888 resultados para APPLE JUICE


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以‘早久保’(Prunus persica (L.) Batch.)为试材,在果实最后迅速生长期,通过去果处理降低库力,同时设留果对照,并通过环剥和保留相同数量叶片严格控制库源关系,进行了源叶净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素荧光、叶黄素循环、抗氧化酶及抗氧化同化物日变化的研究。结果表明,和留果对照相比,去果处理显著降低了源叶Pn、气孔导度(gs)和蒸腾速率(E),但显著增加了胞间二氧化碳浓度(Ci)、叶面饱和蒸汽压亏缺(VPDl)和叶片温度(Tl)。光系统II光化学效率(ΦPSII)以及羧化速率(CE)与Pn平行降低。中午去果降低Pn主要归因于非气孔限制。在低库需条件下,开放的PSII反应中心捕获能量的降低以及关闭的PSII反应中心的增加导致了ΦPSII的降低。去果处理叶片中依赖于叶黄素循环的热耗散以及抗氧化系统的上调保护叶片免受光氧化破坏。和留果对照相比,去果处理的叶片有更大的叶黄素循环库,更高的脱环氧化状态以及更高的抗氧化酶活性,包括超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(MDAR)和脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶(DHAR)的活性以及更高的还原型抗坏血酸(AsA)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)的含量。但与此同时,去果显著增加了过氧化氢(H2O2)以及丙二醛(MDA)的含量,这意味着在去果处理的叶片中可能会发生光氧化破坏。 以一年生‘皇家嘎拉’苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.)组培苗为试材,通过环剥降低库力,进行了源叶Pn、叶绿素荧光、核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/氧化酶(Rubisco)以及光系统II(PSII)复合体关键蛋白PsbA和PsbO含量日变化的研究。和对照相比,环剥显著降低了源叶Pn、gs和E,但是却显著增加了Ci、Tl和淀粉的含量。在低库需下,开放的PSII反应中心捕获能量的降低以及关闭的PSII反应中心的增加导致了ΦPSII的降低。另一方面,环剥降低了光合作用关键酶Rubisco以及PSII复合体PsbA和放氧复合体PsbO的含量。以上结果表明,环剥降低Pn主要归因于非气孔限制。

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A simple and economic process for canning of oil sardine (Sardinella longiceps) in its own juice having very good organoleptic characteristics has been developed. The process consists in dipping eviscerated, scaled and cleaned fish in brine containing potash alum and citric acid, packing in cans, exhausting and seaming without addition of any filling medium and heat processing.

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The juice extracted from a locally abundant cheap variety of citrus fruit namely, Citrus reticulata was utilized for pickling. The paper highlights the trials made to select the optimum concentrations of acetic acid and sodium chloride to be used along with the juice of C. reticulata so as to obtain the best, product. The product can be stored well at room temperature for six months.

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1985年作者进行了计算机在灵长类神经生理学中的应用研究的工作, 建立了一套脑电, 脑形态和声波数据的微处理机采集分析和模拟控制系统, 经数年的应用, 其性能表明它能满足灵长类脑研究需要. 本系统共由传感器, 微电极前置放大器, 八道脑电图机, 调频式数据记录仪, Mac32位计算机, APPLE Ⅱ计算机和其它外围设备等所组成, 该系统受50多个软件所支持. 数据采集: 经缓冲放大器出来的讯号被送入A/D板进行模/数转换, 在 Mac 计算机, 模/数转换精度为12bit, 共有16道转换口, 采样频率最高为40MHz, 在 APPLE Ⅱ 计算机, A/D板为 8bit, 八道模/数输入, 最高采样频率40 MHz, 数据的采集和处理可在线进行, 也可离线处理。

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2004年10月,中国科学院昆明动物研究所首次发现金苹果螺(Pomacea canaliculata)入侵重要的水源保护区嵩明白邑黑龙潭.金苹果螺起源于中南美洲,在亚洲,它通过有意或无意的传播而逐渐扩散到菲律宾、越南、泰国、老挝、柬埔寨、马来西亚、印尼、巴布几内亚、韩国、日本和中国的南部.金苹果螺已成为水稻产区的最大害虫,给农业生产带来巨大的损失.为防止金苹果螺在云南扩散,目前已经实施了严格的预防、控制措施,同时开展了公众保护教育宣传活动.

