Mudan��as na rela����o entre estado e mercado na produ����o de habita����o de interesse social em Parnamirim-RN

The formulation of public policies, particularly those relating to social housing ��� SH -, follow a dialectical process of construction, which are involved in the figures of the State and tha Market.The combination of the State and Market remains in constant tension and struggle for power, which provides beyond products (policies, programs and projects), periods of crises and disruptions that can give rise to new institutional arrangements. It is possible to verify a change in the relationship between the State and the Market in the formulation of public policies of SH financing, justified by the context of the Brazilian economy growth, especially after 2003, year that began the first Lula Federal Government , and through the international financial crisis (in 2008). Thus, the State and the Real Estate Market has been undergoing a process of redefinition of their interrelations, articulating new arrangements, new scales of action and new logics of financial valorization of urban space. This peculiarity demanded the rapid thinning of speech and the proposals in the reformulation of housing policies, with the primary result within the pre-existing Growth Acceleration Program ��� PAC -, the release of My House , My Life ��� PMCMV -, established by Law 1.977 of the year 2009. Given the above, this research has as study object the relationship between financing public policies of SH, promoted by the State, and behavior of Formal Housing Market. It is believed that the established roles for each agent in the new housing finance model introduced with the PMCMV, have been adapted according to the needs of each location to make this a workable policy. It remains to identify the nature of these adaptations, in other words, what has changed in the performance of each agent involved in this process. Knowing that private capital remains where there is more chance of profit, we tend to believe that most of the adjustments were made on scale of State action. The recommendation of easing urban legislation taken by PMCMV points to how the State has been making these changes in activity to implement the production of social housing by this program. We conclude that in the change for PMCMV, the direct relationship for construction and housing projects financing began to be made between the Caixa Econ��mica Federal bank and the builders. The city was liberated from the direct interlocutor role between all actors involved in the production of SH and could concentrate on negotiating with the parties, focused on the effectiveness of SH public policies proposed by PMCMV. This ability and willingness for dialogue and negotiation of municipal government (represented by their managers), undoubtedly, represents a key factor for rapprochement between State and Real Estate Market in the City of Parnamirim.

Mecanismos de transmiss��o de pre��os e parcelas de mercado: uma an��lise sobre as exporta����es brasileiras de manga

Climate and environmental conditions allowed Brazil to become one of the largest producers of tropical fruits in the world. The S��o Francisco Valley, over the years, has emerged as the main fruit-producing region of the country, especially mangos and grapes. The mango, which is produced in this region, has reached a good international position, especially in European and American markets. However, the domestic price has absorbed more and more the impact of fluctuations in the international market expectations affecting the production and marketing of producers. The objective of the study is to analyze the transmission ratio of export prices of the mango, with the American market prices and the European Union in the period from 2003 to 2013. It is intended also to analyze the factors affecting the fluctuations of exports Brazilian mango for the main import markets. To achieve the proposed objectives, we used, in the methodology, the autoregressive vector model, in order to find the price transmission mechanism and the mechanisms of impacts through the impulse response function. We also used, the Constant Market Share model, in order to observe the importance of the effects competitiveness, destination, and growth in world trade on the changes of Brazilian mango exports in the period. The data used were obtained from the database of the Ministry of Development and Foreign Trade - MIDIC and FAOSTAT (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Among the results, it was found that the Brazilian domestic prices are influenced by the US market price, and that price shocks promoted this market can impact on the growth of the internal prices for several months. It was noted also that the competitiveness effect accounted for the largest portion of the effective growth of Brazilian exports, in other word, the country has improved its competitiveness among the other exporting countries.

