El autocuidado y apoyo social de mujeres de un proyecto de seguimiento mamogr��fico en Porto Alegre/Brasil

Objective: Identify preventive self-care practices and analyze the configurations of the network support for women with and without breast cancer registered in a mammography-monitoring project from Porto Alegre/Brazil.Method: a mixed sequential delimitation was performed, which expanded the results of the quantitative step (cross and correlation section) in a qualitative step (narrative interviews). 37 women diagnosed with breast cancer (group 1) and 72 without this diagnosis (group 2 ��� monitoring) participated. The following instruments were used: Assessment Questionnaire Self-care Ability (ASA-A) and Assessment Questionnaire Perceived Social Support and Community. There were performed descriptive analysis and comparison of means (t test and ANOVA) between the two groups. To deepen the understanding of the data, we selected four women with breast cancer with extreme levels on the scale of Social Support to participate in the biographical narrative interviews.Results: the analysis indicate that women who had breast cancer have better self-care practices than the women from the monitoring project (t = 1.791, P = 0.027). As for the analysis of social support, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. All participants have an average level of perceived social and community support. It was highlighted by the qualitative data that it was after the diagnosis of breast cancer that women lived self-care aspects they had not previously experienced.Conclusions: the self-care was significantly bigger in the group of women with breast cancer, where the cancer diagnosis was a trigger to increase self-care.

A representa����o social do papel de gestores em organiza����es n��o governamentais

The discussions concerning the absence of a management model appropriate to the peculiarities of third sector organizations have not been impeditive to their emphasized expansion in the last decades. In the attempt of understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of those who manage social organizations, this work based on the theory of social representations to understand the notion that organization managers of the third sector - based in Fortaleza CE - have of the part that they play and how this notion influences the direction of their activities. Social representations of managers of four different categories of non-governmental organizations have been investigated, each category composed of two unities. The categories researched were: social integration through art and education, prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, children s health assistance and community action. By using Doise s Societal Approach, the role of social managers translated in intraindividual, interindividual and situational processes of their actions, has been analysed within the social representations, focusing on beliefs, values, symbols and stories that give meaning to the existence of non-governmental organizations. Analysis and discussion of data displayed the existence of diversity in the understanding of managers within their practice, in other words, the management profile is also its own manager s. The branch where an organization acts is also preponderant in the shaping of a management style. It could be deduced, from to the organizations researched, that professional formation and the manager s social insertion mainly, are determinative factors in the outlining of a management model of its own. It was concluded that, due to heterogeneity of interests and action segments, there is no systematic process for social management among organizations. Management styles are supported by their director s own perception of achievement, who model organizations according to their contingencies

Using Social Worlds Theory to Explore Influences on Community Nurses��� Experiences of Providing Out of Hours Paediatric Palliative Care

Abstract Background: Paediatric oncology palliative care in the community is rare and nationally there is a lack of standardisation of out of hours nursing service provision. Objectives: This paper seeks to explore influences on the experiences of paediatric nurses providing out of hours palliative care within the family home to children with cancer. The study used social worlds theory to aid identification and demonstration of the findings. Methods: Twelve community-based palliative cases were purposively selected from children with cancer treated at one regional centre. Tape-recorded interviews were undertaken with 54 health professionals (general practitioners, community nurses and allied health professionals) involved in providing their palliative care and five facilitated case discussions completed. Data analysis followed a grounded theory approach; chronological comparative data analysis identifying generated themes. Social worlds theory was used as a framework to examine the data. Results: Nurses��� experiences are shaped by their social world and those of the nursing team,child and family and the inter-professional team providing the care. The lack of a formalised service, sub-optimal inter-professional working and impact of social worlds influence the experience of the nurse. Conclusions: Social worlds theory provided a new perspective in understanding these experiences based within a paediatric palliative care setting, knowledge that can be used to inform service provision.

A assistência t��cnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista

This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Caraj��s and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry L��f��bvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brand��o. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side

The Political and Social Dynamics of Poverty, Poor Relief and Health Care in Early-Modern Portugal

