New forms of investment (NFI) in Latin American-United States trade relations

Includes bibliography

Cellular decomposition of quaternionic spherical space forms

We obtain an explicit cellular decomposition of the quaternionic spherical space forms, manifolds of positive constant curvature that are factors of an odd sphere by a free orthogonal action of a generalized quaternionic group. The cellular structure gives and explicit description of the associated cellular chain complex of modules over the integral group ring of the fundamental group. As an application we compute the Whitehead torsion of these spaces for any representation of the fundamental group. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

Urea-induced unfolding of Glossoscolex paulistus hemoglobin, in oxy- and cyanomet-forms: A dissociation model

The urea effect on the giant extracellular hemoglobin of Glossoscolex paulistus (HbGp) stability was studied by analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). AUC data show that the sedimentation coefficient distributions curves c (S), at 1.0mol/L of urea, display a single peak at 57 S, associated to the undissociated protein. The increase in urea concentration, up to 4.0mol/L, induces the appearance of smaller species, due to oligomeric dissociation. The sedimentation coefficients and molecular masses are 9.2S and 204kDa for the dodecamer (abcd)3, 5.5S and 69kDa for the tetramer (abcd), 4.1S and 52kDa for the trimer (abc) and 2.0 S and 17kDa for the monomer d, respectively. SAXS data show initially a decrease in the I(0) values due to the oligomeric dissociation, and then, above 4.0mol/L of denaturant, for oxy-HbGp, and above 6.0mol/L for cyanomet-HbGp, an increase in the maximum dimension and gyration radius is observed, due to the unfolding process. According to AUC and SAXS data the HbGp unfolding is described by two phases: the first one, at low urea concentration, below 4.0mol/L, characterizes the oligomeric dissociation, while the second one, at higher urea concentration, is associated to the unfolding of dissociated species. Our results are complementary to a recent report based on spectroscopic observations. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Three forms of social coordination

Includes bibliography

Old and new forms of citizenship

Includes bibliography

Structural change and productivity growth 20 years later: old problems, new opportunities. Summary

Includes bibliography

Documentation forms relevant to international intermodal transport

Includes bibliography

Towards new forms of economic co-operation between Latin America and Japan

Includes bibliography

El efecto de los subsidios, la reglamentación y las diversas formas de propiedad en la calidad y eficacia operativa de los servicios del transporte urbano en América Latina = The impacts of subsidies, regulation, and different forms of ownership on the service quality and operational efficiency of urban bus systems in Latin America

Incluye Bibliografía

DOCPAL at nineteenth months: an outline of activities, problems and promises (with a complete set of flow diagrams, worksheets, forms, etc)