O BOCA A BOCA ON-LINE: AS IMPLICA����ES DA VOZ DO CONSUMIDOR NA COMUNICA����O DE MERCADO

O consumidor contempor��neo, inserido em um novo ambiente de comunica����o, potencializa suas express��es, capaz de avaliar uma marca ou produto e transmitir sua opini��o pelas redes sociais, ou seja, o consumidor expressa suas opini��es e desejos dialogando com seus pares de forma espont��nea nas redes sociais on-line. �� neste ambiente de participa����o e intera����o (ciberespa��o) que est�� nosso objeto de estudo, o boca a boca on-line ��� a voz do consumidor contempor��neo, tamb��m conhecido como uma manifesta����o informativa pessoal ou uma conversa, a opinion sharing. Proporcionado pelos consumidores nas redes sociais on-line, o boca a boca se fortalece em fun����o das possibilidades de intera����o, caracter��stica da sociedade em rede. Nesse cen��rio, oobjetivo desta pesquisa �� caracterizar o boca a boca on-line como um novo fluxo comunicacional entre consumidores, hoje potencializado pelas novas tecnologias da comunica����o, capazes de alterar a percep����o da marca e demonstrar o uso, pelas marcas, das redes sociais on-line ainda como um ambiente de comunica����o unidirecional. Mediante tr��s casos selecionados por conveni��ncia (dois casos nacionais e um internacional), o corpus de an��lise de nossa pesquisa se limitou aos 5.084 coment��rios disponibilizados ap��s publica����o de mat��rias jornal��sticas no Portal G1 e nas fanpages (Facebook), ambos relativos aos casos selecionados. Com a An��lise de Conte��do dos posts, identificamos e categorizamos a fala do consumidor contempor��neo, sendo assim poss��vel comprovar que as organiza����es/marcas se valem da cultura do massivo, n��o dialogando com seus consumidores, pois utilizam as redes sociais on-line ainda de forma unidirecional, al��m de n��o darem a devida aten����o ao atual fluxo onde se evidencia a opini��o compartilhada dos consumidores da sociedade em rede.

AUTOM��VEIS CHINESES CHERY NO MERCADO BRASILEIRO (2010-2014) ��� UM ESTUDO DE CASO

A globaliza����o possibilitou aos pa��ses buscarem seus consumidores em qualquer parte, sendo o Brasil o quarto mercado consumidor de autom��veis do mundo, e praticamente todos os fabricantes globais buscaram estar presentes neste mercado. Com os chineses, detentores do t��tulo de maiores produtores mundiais de autom��veis, n��o seria diferente. Contudo, ao contr��rio do crescimento constante de sua produ����o mundial, viram suas vendas estagnarem em baixos n��veis no Brasil nos ��ltimos anos. O objetivo deste estudo �� compreender o mau desempenho de vendas da marca Chery no Brasil, sob a ��ptica dos gerentes de vendas das ag��ncias de carros usados e dos ex-propriet��rios. Para tentar responder a esta quest��o, optou-se por um estudo de car��ter explorat��rio, por meio de uma revis��o bibliogr��fica e uma pesquisa qualitativa, com entrevistas abertas em profundidade com base em um roteiro preestabelecido e um recorte na cidade de S��o Paulo ��� SP. Utilizou-se tamb��m uma pesquisa secund��ria em meios eletr��nicos, que confirmou as informa����es obtidas na pesquisa de campo. Conforme apresentado no trabalho, todas as marcas tiveram redu����o em suas vendas, por��m, as marcas chinesas sofreram maiores redu����es que ��s marcas ditas nacionais. Na pesquisa, observa-se que tr��s fatores foram decisivos para o mau desempenho das marcas chinesas e, consequentemente, da marca Chery tamb��m. O primeiro foi o aumento do Imposto sobre Produtos Industrializados (IPI), o segundo foi a crise econ��mica que o Brasil atravessa e o terceiro foi a rejei����o aos carros da Chery. Essa rejei����o deveu-se a v��rios fatores, somados ��s experi��ncias negativas que consumidores tiveram com marcas de ve��culos importados que deixaram o pa��s, a imagem de que produtos chineses s��o c��pias e ao hipot��tico preconceito que produtos chineses s��o de baixa qualidade. Portanto, ouvindo os entrevistados e por meio dos coment��rios sobre a marca Chery nos meios eletr��nicos, pode-se deduzir que somente a crise econ��mica e o aumento de impostos n��o justificam totalmente o mau desempenho de vendas da marca Chery. Essa an��lise indica que os fatores de rejei����o aos ve��culos da marca Chery tiveram participa����o decisiva nesta queda significativa de suas vendas no per��odo de 2010 a 2014.