By the end of the fifteenth century most European countries had witnessed a profound reformation of their poor relief and health care policies. As this book demonstrates, Portugal was among them and actively participated in such reforms. Providing the first English language monograph on this topic, Laurinda Abreu examines the Portuguese experience and places it within the broader European context. She shows that, in line with much that was happening throughout the rest of Europe, Portugal had not only set up a systematic reform of the hospitals but had also developed new formal arrangements for charitable and welfare provision that responded to the changing socioeconomic framework, the nature of poverty and the concerns of political powers. The defining element of the Portuguese experience was the dominant role played by a new lay confraternity, the confraternity of the Miseric��rdia, created under the auspices of King D. Manuel I in 1498. By the time of the king's death in 1521 there were more than 70 Miseric��rdias in Portugal and its empire, and by 1640, more than 300. All of them were run according to a unified set of rules and principles with identical social objectives. Based upon a wealth of primary source documentation, this book reveals how the sixteenth-century Portuguese crown succeeded in implementing a national poor relief and health care structure, with the support of the Papacy and local elites, and funded principally through pious donations. This process strengthened the authority of the royal government at a time which coincided with the emergence of the early modern state. In so doing, the book establishes poor relief and public health alongside military, diplomatic and administrative authorities, as the pillars of centralisation of royal power.

Social representations of nursing students about hospital assistance and primary health care

Objective: To analyze how social representations of hospital and community care are structured in two groups of nursing students ��� 1st and 4th years. Method: Qualitative research oriented by the Theory of Social Representations. We used a questionnaire with Free Association of Words. Data were analyzed in the Software IRaMuTeQ 0.6 alpha 3. Results: We applied the method of Descending Hierarchical Classifi cation and obtained four classes. Class 4 has the largest social representation (30.41%) within the corpus. The two organizational axes are nurse and disease/patient in the central core. On the periphery are the care and help related to the nurse and the treatment and prevention associated with the disease. Conclusion: Social representations focus on disease/patient and on the role of nurses in the treatment, prevention, and care. Health promotion and the social determinants of health are absent from the social representations of students.

A representa����o social do papel de gestores em organiza����es n��o governamentais

The discussions concerning the absence of a management model appropriate to the peculiarities of third sector organizations have not been impeditive to their emphasized expansion in the last decades. In the attempt of understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of those who manage social organizations, this work based on the theory of social representations to understand the notion that organization managers of the third sector - based in Fortaleza CE - have of the part that they play and how this notion influences the direction of their activities. Social representations of managers of four different categories of non-governmental organizations have been investigated, each category composed of two unities. The categories researched were: social integration through art and education, prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, children s health assistance and community action. By using Doise s Societal Approach, the role of social managers translated in intraindividual, interindividual and situational processes of their actions, has been analysed within the social representations, focusing on beliefs, values, symbols and stories that give meaning to the existence of non-governmental organizations. Analysis and discussion of data displayed the existence of diversity in the understanding of managers within their practice, in other words, the management profile is also its own manager s. The branch where an organization acts is also preponderant in the shaping of a management style. It could be deduced, from to the organizations researched, that professional formation and the manager s social insertion mainly, are determinative factors in the outlining of a management model of its own. It was concluded that, due to heterogeneity of interests and action segments, there is no systematic process for social management among organizations. Management styles are supported by their director s own perception of achievement, who model organizations according to their contingencies

A assistência t��cnica nos habitats do MST e o papel do arquiteto e urbanista

This dissertation is about Architect and town planner inserts in the technical support of the Rural establishment and of the possibilities of changes in their habitat. It also looks for its participation through the production of those spaces with or without its performance through two references cases, in Rio Grande do Norte , one called settlement Eldorado de Caraj��s and another one called Maria da Paz. At first the process represents the model that was adopted systematically by Incra until the middle of the year 2000 with the sub-contracting of their construction work through small companies. These standardized projects which are executed without registration in the system CONFEA/CREA without demand of professional authorship and of technical responsibility of the work. But the process taken place at Maria da Paz s area was configured as one of the first initiatives that stopped with those practices. Consolidated through a partnership among UFRN MST and INCRA/RN, the Architect s technical support and town planner brought new technician-scientific organization and execution of the soil parcels and its habitat. The participation of UFRN was done through a group of studies in land reform and Habitat (GERAH) being this author and coordinator of the methodological proposal, based on the regressive-progressive method and in the inclusion of the conflict as responsible of the ruptures and transductions both done by Henry L��f��bvre and in the research action approached by Carlos Brand��o. Therefore it included the process of social learning and collective production of new knowledge and attitudes in relation to the environment in the process called as attended self management in spite of the transformations happened with this new agent s participation. The people re-located to the new areas that got involved in the process and finished their constructions reelaborating the daily practice of the collective effort passed to the self management without technical support. Years later the implantation of those two experiences our research verified that there is a positive image concerning the Architect and town planner, related, most of all to the conception of the activities, orientation and execution of constructions projects and of acceptance of those professionals to the processes of implementation of the Habitats of the Rural establishments. This dissertation analyses this form of performance, from and beyond these images trying to find the professional, specificities or methodological in such a way to demonstrate the importance of its insertion in the formulation and attendance of the more of 100.000 habitats of Rural establishments of the land reform of the country that correspond to most of the housing social interest in the country side