Includes bibliography

Estabilidade da fitase e sua utilização na alimentação de frangos de corte

This work was designed to evaluate the effect of storage forms and conditions upon the enzyme activity of phytase and bioavaibility of calcium and phosphorus in broiler diets. The work was accomplished in two steps. The first step, made in the laboratory measured the activity of the phytase enzyme along the storage period. In this step, two experiments were performed: Experiment 1, constituted of 5 treatments (pure phytase stored at 0 °C, 4 °C and environmental temperature and mixed to vitamin and mineral supplement, stored at environmental temperature) in CRD and split plot scheme. The activities were evaluated every 14 days for 112 days of storage, being verified that the phytase storage in the pure form at 0o C was superior to the other treatments. Experiment 2, made up of 4 treatments (phytase mixed to the ration directly, directly and afterwards pelleted, via mineral supplement and via vitamin supplement),all the treatments being stored at environmental temperature, in CRD and split plot scheme. The activities were evaluated every 7 days for 56 days' storage, being verified that the storage of the phytase mixed to the ration via vitamin supplement and directly with the ration pelleted later, provoked a fall in phytase activity when compared with the other treatments. In the second step, the effect of phytase on the bioavaibility of calcium and phytic phosphorus was evaluated, 2 experiments being accomplished (3 and 4); in both experiments were utilized 576 broiler line chicks, housed in an array of heated batteries, receiving practical diets on the basis of corn and soybean meal (basal) for 21days. At the end of 27 days of age,96 birds were slaughtered for evaluation of the mineral contents (Ca and P) in the tíbias and plasma phosphorus. The excretae were collected from 22 to 27 days of age of the birds. Experiment 3: A CRD with the treatments in 2 x 3 x 2 +4 factorial arrangement was utilized, namely, two levels of total phosphorus (0.35 and 0.45% of total phosphorus), three leveis of phytase (500, 750 and 1,000 FTU) and four additional treatments with levels of 0.35 and 0.45 % of available phosphorus for each sex, with three replicates per treatment. There was significant interaction among levels of phosphorus and phytase (P< 0.05) for weight gain, ration consumption and feed conversion. Phytase did not indicate significant differences when the level 0.45% was utilized, nevertheless, at the level 0.35% as phytase was supplemented, weight gain, ration consumption and feed conversion were improved, chiefly with 1,000 FTU/Kg, in both sexes. The males presented greater weight gain. The ration consumption and feed conversion were equal to those of females. The contrast 0.45% did not affect the performance of males and females, the same not occurring with the level 0.35%,at which the available phosphorus was superior in both the sexes. The highest contents of ashes, phosphorus and calcium in the tíbias and plasma phosphorus were obtained with the levels of 750 and 1,000 FTU/Kg of phytase and 0.45% of total phosphorus. The males presented higher contents of ashes in the tibias. The level 0.45% of available phosphorus presented the greatest contents of ashes, calcium and phosphorus in the tibias, and phosphorus in the plasma. The lowest excretions of phosphorus occurred at the levels 0.35% of total phosphorus and 1,000FTU/kg of phytase. The lowest contents of ashes and calcium in the excretae were obtained with 0.35% and 1,000FTU/Kg of phytase. The females excreted smallest amounts of ashes, calcium and phosphorus than the males. Experiment 4: a CRD with the treatments in 3 x 4 x 2 factorial arrangement, namely, three levels of phytase (0, 500 and 1,000 FTU), four levels of calcium (0.7, 0.8, 0.9 and 1.0%) with four replicates per treatment. The performance was not affected by the treatments utilized, the males being superior to the females in weight gain, feed consumption and conversion. The contents of ashes in the tibias were not affected by the levels of phytase but as calcium levels raised, the ash contents increased. The contents of calcium and phosphorus in the tibias increased with the supplementation of 500 and 1,000 FTU/kg of phytase and with calcium levels. The utilization of phytase did not decrease the excretion of ashes, calcium and phosphorus.

Genes candidatos a marcadores tumorais na progressão do adenocarcinoma de próstata indentificados por análise de HR-CGH e CGH-ARRAY

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Emergência de relações numéricas em crianças surdas

Os estudos sobre a formação de classes ordinais têm apresentado diversos achados experimentais relevantes para a compreensão das relações entre estímulos em seqüências. O objetivo deste trabalho foi o de replicar sistematicamente os resultados obtidos com crianças e adultos normais (Estudo 1) usando um procedimento de ensino por encadeamento e verificar se esses resultados se manteriam sob controle condicional (Estudo 2) com crianças surdas, usando apenas estímulos visuais, através de um ensino de encadeamento de respostas motoras. Participaram do Estudo 1 sete crianças com grau profundo de surdez, na fase de alfabetização em língua de sinais. Foi programado um procedimento de encadeamento de respostas com três conjuntos de estímulos: A nomes impressos dos números, B numerais em língua brasileira de sinais (LIBRAS), C formas abstratas em quantidades diferentes. Para os três tipos de estímulos os valores eram de 1 a 6. No Estudo 2 cinco outras crianças surdas foram submetidas ao mesmo procedimento de ensino, porém, o participante deveria responder na presença da cor vermelha na seqüência A1A2A3 A4A5A6 e na presença da cor verde na seqüência 6A5A4A3A2A1. Nos dois estudos, após responder corretamente a cada seqüência, uma animação gráfica era apresentada na tela, a experimentadora elogiava com as palavras muito bem, certo, legal em linguagem de sinais. Caso o participante emitisse qualquer outra resposta, a tela se embranquecia por um segundo e uma nova configuração dos estímulos era apresentada aleatoriamente. As sessões experimentais eram realizadas na sala de aula de uma instituição pública especializada. Foi utilizado um Laptop e um software especialmente desenvolvido para coleta de dados comportamentais. Após treino e revisão da linha de base com as três seqüências de respostas, testes eram aplicados para avaliar transitividade e conectividade na emergência de classes ordinais através da disposição de pares de estímulos não 14 adjacentes e de substitutabilidade de estímulos. Os resultados mostraram que os participantes responderam prontamente em ambos os estudos. Conclui-se que o procedimento é eficiente na aquisição de comportamentos conceituais numéricos e que a emergência de classes de estímulos equivalentes também ocorre fora do formato de emparelhamento de acordo com o modelo, mesmo em crianças surdas.