Regionalismo estrat��gico : una respuesta frente a la glocalizaci��n. El desarrollo urbano posfordista en el este de Alemania

Los procesos de asociatividad territorial de una ciudad pueden derivar en proyectos de regionalizaci��n a diferentes escalas. Otrora, factores como conectividad, accesibilidad y proximidad eran imprescindibles para el posicionamiento urbano. En la actual glocalizaci��n ellos son insuficientes y dan lugar a desarrollos urbanos posfordistas. La ideolog��a de la competitividad llevada al territorio condujo a diversos tipos de estrategias para jugar el juego de seducci��n al capital. La regi��n emerge como la forma territorial que posibilita la entrada al "mercado de los lugares" que pertenecen al mundo global. La promoci��n de regiones es una estrategia para reforzar identidad frente a la globalizaci��n y funciona como factor para atraer actividades y poblaci��n. No todas las ciudades tienen "��xito" pero la participaci��n de agentes y la parad��jica combinaci��n de competitividad y asociatividad permiten corregir distorsiones. Aqu�� se aborda el caso de la ciudad-regi��n Weimar, donde el regionalismo estrat��gico surge como uno de los caminos de reproducci��n urbana.

Regionalismo estrat��gico : una respuesta frente a la glocalizaci��n. El desarrollo urbano posfordista en el este de Alemania

Los procesos de asociatividad territorial de una ciudad pueden derivar en proyectos de regionalizaci��n a diferentes escalas. Otrora, factores como conectividad, accesibilidad y proximidad eran imprescindibles para el posicionamiento urbano. En la actual glocalizaci��n ellos son insuficientes y dan lugar a desarrollos urbanos posfordistas. La ideolog��a de la competitividad llevada al territorio condujo a diversos tipos de estrategias para jugar el juego de seducci��n al capital. La regi��n emerge como la forma territorial que posibilita la entrada al "mercado de los lugares" que pertenecen al mundo global. La promoci��n de regiones es una estrategia para reforzar identidad frente a la globalizaci��n y funciona como factor para atraer actividades y poblaci��n. No todas las ciudades tienen "��xito" pero la participaci��n de agentes y la parad��jica combinaci��n de competitividad y asociatividad permiten corregir distorsiones. Aqu�� se aborda el caso de la ciudad-regi��n Weimar, donde el regionalismo estrat��gico surge como uno de los caminos de reproducci��n urbana.

O Marketing no Mercado Globalizado Utilizando a Ferramenta Advertainment Aplicado ao Comportamento do Consumidor

O objetivo central deste trabalho foi identificar e analisar o estudo relacionado ao marketing, relacionando propaganda, entretenimento e como as suas campanhas podem influenciar diretamente na opini��o das pessoas, tendo como resultado uma crescente influ��ncia ao consumismo, apresentando a import��ncia do advertainment para o mercado publicit��rio. Como referencia te��rica descreveu-se o comportamento e a percep����o do consumidor e a forma de oferta do produto em quest��o tendo como fundamenta����o do tema autores como Kotler (2005), Las Casas (2006), Dias (2006), Cappo (2004) e Longo (2007), entre outros. A pesquisa foi operacionalizada atrav��s de uma pesquisa de car��ter descritiva. Caracteriza-se por uma pesquisa sistem��tica da literatura com consulta em livros t��cnicos, revistas especializadas, peri��dicos, meios eletr��nicos, entrevistas pessoais, junto �� mostra de pessoas relacionadas ao processo comportamental de consumidor, marketing, inova����o e desenvolvimento do mercado. Os procedimentos metodol��gicos adotados durante o percurso de fundamenta����o verificou-se a rela����o entre consumidores e m��dias tradicionais, pesquisa e an��lise dos dados obtidos, possibilitaram definir os m��todos mais adequados de pesquisa, que foram obtidos por meio de question��rios contribuindo para o alcance dos objetivos propostos para o presente trabalho. Finalmente, foram apresentados os resultados e respondeu-se a pergunta de pesquisa e os fatores de aten����o na recep����o da mensagem, as mudan��as que a propaganda vem sofrendo com o advento das novas tecnologias e o desenvolvimento do marketing. / The main objective was to identify and analyze the study related to the marketing, linking advertisement, entertainment and how your campaigns can directly influence peoples views, resulting in an increasing influence of consumerism, showing the importance of ''advertainment'' for the advertising market. As a reference theory described the behavior and perceptions of consumers and how to offer the product under consideration and reasoning as the song writers such as kotler(2005), Las Casas(2006), Dias(2006), Cappo(2004) and Long (2007), among others. The research was implemented through a descriptive study of character. It's characterized by a systematic search of the literature in consultation with technical books, journals, periodicals, electronic media, personal interviews with the show of people related to the process of consumer behavior, marketing, innovation and market development. The methodological procedures adopted during the course of reasoning there was a relationship between consumers and traditional media, research and analysis of data obtained allowed us to define the most appropriate methds of research, which were obtained through questionnaires contributing to the achievement of the objectives proposed to this work. Finally, the results were presented and responded to the research question and the factors of attention at the reception of the message, the changes that advertising has been suffering with the advent of new technologies and development of marketing.