Implica����es da reforma da previd��ncia na seguridade social brasileira

A Seguridade Social aprovada na Constitui����o Brasileira de 1988 n��o foi implementada conforme previsto na Carta Magna. As sucessivas reformas do Estado e, sobretudo, da previd��ncia social,1 implementadas ao longo da d��cada de 1990, justificadas sob a alega����o de um suposto d��ficit entre receita e despesa, v��m contribuindo para descaracteriz��-la enquanto sistema de prote����o social, al��m de favorecer a fragmenta����o das pol��ticas sociais que a integram: previd��ncia, sa��de e assistência. Ao tratar a previd��ncia como seguro e n��o como pol��tica social, estas reformas tendem a minar e corroer as bases conceituais e financeiras da seguridade social, solapando a possibilidade de sua consolida����o como propriedade social. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT

Manejo inadequado do solo e reflexo na qualidade dos recursos h��dricos superficiais e subterr��neos em S��o Jos�� de Ub��/ Noroeste do Estado do RJ.

O objetivo do trabalho �� avaliar como o manejo inadequado do solo e da ��gua, principalmente nas atividades agr��colas, tem interferido na qualidade das ��guas superficiais e subterr��neas de S��o Jos�� de Ub��, munic��pio do Noroeste Fluminense. Foram realizadas cinco campanhas para monitorar 31 pontos de coleta de ��gua, estes inclu��ram po��os profundos e rasos, nascentes e pontos superficiais. Nas amostras coletadas foram analisados diversos c��tions e ��nions, materiais s��lidos da ��gua, alcalinidade total, nitrog��nio total, f��sforo total, par��metros biol��gicos, temperatura, pH e Condutividade El��trica. Os resultados das an��lises foram confrontados com os limites estabelecidos pelo CONAMA 357/05 (classe 2) para ��guas superficiais e CONAMA 396/08 para ��guas subterr��neas (consumo humano) e apontam para o comprometimento da qualidade das ��guas do munic��pio. Esta degrada����o est�� ligada as atividades antr��picas, principalmente as relacionadas a agropecu��ria. O uso excessivo de fertilizantes e pesticidas, excrementos de animais e esgotos dom��sticos est��o entre as principais fontes poluidoras da ��rea de estudo. Portanto, as ��guas de S��o Jos�� de Ub�� devem continuar sendo monitoradas, para que a avalia����o da qualidade de seus recursos h��dricos continue sendo realizada, a fim de se evitar um maior comprometimento da diversidade dos sistemas aqu��ticos, bem como da sa��de humana.

Potencialidades e fragilidades do meio f��sico em rela����o ao manejo da terra em microbacias do Norte e Noroeste Fluminense.

O presente estudo se prop��s a caracterizar os aspectos do meio f��sico e identificar as potencialidades e fragilidades, em rela����o ao manejo, das microbacias dos c��rregos, Santa Maria, Caixa D?��gua e Brejo da Cobi��a (RJ). Foram obtidos dados em campo e laborat��rio, al��m de informa����es secund��rias sobre o clima, relevo, ��gua, solo e uso e cobertura da terra. Os mapas foram processados no ArcGIS 9.1 da ESRI. Foi observado que todas as microbacias possuem certas potencialidades. Por outro lado, suas fragilidades se destacam, ��s vezes pelas pr��prias caracter��sticas do meio f��sico, mas em grau mais elevado, devido ao manejo inadequado dos recursos naturais. Estes resultados dever��o subsidiar o planejamento e gest��o de microbacias hidrogr��ficas no Norte e Noroeste Fluminense.

Caracteriza����o da adequa����o de usos agr��colas em solos coesos na microbacia do Brejo da Cobi��a - Munic��pio de S��o Francisco de Itabapoana - RJ.

Este trabalho deriva da caracteriza����o da microbacia do Brejo da Cobi��a, localizada no munic��pio de S��o Francisco de Itabapoana, pelo Projeto Manejo Sustent��vel de Recursos Naturais em Microbacias do Norte-Noroeste Fluminense em solos do Per��odo do Terci��rio abordando a quest��o do adequa����o dos usos em solos coesos. A coes��o �� consequ��ncia de modifica����es das caracter��sticas f��sicas do solo devido a processos pedogen��ticos que produzem condi����es desfavor��veis ao desenvolvimento das plantas; consequ��ncia da baixa estabilidade dos agregados em virtude dos baixos teores de ��xidos de ferro e alum��nio, como material cimentante e de baixa superf��cie espec��fica; resultado de processos que envolvem atributos f��sicos, como densidade global, macro, microporosidade e condutividade hidr��ulica. Os resultados indicam s��rias restri����es ao desenvolvimento da cultura de cana-de-a����car e, em menor intensidade, as culturas de abacaxi e pastagens.