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Users’ initial perceptions of their competence are key motivational factors for further use. However, initial tasks on a mobile operating system (OS) require setup procedures, which are currently largely inconsistent, do not provide users with clear, visible and immediate feedback on their actions, and require significant adjustment time for first-time users. This paper reports on a study with ten users, carried out to better understand how both prior experience and initial interaction with two touchscreen mobile interfaces (Apple iOS and Google Android) affected setup task performance and motivation. The results show that the reactions to setup on mobile interfaces appear to be partially dependent on which device was experienced first. Initial experience with lower-complexity devices improves performance on higher-complexity devices, but not vice versa. Based on these results, the paper proposes six guidelines for designers to design more intuitive and motivating user interfaces (UI) for setup procedures. The preliminary results indicate that these guidelines can contribute to the design of more inclusive mobile platforms and further work to validate these findings is proposed.

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以黄土高原沟壑区砂石覆盖苹果园为研究对象,对600 cm范围内土壤剖面水分含量的时间分异和空间分布状况进行了研究。结果表明:600 cm土层范围内,一周年内可划分为冬季增墒期和夏季失墒期两个阶段;土壤剖面水分空间分布随土壤深度的增加呈现波动性变化且稳定性不同,土壤含水量变化幅度随土层深度增加而变小,据此可将600 cm范围内的土壤剖面划分为速变层、相对稳定层、缓变层和稳定层;土壤水分在不同层次上的分布差异,8月土壤剖面不同层次含水量差异最大,11月次之,5月再次之,1月土壤不同层次含水量差异最小。综合看来,除土壤表层因砂石覆盖水分增加外,土壤剖面含水量随土壤深度的增加而减少且趋于稳定,水分下渗能力减弱;冬季土壤含水量多且分布均匀,夏季土壤水分减少且主要集中在上层,此时土壤不同层次水分含量差异大。

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为了探索陕北黄土丘陵沟壑区苹果栽植成活率低、树体生长状况差的原因,对3种定植穴土壤物理性状及苹果生长状况进行了监测研究。结果表明定植沟、大定植穴降低了0~100cm土层土壤容重和开挖到雨季的土壤水分,其中开挖到定植是土壤水分散失的主要阶段。定植沟、大定植穴提高了0~100cm土层土壤总孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和地面塌陷深度,相对提高了雨季期间的土壤水分,提高了枝条失水量和抽条指数,造成苗木成活率降低,树体生长量和产量降低。陕北丘陵沟壑区栽植苹果不宜采用雨季后开挖定植沟、大定植穴,翌年春季定植;春季定植时应以普通定植穴为主,并边挖边栽。

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本论文由三部分工作组成。一、金属和岩矿中砷和锑连续测定方法的研究 本文基于新银盐测砷法和铁(Ⅲ)-邻菲啰啉测锑法,利用(月+弟)吸收液不吸收胂的特点,提出并建立了砷和锑连续测定的方法。文中研究并确定了砷、锑连测时的有关条件,较详细地考察了各种因素对砷测定结果的影响以及不同溶剂和某些金属离子(尤其是Ag~+和[AuCl_4]~-)对(月+弟)吸收率的影响。试验了胂、(月+弟)吸收显色液稳定性。探讨了铁(Ⅲ)-邻菲啰林与(月+弟)的氧化还原反应。研究了砷有色溶液的稀释条件和测定锑时的微量技术的应用,解决了砷含量明显高于锑的样品的分析问题。研究了砷和锑样品的高压、常压的消解方法,确定了样品消解的适应条件。研究了多种有机胺对胂、(月+弟)、(月+必)等吸收条件,找到了分离这些氢化物的有机胺的配比,消除了这些氢化物间的相互干扰,同时,研究了其他有关共存离子对砷、锑连测的影响及消除或减轻干扰程度的方法。方法的检出限为0.05ppmAs(3S)和0.09ppmSb(3S)。本方法具有仪器设备简单,操作简便快速,灵敏度高、精密度和准确度均较好等优点。通过对河流沉积物, 岩矿和金属样品的分析,证明本方法具有很好的实用价值。二、氢化物发生-分光光度法连续测定砷和铋的研究 本文探索了硝酸银吸收液吸收(月+必)的测定铋的方法,并在新银盐法测砷和铁(Ⅲ)-邻菲啰啉法测铋的基础上,利用砷(Ⅱ)和铋离子形成氢化物时受酸度的影响各不相同,提出了连续测定砷和铋的方法,对影响方法精密度和准确度的各种因素进行了实验,确定了适宜的分析条件。先从pH > 3的柠檬酸-氨水缓冲介质中,将铋离子还原成气态(月+必)吸收液吸收,尔后,提高反应液酸度至pH ≈ 1.0,再将砷(Ⅱ)从胂的形式还原出来,用胂吸收液吸收,于各自相应波长处测定各自吸收显色液的吸光度,分别计算砷和铋的含量。为了解决含量明显高于铋的样品的分析,我们采用稀释砷有色溶液的方法和用吸光度测量放大技术测铋,同时,采用定时高压法消解各种样品,获得较好的结果。文中还研究了共存离子对铋测定的影响,提出了消除干扰的方法。方法的检出限为0.07ppmAs(3S)和0.08ppmBi(3S)。本方法集分离、富集、显色于一过程内,具有简便快速,且灵敏度高、精密度和准确度均较好的特点,应用于河流沉积物、岩矿和金属样品中砷和铋的测定,得到满意的结果。三、分光光度法同时测定无机多组份的研究-CPA矩阵法同时测定锑、锡和锗 本文改进并研究了苯基萤光酮-op体系光度法测定锡、锗和锑的显色条件;研究了适宜于锑、锡、锗三元素同时测定的光吸收性质,根据ε值差异、吸光度加合性偏差和ε-bar的相对偏差来选择适宜的计算波长。采用Apple-CP60型微机处理数据,建立了CPA矩阵法同时测定锑、锡和锗的光度分析法。通过对合成样品的测定,证明了在CPA矩阵法中,由于引入非零截距和加入与试样相近的混合标准计算p矩阵,提高了方法的准确度,并扩大了方法的适用范围。文中还研究了锑、锡和锗与干扰离子的萃取分离条件。经简单的萃取分离干扰离子,将此法应用于河流沉积物的分析,获得满意的结果,成功地解决了性质相近元素锑、锡、锗的测定问题。