An��lise da sobre-rea����o e sub-rea����o nos ativos de primeira e segunda linha do mercado acion��rio brasileiro

The Behavioral Finance develop as it is perceived anomalies in these markets efficient. This fields of study can be grouped into three major groups: heuristic bias, tying the shape and inefficient markets. The present study focuses on issues concerning the heuristics of representativeness and anchoring. This study aimed to identify the then under-reaction and over-reaction, as well as the existence of symmetry in the active first and second line of the Brazilian stock market. For this, it will be use the Fuzzy Logic and the indicators that classify groups studied from the Discriminant Analysis. The highest present, indicator in the period studied, was the Liabilities / Equity, demonstrating the importance of the moment to discriminate the assets to be considered "winners" and "losers." Note that in the MLCX biases over-reaction is concentrated in the period of financial crisis, and in the remaining periods of statistically significant biases, are obtained by sub-reactions. The latter would be in times of moderate levels of uncertainty. In the Small Caps the behavioral responses in 2005 and 2007 occur in reverse to those observed in the Mid-Large Cap. Now in times of crisis would have a marked conservatism while near the end of trading on the Bovespa speaker, accompanied by an increase of negotiations, there is an overreaction by investors. The other heuristics in SMLL occurred at the end of the period studied, this being a under-reaction and the other a over-reaction and the second occurring in a period of financial-economic more positive than the first. As regards the under / over-reactivity in both types, there is detected a predominance of either, which probably be different in the context in MLCX without crisis. For the period in which such phenomena occur in a statistically significant to note that, in most cases, such phenomena occur during the periods for MLCX while in SMLL not only biases are less present as there is no concentration of these at any time . Given the above, it is believed that while detecting the presence of bias behavior at certain times, these do not tend to appear to a specific type or heuristics and while there were some indications of a seasonal pattern in Mid- Large Caps, the same behavior does not seem to be repeated in Small Caps. The tests would then suggest that momentary failures in the Efficient Market Hypothesis when tested in semistrong form as stated by Behavioral Finance. This result confirms the theory by stating that not only rationality, but also human irrationality, is limited because it would act rationally in many circumstances

