998 resultados para Detecção de planos
Resumo:
O estudo aqui apresentado teve como objetivo compreender como é que os alunos aprendem Geometria. Para melhor estudar este problema, o mesmo foi dissecado em três questões: (a) Qual o papel dos materiais manipuláveis na estruturação do pensamento geométrico dos alunos? (b) Como comunicam as ideias geométricas? (c) Como é que os modelos concretos facilitam a passagem do concreto para o abstrato? Analisou-se o trabalho de uma turma do oitavo ano de escolaridade em torno da realização de duas tarefas que compreendiam a dedução dos critérios de paralelismo e perpendicularidade entre planos, e entre retas e planos, e a resolução de problemas realistas com base nesses critérios. A investigação realizada foi de natureza qualitativa e os dados foram recolhidos pela investigadora através de registos audiovisuais, com câmara e vídeo, do trabalho dos alunos. A análise dos dados fez-se com base nas questões acima apresentadas. Das conclusões que advêm do estudo destaca-se o papel essencial dos materiais manipuláveis, e dos modelos concretos, na construção e concetualização do conhecimento geométrico dos alunos. De referir ainda a importância das atividades de natureza exploratória e investigativa, as quais incidiram sobre problemas abertos, onde as descobertas feitas foram mais convincentes e surpreendentes e a explicação lógica das mesmas permitiram matematizar a realidade.
Resumo:
Com a realização deste trabalho, pretendeu-se traçar o perfil padrão da composição volátil típico de fluidos biológicos (urina) de indivíduos sem patologia oncológica (grupo de controlo) comparando-os com os de pacientes (grupo com patologia oncológica). As amostras de urina de ambos os grupos foram analisadas por microextracção em fase sólida em modo de headspace acoplada à espectrometria de massa (HS-SPME-GC/qMS). Com o intuito de aumentar a eficiência de extracção da SPME, foram optimizados alguns parâmetros com influência no processo extractivo, nomeadamente o tipo de fibra, o tempo e a temperatura de extracção. Assim sendo, foram testadas e comparadas seis fibras comercialmente disponíveis, polidimetilsiloxano (PDMS, 100 m), poliacrilato (PA, 85 m), carboxeno-polidimetilsiloxano (CAR/PDMS, 75 m), carbowax-divinilbenzeno (CW/DVB, 65 m), divinilbenzeno-carboxen-polidimetilsiloxano (DVB/CAR/PDMS, 50/30 m) e polidimetilsiloxano-divinilbenzeno (PDMS/DVB, 65 m). A influência do tempo (30, 45, 60 e 75 min) e temperatura (30, 50 e 60 ºC) de extracção foram optimizados de modo a obter uma melhor eficiência de extracção dos compostos voláteis presentes nas amostras de urina. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos usando a fibra carboxeno-polidimetilsiloxano (CAR/PDMS, 75 m), com uma velocidade de agitação de 800 rpm durante 75 min a uma temperatura de 50 ºC. Para os dois grupos em estudo, foram identificados 80 compostos voláteis pertencentes a diversas famílias químicas, nomeadamente, aldeídos, cetonas, derivados benzénicos, compostos terpénicos, ácidos orgânicos, compostos furânicos, compostos sulfurados, fenóis voláteis, ésteres, álcoois superiores e derivados do naftaleno. Os compostos maioritários pertencentes aos grupos analisados foram a 4-heptanona, a 2-pentanona, a acetona, a 2-butanona, o 1(2- furanil)etanona, o 3-metil-3-fenil-2-propenal, o 3,4-dimetilbenzaldeído, o decanal, o dissulfureto de dimetilo, o metanotiol, o 2-metoxitiofeno, o 4-metil-fenol, o p-tert-butil-fenol, o 2,4-bis(1,1- dimetiletil)fenol, o fenol, o m-cimeno, o p-cimeno, o tolueno, o 1-etil-3,5-diisopropilbenzeno, o 2,6-dimetil-7-octen-2-ol, a D-carvona, o vitispirano I e o vitispirano II. O teste One-Way ANOVA foi aplicado aos resultados com o intuito de verificar se existiam diferenças significativas entre os grupos avaliados (Controlo e Oncológico), sendo o dissulfureto de dimetilo, o 2-metoxitiofeno, e o p-cimeno estatisticamente significativos. A aplicação da análise multivariável às amostras de urina das diferentes patologias permitiu diferenciá-las no qual se obteve 81,02% da variância total.A aplicação da análise multivariável às amostras de urina das diferentes patologias permitiu diferenciá-las no qual se obteve 81,02% da variância total. A patologia de Hodgkin é influenciada pelas variáveis heptanal e o 2-metil-3-fenil-2-propenal. O Controlo é afectado essencialmente pelas variáveis p-cimeno, 1,4,5-trimetilnaftaleno e o dissulfureto de dimetilo. O Cólon é influenciado pelo 4-metilfenol, anisole e 1,2-dihidro-1,1,6-trimetil-naftaleno. O 1-octanol e a 3-heptanona influenciam, essencialmente as patologias da Mama e Leucemia.
