Oleic acid modulates mRNA expression of liver X receptor (LXR) and its target genes ABCA1 and SREBP1c in human neutrophils

Purpose: Regulation of liver X receptors (LXRs) is essential for cholesterol homeostasis and inflammation. The present study was conducted to determine whether oleic acid (OA) could regulate mRNA expression of LXRα and LXRα-regulated genes and to assess the potential promotion of oxidative stress by OA in neutrophils. Methods: Human neutrophils were treated with OA at different doses and LXR target gene expression, oxidative stress production, lipid efflux and inflammation state were analyzed. Results: We describe that mRNA synthesis of both LXRα and ABCA1 (a reverse cholesterol transporter) was induced by OA in human neutrophils. This fatty acid enhanced the effects of LXR ligands on ABCA1 and LXR expression, but it decreased the mRNA levels of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (a transcription factor that regulates the synthesis of triglycerides). Although OA elicited a slight oxidative stress in the short term (15–30 min) in neutrophils, it is unlikely that this is relevant for the modulation of transcription in our experimental conditions, which involve longer incubation time (i.e., 6 h). Of physiological importance is our finding that OA depresses intracellular lipid levels and that markers of inflammation, such as ERK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, were decreased by OA treatment. In addition, 200 μM OA reduced the migration of human neutrophils, another marker of the inflammatory state. However, OA did not affect lipid peroxidation induced by pro-oxidant agents. Conclusions: This work presents for the first time evidence that human neutrophils are highly sensitive to OA and provides novel data in support of a protective role of this monounsaturated acid against the activation of neutrophils during inflammation.

Letters to Hannah Collins, 1806 July

Two letters to Hannah Collins dated July 26 and 29, 1806, regarding money owed by Croswell for washing services.

Letter from E. Carter to William Croswell, [1808]

One-page letter regarding payment.

Petition for financial assistance, 1806 September

One-page draft of a request by Croswell to an unidentified entity for financial assistance.

Copyright certificate for the Celestial Planisphere, [1806] July 11

Handwritten copy of a certificate acknowledging the deposit of the title of Croswell's celestial planisphere with the clerk of the District of Massachusetts.

Diary entries, 1806

Two-leaf document containing three journal entries written by Croswell upon his arrival in Liverpool in late December 1806.

Miscellaneous reading and book notes, 1806-1823, undated

This folder contains nine slips of paper with various notes about books and reading materials. For some documents it is unclear if the notes were created in Croswell's work on the Harvard College Library catalog or in his personal research.

Payment order for Hull Abbot, 1717 May 13

Handwritten order to Penn Townsend to pay scholarship funds to student Hull Abbot (Harvard AB 1720), signed by Benjamin Wadsworth, John Marion, and Thomas Hubbart.

I. Charlestown ferry bound volume, 1707-1806

This series contains sixty-nine documents related to the College's interest in the Charlestown ferry between 1707 and 1806 that were gathered together, arranged in chronological order, and pasted into a bound volume at an undetermined date. The majority of documents are leases and bonds with the ferrymen, as well as handwritten copies of Corporation petitions to the General Court regarding ferry fares and bridge development. The series also includes handwritten legal opinions composed by Levi Lincoln and Nathan Dane for the College analyzing the rights of the College to transportation-related income.

[Admittatur of Andrew O. Waterhouse], 1806 September 24

Published copy of the 1807 College Laws with the admittatur of undergraduate Andrew O. Waterhouse signed by President Samuel Webber on September 24, 1806.

[Admittatur of Ephraim Abbott (Harvard AB 1806)], 1802 September 24

Printed copy of an undated abstract of the laws and regulations with the admittatur of undergraduate Ephraim Abbott signed by President Joseph Willard on September 24, 1802.

An osteological study of Nasca trophy heads collected by A.L. Kroeber during the Marshall Field Expeditions to Peru / Sloan R. Williams, Kathleen Forgey, Elizabeth Klarich.

n.s. no.33(2001)