Competitividad din��mica en el sistema agroindustrial de la palta en Per��

La creciente demanda de palta en el mundo, le ha permitido al sistema agroindustrial (SAI) de la palta de Per��, mostrar un crecimiento sostenido en la producci��n y en el nivel de exportaciones, posicion��ndose as�� en el comercio internacional de esta fruta. Sin embargo, se desconoce si este crecimiento se sostiene sobre ventajas competitivas din��micas que ha venido desarrollando el sistema, o si el crecimiento responde principalmente a las ventajas comparativas con las que cuenta el pa��s. En base a esto, el objetivo de la investigaci��n consisti�� en determinar la Competitividad din��mica en el sistema agroindustrial de la palta en Per�� desde un enfoque sist��mico, tomando un per��odo de an��lisis comprendido entre los a��os 1961 - 2013. Para lograr el objetivo se utiliz�� tres tipos de metodolog��a, combinado la investigaci��n descriptiva (un comparativo de Per�� frente al mundo en relaci��n a la palta), cuantitativa (��ndice de Ventajas comparativas Revelas (IVCR) y un modelo econom��trico) y cualitativa (Diamante de Porter). Mediante el an��lisis descriptivo se encontr�� las caracter��sticas del ambiente externo e interno que determinan la condici��n de Per�� como cuarto productor y segundo exportador de palta en el mundo. El IVCR registr�� un valor de 33,9 en el ��ltimo a��o, mostrando que las exportaciones de palta presentan ventajas comparativas reveladas. El Diamante de Porter, permiti�� identificar que las ventajas competitivas del SAI, principalmente se basan en los factores b��sicos (agua, tierra, clima, localizaci��n geogr��fica y bajo costo de mano de obra), observ��ndose una baja inversi��n en generaci��n de factores avanzados y/o especializados. Adem��s, se destaca la importancia de la pol��tica comercial de Per�� basada en la apertura externa, facilitando el comercio del producto, y permitiendo la importaci��n de los bienes de capital e insumos, para apalancarlos al sector primario y secundario del sistema. Mediante el modelo econom��trico se registr�� que existe una relaci��n funcional entre la competitividad a trav��s del IVCR como variable dependiente y las variables explicativas: factor tecnol��gico, cantidad exportada y una dummy que representa el cambio institucional. En conclusi��n el SAI de la palta se encuentra en un camino hacia la construcci��n de competitividad, situ��ndose en las etapas I y II que corresponde a: la competitividad impulsada por los factores, y la etapa de competitividad impulsada por la inversi��n. En esta ��ltima, a��n existe bajo nivel de inversi��n para la innovaci��n, el cual podr��a afectar la competitividad del sistema en el largo plazo.

An��lise de volatilidade, integra����o de pre��os e previsibilidade para o mercado brasileiro de camar��o

The present paper has the purpose of investigate the dynamics of the volatility structure in the shrimp prices in the Brazilian fish market. Therefore, a description of the initial aspects of the shrimp price series was made. From this information, statistics tests were made and selected univariate models to be price predictors. Then, it was verified the existence of relationship of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American imported shrimp and if, confirmed the relationship, whether or not there is a causal link between these assets, considering that the two countries had presented trade relations over the years. It is presented as an exploratory research of applied nature with quantitative approach. The database was collected through direct contact with the Companhia de Entrepostos e Armaz��ns Gerais de S��o Paulo (CEAGESP) and on the official website of American import, National Marine Fisheries Service - National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NMFS- NOAA). The results showed that the great variability in the active price is directly related with the gain and loss of the market agents. The price series presents a strong seasonal and biannual effect. The average structure of price of shrimp in the last 12 years was R$ 11.58 and external factors besides the production and marketing (U.S. antidumping, floods and pathologies) strongly affected the prices. Among the tested models for predicting prices of shrimp, four were selected, which through the prediction methodologies of one step forward of horizon 12, proved to be statistically more robust. It was found that there is weak evidence of long-term equilibrium between the Brazilian and American shrimp, where equivalently, was not found a causal link between them. We concluded that the dynamic pricing of commodity shrimp is strongly influenced by external productive factors and that these phenomena cause seasonal effects in the prices. There is no relationship of long-term stability between the Brazilian and American shrimp prices, but it is known that Brazil imports USA production inputs, which somehow shows some dependence productive. To the market agents, the risk of interferences of the external prices cointegrated to Brazilian is practically inexistent. Through statistical modeling is possible to minimize the risk and uncertainty embedded in the fish market, thus, the sales and marketing strategies for the Brazilian shrimp can be consolidated and widespread

Identificaci��n de las estrategias de gesti��n de innovaci��n en las empresas del sector textil, confecci��n, dise��o y moda de la regi��n centro sur de caldas para la mejora de la competitividad