Resumo:
This research studies the relation between city and nature in the urbanity s plans from Natal RN, Brazil, during the 20th century. Investigates and analyses the main documents that bring environmental s ideas inside from the urbanity s plans of Natal; gives the historical and economical situation from the city in each period studied; features the urbanity s plans, using categories of analyses to comprehension of this instruments. Try to contribute in the bigger process of historical rescue of Natal, and stimulates new studies. It was used documental s research, and bibliographic material. It was identified four (04) kinds of plans: the ones that focus in health and aesthetic (1901, 1929, 1935) technology and science (1968), zoning and control (1974, 1984) and environment. The hints founded shows that environmental ideas were put inside of the plans by government demands, especially in 1994 s plan, almost always without popular contribution and without this population get understands its meanings and implications
Resumo:
A Constituição Federal de 1988 e o Estatuto da Cidade estabelecem o Plano Diretor como instrumento básico da política de ordenamento territorial, tendo como princípio fundamental o cumprimento da função social da propriedade e do direito à cidade. Na perspectiva de adequação às diretrizes e objetivos da política urbana estabelecidos em 1988, o município de Natal elaborou os Planos Diretores de 1994 e 2007, definindo instrumentos e parâmetros de regulação do uso e ocupação do solo possíveis de assegurar o cumprimento da função social da propriedade urbana e de gerar subsídios ao planejamento e à gestão da cidade. Apesar de Natal ter sido um dos municípios brasileiros pioneiros na adoção desses princ pios, antecipando e incorporando os instrumentos que em 2001 viriam a ser definidos no Estatuto da Cidade, identifica-se que alguns desses instrumentos e parâmetros direcionados à regulação do uso e ocupação do solo não tiveram sua aplicação plena, a exemplo do mecanismo de acompanhamento e controle dado pelo Estoque de Área Edificável e da Densidade, que foi substituída pelo Coeficiente de Aproveitamento no Plano Diretor de 2007. Questionando esse procedimento, busca-se na presente pesquisa investigar de que maneira essa substituição do parâmetro densidade pelo coeficiente de aproveitamento influenciou na capacidade da gestão pública de regular os processos de uso e ocupação do solo, de forma a adequar a sua intensificação ao suporte da infraestrutura instalada. Foram tomadas como referência teórico-conceitual as contribuições sobre a prática de planejamento urbano no Brasil, nos marcos do ideário da reforma urbana, com destaque para as reflexõe s de Flávio Villaça, Orlando Alves Santos Junior e Daniel Todtmann Montandon, Luiz César de Q. Ribeiro, Raquel Rolnik, Ermínia Maricato, Laura Machado de Bueno e Renato Cymbalista, José Roberto Bassul e Carlos F. Lago Burnett, e, com relação aos parâmetros de controle urbanístico, o estudo identifica as diferentes abordagens sobre a densidade urbana e o coeficiente de aproveitamento com base nas reflexões de Claudio Acioly Jr., Forbes Davidson, Juan Luis Mascaró, Ricardo Ojima, Marcelo de Souza, José Rámon Navarro Vera e Armando Ortuño Padilla, Nestor Goulart Reis, Marta Dora Grostein e Susana Ricardo Alves. Como conclusão, discute-se a hipótese formulada, inicialmente, de que a mudança de parâmetros verificada colocou limites para o município realizar uma gestão adequada do solo urbano e, portanto, de fazer cumprir a função social da propriedade, considerando a necessidade de adequação entre a intensificação do uso e ocupação do solo e a infraestrutura instalada
Resumo:
To Analyze the Managing Plans of Natal in the decades of 1970, 1980 and 1990, identifying elements that had contributed for the growth of the Lagoa Nova quarter, capital one of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Ahead of the sped up growth of the urban centers, many times is not given to analyze which law had taken care of to its objective, and which the imperfections that had appeared during the application of these laws. To make the comparisons in you square them chosen at there distantinct times made possible to analyze the form as the ground of Lagoa Nova absorbed the proposals laws.Therefore toanalyze influences it of the Managing Plans, to make comparatives analyses between the urbanistics condicion, made possible to understand that the fabric urban of the quarter of Lagoa Nova is a true granary of information that it makes possible to the dedicated ones to the urban studies, a true field of analysis
Resumo:
