Evaluation of the use of Syzygium cumini fruit extract as an antioxidant additive in orange juice and its sensorial impact

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Immunohistochemical study of the expression of fatty acid synthase and Ki-67 in salivary gland tumors

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Dentin bond strength: Influence of laser irradiation, acid etching, and hypermineralization

Objective: the purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of ND:YLF laser irradiation (1.31 J/cm(2); 250 mJ per pulse), acid etching, and hypermineralization on the shear bond strength (SBS) of the Scotchbond Multi-Purpose Plus (3M Dental Products) bonding system. Summary Background Data: Previous studies had shown that the pretreatment of the dentin substrate with laser irradiation can influence the SBS, Methods: Sixty bovine incisors were selected and stored at -18 degrees C, Dentinal buccal surface was exposed and radiographs were taken to control dentin thickness, the specimens were separated into 2 groups: (1) the control, which was kept in distilled water at 4 degrees C; (2) the hypermineralized, which was kept in hypermineralizing solution at 4 degrees C for 14 days, Each group was divided into 3 subgroups according to the type of dentin pretreatment used: M (acid etching + primer + bond); AL (acid etching + primer + bond + laser); and LA (laser + acid etching + primer + bond). A standard composite resin cylinder (Z100-3M) was bonded to the dentinal surface and the SBS performed on an Instron machine (500 Kg load cell at 0.5 mm/min), followed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction analysis. Results: Analysis of variance (ANOVA) determined that the pretreatments influenced the SBS values (p < 0.05): AL (9.96 MPa), M (7.28 MPa), and LA (4.87 MPa), the interaction between the group and pretreatment factors also influenced the SBS (p < 0.05). The highest values were obtained for the interaction control/AL (11.64 MPa), Conclusion: the results suggested that dentin treatment with laser after the application of the adhesive system is efficient in achieving higher bond strength and is promising as a possible new adhesive substrate.

Colorimetric enzymatic assay of L-malic acid using dehydrogenase from baker's yeast

A colorimetric method has been developed and optimized to measure L-malic acid in samples of fruit juices and wine. This method is based on oxidation of the analyte, catalyzed by malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from dry baker's yeast, and in combination with the reduction of a tetrazolium salt (MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). In the present study, the method exhibited sensitivity in the range of 500-4000 mu M of L-malic acid in the reaction cuvette, with the lower detection limit of 6.7-10(-2) g/L, the upper limit of 53.6.10(-2) g/L and a maximum standard deviation of only 2.5 % for the analyzed samples. The MDH activity from baker's yeast was also optimized, the enzyme showed a high stability at pH=8.0-9.0 and the activity was maintained completely at temperatures up to 40 degrees C for 1 hour. The results show that the colorimetric method using enzymatic preparations from dry baker's yeast is a simple and low-cost method with possibility of wide application.

INFLUENCE of GLYCEROL and ORNITHINE FEEDING on CLAVULANIC ACID PRODUCTION BY Streptomyces clavuligerus

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Optimisation of the glycerol-to-ornithine molar ratio in the feed medium for the continuous production of clavulanic acid by Streptomyces clavuligerus

Amino acids are well metabolized by Streptomyces clavuligerus during the production of clavulanic acid using glycerol as main carbon and energy source. However, only a few amino acids such as arginine and ornithine are favorable for CA biosynthesis. The aim of this work was to optimize the glycerol:ornithine molar ratio in the feed medium containing only these compounds to maximize CA production in continuous cultivation. A minimum number of experiments were performed by means of a simple two-level full-factorial central composite design to investigate the combined effect of glycerol and ornithine feeding on the CA concentration during the intermittent and continuous process in shake-flasks. Statistical analysis of the experimental data using the response surface methodology showed that a glycerol-to-ornithine molar ratio of approximately 40:1 in the feed medium resulted in the highest CA concentration when fermentation was stopped. Under these optimized conditions, in bench-scale fermentor runs, the CA concentration reached more than double the concentration obtained in shake-flasks runs. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Indole ring oxidation by activated leukocytes prevents the production of hypochlorous acid

Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) released by activated leukocytes has been implicated in the tissue damage that characterizes chronic inflammatory diseases. In this investigation, 14 indole derivatives, including metabolites such as melatonin, tryptophan and indole-3-acetic acid, were screened for their ability to inhibit the generation of this endogenous oxidant by stimulated leukocytes. The release of HOCl was measured by the production of taurine-chloramine when the leukocytes (2 x 10(6) cells/mL) were incubated at 37ºC in 10 mM phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.4, for 30 min with 5 mM taurine and stimulated with 100 nM phorbol-12-myristate acetate. Irrespective of the group substituted in the indole ring, all the compounds tested including indole, 2-methylindole, 3-methylindole, 2,3-dimethylindole, 2,5-dimethylindole, 2-phenylindole, 5-methoxyindole, 6-methoxyindole, 5-methoxy-2-methylindole, melatonin, tryptophan, indole-3-acetic acid, 5-methoxy-2-methyl-3-indole-acetic acid, and indomethacin (10 µM) inhibited the chlorinating activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the 23-72% range. The compounds 3-methylindole and indole-3-acetic acid were chosen as representative of indole derivatives in a dose-response study using purified MPO. The IC50 obtained were 0.10 ± 0.03 and 5.0 ± 1.0 µM (N = 13), respectively. These compounds did not affect the peroxidation activity of MPO or the production of superoxide anion by stimulated leukocytes. By following the spectral change of MPO during the enzyme turnover, the inhibition of HOCl production can be explained on the basis of the accumulation of the redox form compound-II (MPO-II), which is an inactive chlorinating species. These results show that indole derivatives are effective and selective inhibitors of MPO-chlorinating activity.

Determination of 5-aminosalicylic acid in pharmaceutical formulations by square wave voltammetry at pencil graphite electrodes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Development of a sensitive potentiometric sensor for determination of fumaric acid in powdered food products

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Electrochemical reduction of disperse orange 1 textile dye at a boron-doped diamond electrode

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Internal standardization and least-squares background correction in high-resolution continuum source flame atomic absorption spectrometry to eliminate interferences on determination of Pb in phosphoric acid

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Multifunctional antitumor magnetite/chitosan-l-glutamic acid (core/shell) nanocomposites

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Equilibrium, Thermoanalytical and Spectroscopic Studies to Characterize Phytic Acid Complexes with Mn(II) and Co(II)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Casearin X exhibits cytotoxic effects in leukemia cells triggered by apoptosis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Alkyl Hydroxybenzoic Acid Derivatives that Inhibit HIV-1 Protease Dimerization

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)