En la actualidad, las organizaciones de la industria de la moda en la regi��n de Caldas presentan dificultades en gesti��n estrat��gica y gesti��n de innovaci��n, y el conjugar estas dos variables se hace necesario para que puedan lograr la competitividad que les permita permanecer y crecer en el mercado local y global. Es por esto que en este proyecto el prop��sito es identificar las estrategias de gesti��n de innovaci��n en las empresas del sector textil, confecci��n, dise��o y moda de la Regi��n Centro Sur de Caldas y as�� saber qu�� impide que esta industria tenga bajos ��ndices de competitividad. Los instrumentos metodol��gicos aplicados fueron validados por panel de expertos en innovaci��n y estrategia organizacional, fueron tratados estad��sticamente mediante el software SPSS y fueron aplicados a las empresas pertenecientes a las bases de datos disponibles en la ciudad de Manizales. Se encuentra que m��s del 70% de las empresas es informal en la aplicaci��n de actividades de innovaci��n, para un 40% las directrices organizacionales son informales y para el 30% son inexistentes y finalmente, los procesos estrat��gicos un 70% los tienen definidos informalmente y para un 20% son inexistentes.

Planificaci��n econ��mica y control democr��tico del mercado

El cuestionamiento de las relaciones capitalistas de producci��n debe surgir a partir de su tendencia inherente a los desequilibrios y a la irracionalidad econ��mica y no desde alg��n pre-juicio ideol��gico o pol��tico. En este contexto, la planificaci��n econ��mica se presenta como necesaria en la medida en que se requiera asegurar una autonom��a humana de decisi��n con respecto a la distribuci��n del ingreso, el acceso al empleo y la protecci��n del medio ambiente. A partir de la constataci��n de este hecho, la planificaci��n no sustituye a las relaciones mercantiles sino que cumple la funci��n de garantizar una tendencia al equilibrio sobre la base de las relaciones mercantiles, lo que ning��n automatismo del mercado puede garantizar. Se propone un principio de delimitaci��n entre la planificaci��n y la autonom��a de las empresas (la reproducci��n de la vida humana), principio ampliable a la delimitaci��n entre el Estado y las actividades de los grupos aut��nomos y de los mismos sujetos en general. Abstract The questioning of the capitalist relations of production must come from their inherent tendency to irrationality and economic imbalances and not from any ideological or political prejudice. In this context, economic planning is as necessary as it is required to ensure a human decision-making autonomy with respect to income distribution, access to employment and environmental protection. From the observation of this fact, planning is not a substitute for market relations but serves to ensure a tendency to balance on the basis of market relations, so no automatic of the market can guarantee. The article proposes a principle of demarcation between the planning and autonomy for enterprises (the reproduction of human life), expandable to top the demarcation between the state and the activities of autonomous groups and the same subjects in general.

Construcci��n de un ��ndice B��sico de Competitividad para el Oriente Antioque��o 2015