Shrimp farming is one of the activities that contribute most to the growth of global aquaculture. However, this business has undergone significant economic losses due to the onset of viral diseases such as Infectious Myonecrosis (IMN). The IMN is already widespread throughout Northeastern Brazil and affects other countries such as Indonesia, Thailand and China. The main symptom of disease is myonecrosis, which consists of necrosis of striated muscles of the abdomen and cephalothorax of shrimp. The IMN is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV), a non-enveloped virus which has protrusions along its capsid. The viral genome consists of a single molecule of double-stranded RNA and has two Open Reading Frames (ORFs). The ORF1 encodes the major capsid protein (MCP) and a potential RNA binding protein (RBP). ORF2 encodes a probable RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and classifies IMNV in Totiviridae family. Thus, the objective of this research was study the IMNV complete genome and encoded proteins in order to develop a system differentiate virus isolates based on polymorphisms presence. The phylogenetic relationship among some totivirus was investigated and showed a new group to IMNV within Totiviridae family. Two new genomes were sequenced, analyzed and compared to two other genomes already deposited in GenBank. The new genomes were more similar to each other than those already described. Conserved and variable regions of the genome were identified through similarity graphs and alignments using the four IMNV sequences. This analyze allowed mapping of polymorphic sites and revealed that the most variable region of the genome is in the first half of ORF1, which coincides with the regions that possibly encode the viral protrusion, while the most stable regions of the genome were found in conserved domains of proteins that interact with RNA. Moreover, secondary structures were predicted for all proteins using various softwares and protein structural models were calculated using threading and ab initio modeling approaches. From these analyses was possible to observe that the IMNV proteins have motifs and shapes similar to proteins of other totiviruses and new possible protein functions have been proposed. The genome and proteins study was essential for development of a PCR-based detection system able to discriminate the four IMNV isolates based on the presence of polymorphic sites
Resumo:
This master dissertation presents the study and implementation of inteligent algorithms to monitor the measurement of sensors involved in natural gas custody transfer processes. To create these algoritmhs Artificial Neural Networks are investigated because they have some particular properties, such as: learning, adaptation, prediction. A neural predictor is developed to reproduce the sensor output dynamic behavior, in such a way that its output is compared to the real sensor output. A recurrent neural network is used for this purpose, because of its ability to deal with dynamic information. The real sensor output and the estimated predictor output work as the basis for the creation of possible sensor fault detection and diagnosis strategies. Two competitive neural network architectures are investigated and their capabilities are used to classify different kinds of faults. The prediction algorithm and the fault detection classification strategies, as well as the obtained results, are presented
Resumo:
The transport of fluids through pipes is used in the oil industry, being the pipelines an important link in the logistics flow of fluids. However, the pipelines suffer deterioration in their walls caused by several factors which may cause loss of fluids to the environment, justifying the investment in techniques and methods of leak detection to minimize fluid loss and environmental damage. This work presents the development of a supervisory module in order to inform to the operator the leakage in the pipeline monitored in the shortest time possible, in order that the operator log procedure that entails the end of the leak. This module is a component of a system designed to detect leaks in oil pipelines using sonic technology, wavelets and neural networks. The plant used in the development and testing of the module presented here was the system of tanks of LAMP, and its LAN, as monitoring network. The proposal consists of, basically, two stages. Initially, assess the performance of the communication infrastructure of the supervisory module. Later, simulate leaks so that the DSP sends information to the supervisory performs the calculation of the location of leaks and indicate to which sensor the leak is closer, and using the system of tanks of LAMP, capture the pressure in the pipeline monitored by piezoresistive sensors, this information being processed by the DSP and sent to the supervisory to be presented to the user in real time
Resumo:
This work presents a proposal to detect interface in atmospheric oil tanks by installing a differential pressure level transmitter to infer the oil-water interface. The main goal of this project is to maximize the quantity of free water that is delivered to the drainage line by controlling the interface. A Fuzzy Controller has been implemented by using the interface transmitter as the Process Variable. Two ladder routine was generated to perform the control. One routine was developed to calculate the error and error variation. The other was generate to develop the fuzzy controller itself. By using rules, the fuzzy controller uses these variables to set the output. The output is the position variation of the drainage valve. Although the ladder routine was implemented into an Allen Bradley PLC, Control Logix family it can be implemented into any brand of PLCs
