured coatings: on the widening of the available colour range

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia de Materiais