MOBILIDADE URBANA E DOMIN��NCIA VI��RIA EM CIDADES M��DIAS: INFLU��NCIAS DO COMPERJ E AMRJ EM MARIC��-RJ-BRASIL

O trabalho tem por objetivo refletir sobre a mobilidade urbana e perman��ncia ou transforma����o da domin��ncia vi��ria em cidades m��dias sob impacto de grandes projetos. O objeto de estudo �� a regi��o do Leste Fluminense do Estado do Rio de Janeiro onde est�� sendo implantado o Complexo Petroqu��mico do Rio de Janeiro ��� Comperj e o Arco Metropolitano do Rio de Janeiro ��� AMRJ, Brasil, tomando o caso espec��fico do munic��pio de Maric��. A an��lise �� desenvolvida considerando que vias de liga����o funcionam como vetores de crescimento de cidades. Neste sentido as perspectivas de urbaniza����o e uso do solo, influenciadas pela nova din��mica urbana imposta pelo Comperj e AMRJ, podem modificar o eixo vi��rio principal de Maric��, atualmente representado pela rodovia estadual RJ-106 no sentido leste-oeste. O estudo apresenta reflex��es sobre as reconfigura����es observadas desde a escala regional (Conleste) at�� o espa��o intra-urbano em quest��o.

Biomassa radicular fina em fragmentos da Mata Atl��ntica fluminense.

A escassez de estudos emp��ricos dos sistemas radiculares limita a precis��o das predi����es relativas �� economia de carbono, pois eles representam at�� 55% da biomassa florestal. Somente as ra��zes finas (di��metro <2 mm) respondem por cerca de um ter��o da produ����o prim��ria l��quida dos ecossistemas terrestres. A hip��tese de que a maior disponibilidade de ��gua e nutrientes no solo reduz a aloca����o de biomassa nas ra��zes tem sido contestada na literatura cientifica tanto em rela����o ��s ra��zes finas (BRF) como a toda biomassa radicular. Avaliou-se aqui a correla����o (Pearson) entre BRF e vari��veis ed��ficas at�� 10 cm de profundidade em seis fragmentos florestais (48 amostras.fragmento.esta����o-1) na Baixada Litor��nea Fluminense, nas esta����es de seca e de chuvas. Os solos apresentaram diferentes n��veis de fertilidade. A BRF m��dia geral foi de 641 g.m-2 (florestas similares = 140?1040 g.m-2). As m��dias de BRF obtidas no per��odo chuvoso ou na v��rzea foram significativamente mais elevadas. Foram detectadas correla����es positivas e significativas de BRF com Ca + Mg, K, P e N. Os resultados n��o respaldam a hip��tese de redu����o da BRF em resposta ao aumento de ��gua e nutrientes do solo.

AN��LISE DA DIN��MICA DOS RECURSOS HIDRICOS E SEU USO NA FORMA����O DO ASSENTAMENTO ANTONIO DE FARIA, CAMPOS DOS GOYTACAZES-RJ(BRASIL)

O presente trabalho prop��e-se analisar a din��mica de utiliza����o dos recursos h��dricos na forma����o do Assentamento Antonio de Farias, situado na localidade de Pernambuca no munic��pio de Campos dos Goytacazes-RJ. O objetivo deste trabalho �� identificar os recursos h��dricos existentes na ��rea de estudo e a sua rela����o com o uso e ocupa����o das terras. A abordagem metodol��gica deste trabalho �� a ado����o da Teoria Geral dos Sistemas. Dentre os procedimentos metodol��gicos adotados, est�� a realiza����o de trabalho de campo e a organiza����o de banco digital de dados. Com os resultados preliminares, verificou-se que as ��reas onde se encontram os corpos h��dricos n��o apresentam o estado de preserva����o exigido pela legisla����o ambiental, ou seja, os corpos h��dricos n��o est��o protegidos pela mata ciliar. As etapas ent��o cumpridas ir��o subsidiar as etapas posteriores, que tem como objetivo final orientar a popula����o do assentamento rural a utilizar e conservar os recursos h��dricos da propriedade.