Resumo:
In the artificial lift method by Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP), the energy is transmitted for the well´s deep through a flat electric handle, where it is converted into mechanical energy through an engine of sub-surface, which is connected to a centrifugal pump. This transmits energy to the fluid under the pressure form, bringing it to the surface In this method the subsurface equipment is basically divided into: pump, seal and motor. The main function of the seal is the protect the motor, avoiding the motor´s oil be contaminated by oil production and the consequent burning of it. Over time, the seal will be wearing and initiates a contamination of motor oil, causing it to lose its insulating characteristics. This work presents a design of a magnetic sensor capable of detecting contamination of insulating oil used in the artificial lift method of oil-type Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). The objective of this sensor is to generate alarm signal just the moment when the contamination in the isolated oil is present, enabling the implementation of a predictive maintenance. The prototype was designed to work in harsh conditions to reach a depth of 2000m and temperatures up to 150°C. It was used a simulator software to defined the mechanical and electromagnetic variables. Results of field experiments were performed to validate the prototype. The final results performed in an ESP system with a 62HP motor showed a good reliability and fast response of the prototype.
Resumo:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Resumo:
The research arose from the necessity of showing ways to be followed by the actors of the System Guaranteeing Rights of the Child and Adolescent (SGD), regarding the implementation of rights for young people, because the legislation in force in Brazil is currently considered a model around the world and, paradoxically, the fundamental rights of children and adolescents are not met, even with the constitutionally guaranteed priority. Thus, the study investigates the fundamentality rights for young people, enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic, as well as the ways of effectiveness of these rights through the actions of actors of the System Guaranteeing Rights, especially the judiciary. Focusing realized, studying theories of fundamental rights, especially Structuring a Theory of Law (Strukturiende Rechtslehre), Friedrich Müller, who emphasizes the need for analysis of social reality in the application of the rule of law. Study also the public budget and public policies concerning children and adolescents, with emphasis on preparation of budget laws and the process of discussion, deliberation, choice and implementation of public policies for children and teenagers. It then presents the typical functions of the members of System Guaranteeing Rights, as well as prepare a plan for optimum performance for each of the actors, with emphasis on analysis of the implementation of public policies at the municipal level. Finally, it analyzes the theory of separation of three powers, and discusses the positive and negative factors for judicial intervention, concluding that the Courts can consider the action activist, from finding the omission of the Executive and legislative branches, as regards the implementation of the rights of children and adolescents, as well as the rights of children and young people are not realized in most cases, due to the omission of actors of the System Guaranteeing Rights
Resumo:
Leishmaniose é uma enfermidade multissistêmica cujas manifestações clínicas são extremamente variáveis. em cães sinais clínicos oftálmicos são relativamente frequentes, ainda que outros sinais sistêmicos não sejam identificados. Atualmente, o diagnóstico da doença baseia-se em métodos parasitológicos, sorológicos e moleculares, mas, até o momento, a identificação de formas amastigotas desse parasito em esfregaços feitos a partir de suabes conjuntivais não é empregada rotineiramente. Valendo-se de cães sorologicamente positivos para leishmaniose, portadores (G1) ou não (G2) de alterações oftálmicas, este estudo avaliou a viabilidade do esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival como método de diagnóstico para a enfermidade. O exame suprarreferido foi positivo em 60% dos animais do G1 e 38,1% do G2, no entanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa em relação à positividade nos dois grupos (P=0,2167). Os dados apontam para uma tendência de os cães com leishmaniose e com sinais oftálmicos serem positivos ao exame parasitológico de esfregaço a partir de suabe conjuntival, podendo esse método ser útil no diagnóstico parasitológico da leishmaniose canina.