El presente trabajo realiza una medici��n b��sica de los niveles de competitividad del Oriente antioque��o, relacionados con los pilares de tama��o de los mercados, sofisticaci��n y diversificaci��n, e innovaci��n y din��mica empresarial, enmarcados en el ��ndice Departamental de Competitividad generado y publicado por el Consejo Privado de Competitividad y la metodolog��a del ��ndice Global de Competitividad del Foro Econ��mico Mundial -- El impacto que tienen el crecimiento empresarial y el desarrollo del comercio exterior durante los ��ltimos a��os en la estructura econ��mica de esta subregi��n de Antioquia, generan una gran necesidad de monitorear el comportamiento de variables e indicadores que permitan identificar las tendencias y niveles de evoluci��n competitiva del territorio, estas mediciones soportan el desarrollo del esquema metodol��gico aplicado en los pilares seleccionados, los cuales involucran variables como el PIB, exportaciones, tasas de natalidad empresarial, densidad empresarial, entre otros -- Para su desarrollo se consultan fuentes de informaci��n p��blica como el DANE, PROCOLOMBIA, Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo, Alcald��as Municipales del Oriente antioque��o y Gobernaci��n de Antioquia, las cuales se complementan con la informaci��n del Sistema de Informaci��n Integrado de Confec��maras, del cual se puede extraer la informaci��n relacionada con la actividad empresarial de la subregi��n del Oriente antioque��o -- Los resultados muestran una subregi��n con una gran din��mica exportadora, pero concentrada solo en 10 municipios de los 23 que la componen, con un ��ndice de diversificaci��n por mercados, destinos de exportaciones de 2.878 y un ��ndice de diversificaci��n de la canasta exportadora de 1.147; este desarrollo de la actividad exportadora se soporta en un crecimiento de su tejido empresarial, el cual muestra una tasa de natalidad de empresas de 49,96 nuevas empresas por cada 10.000 habitantes, una densidad empresarial de 22 empresas por cada 1.000 habitantes y una participaci��n de las medianas y grandes empresas del 1,42% sobre el total del tejido empresarial -- Todas estas cifras pueden ser orientadas a la estructuraci��n de pol��ticas p��blicas y estrategias privadas que lleven al mejoramiento de los indicadores -- As�� mismo, se busca que la informaci��n sea fuente de consulta para los empresarios e inversionistas que ven esta subregi��n como destino de inversi��n y asentamiento de sus empresas

An��lisis de la comercializaci��n intrarregional centroamericana de derivados l��cteos nicaraguenses, 2003 - 2014

El sector l��cteo es de gran importancia como aportador a la econom��a del pa��s. Es un gran generador de empleos en el que participan peque��os, medianos y grandes productores a trav��s de inversiones significativas con presencia en todo el pa��s. La investigaci��n realizada es cuantitativa, no experimental basada en una metodolog��a de an��lisis de indicadores de competitividad internacional de productos l��cteos. El trabajo realizado tiene como objetivos: Determinar la capacidad de producci��n de derivados l��cteos nicarag��enses, seg��n las exigencias del mercado externo; identificar la participaci��n de las exportaciones e importaci��n nicarag��ense de derivados l��cteos en comparaci��n con sus competidores de la regi��n centroamericana y determinar los indicadores de competitividad de estos productos en el mismo mercado. Las fuentes de informaci��n fueron principalmente bases de datos en l��nea de la Organizaci��n de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura (FAO), Secretar��a de Integraci��n Econ��mica Centroamericana (SIECA) y la Base de datos del Banco Central de Nicaragua. Los principales hallazgos indican que Nicaragua ha mantenido el primer lugar en la explotaci��n ganadera en el per��odo 2003-2014, coloc��ndose como un productor de leche por excelencia, pese a esto, es el pa��s que tiene los rendimientos de producci��n m��s bajos en la regi��n. El Salvador es el mayor importador neto de derivados l��cteos de la regi��n, siendo ��ste el mayor socio comercial de Nicaragua. Los indicadores de competitividad analizados permitieron comparar el desempe��o comercial de los derivados l��cteos de Nicaragua, determinando que este pa��s tiene una vocaci��n exportadora en el mercado intrarregional centroamericano.

Una visi��n empresarial exportadora

El autor hace un planteamiento, y un an��lisis sobre si, el Derecho Mercantil vigente hoy en Colombia, como herramienta jur��dica constitucional, le permita a las empresas Colombianas, mantener un factor de competitividad en su actividad en el mercado mundial. La empresa, Para este caso Colombina, como base del desarrollo, tiene una funci��n social que implica obligaciones. Es decir, que el Derecho Mercantil regula la organizaci��n y actividad profesional del agente econ��mico al cual la Constituci��n le otorga el principal��simo papel de ser la base del desarrollo. Actividad profesional que la empresa despliega mediante la apertura, conquista, expansi��n y consolidaci��n del mercado. Mercado que hoy es el mundo, comoquiera que fruto de la globalizaci��n de la econom��a cada d��a desaparecen las barreras de ingreso a los mercados regionales. Como afirmaba Marx, las naciones son l��mites impuestos por la burgues��a a sus mercados.