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本文根据我们实验室建立的发酵产物中辅酶Q10定性定量检测方法,筛选得到一株可以代谢产生较多辅酶Q10的野生菌株放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)。 为了提高放射形土壤杆菌的辅酶Q10的产量,本实验利用液体培养研究了单因素对菌株辅酶Q10产量的影响,并用正交法确定了最佳液态发酵条件。最佳发酵培养基是:葡萄糖20g,蔗糖40g, 硫酸铵10g,玉米浆30g, 酵母膏3g,K2HPO4 3g,MgSO4.7H2O 1g,蒸馏水1000mL,pH 7.0-7.2。最佳发酵条件是:转接斜面菌种到种子培养基, 转速220r/min、温度28。C培养24h后,转入发酵培养基(250mL三角拼装液量为50mL,pH 7.0), 接种量为10%,转速220r/min、温度28。C,培养120h。在此条件下,菌体湿重约为50g/L,辅酶Q10含量约为20mg/L。 本文以放射形土壤杆菌为出发菌株进行诱变育种,以期获得辅酶Q10高产菌。根据微生物育种原理、参照辅酶Q10的代谢调控机制,以野生型放射形土壤杆菌(Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50)为出发菌株,采用紫外线和亚硝基胍复合诱变技术,依次筛选得到菌体提取物M抗性菌ARM-7、烟草提取物T抗性菌株ARMT-26、Vk3抗性菌株ARMTV-25、链霉素抗性菌株ARMTVS-32,菌株ARMTVS-32产量达到了36.8mg/L,与原始出发菌株相比,产量提高了77%。 研究了茄尼醇、对羟基苯甲酸、橘子皮提取物D、胡萝卜提取物E、烟草提取物对ARMTVS-32合成辅酶Q10的影响,结果表明这些物质对菌体合成辅酶Q10有一定促进作用,添加0.2g/L茄尼醇时,辅酶Q10含量提高了17%,达到了40.7mg/L;添加1.2g/L橘子皮提取物D时,辅酶Q10含量提高了13.8%,达到了39.6mg/L;添加0.5g/L胡萝卜提取物E时,辅酶Q10含量提高了25.3% ,达到了43.6mg/L;添加8g/L烟草提取物时,辅酶Q10含量提高了12.6%,达到了39.2mg/L。 Production of Coenzyme- Q10 (CoQ10) by fermentation is considered as a process with broad prospects.Quantitative Analysis of CoQ10 in the culture of microbe by TLC—UV spectrophotometry was developed, by using this method we got the strain Agrobacterium radiobacter,which was isolated from forest soil of southwest of China. The effect of the single factor on CoQ10-production ability of the strain was examined by liquid cultured, and its best optimum cultivation conditions were established by orthogonal method. The results showed that the optimum fermentation conditions were as following: carbon sources glucose 20g/L,sucrose 40g/L; nitrongen sources (NH4)2SO4 10g/L,maize liquid 30g/L;yeast extract 3g; K2HPO4 3g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 1g/L; initial pH was 7 and volume of medium(medium volume vs flask volume) was 50mL/500mL, incubating for 120h on a rotary shaker at 220 rpm and 28℃.Under these conditions, the biomass and CoQ10 concentration reached 50g/L and 20mg/L respectively. According to the biosynthesis mechanism of CoQ10 and breeding theory, CoQ10 over-production strains were screened by UV--NTG. mutation using Agrobacterium radiobacter No.50 as parent strain. A microbe-juice resistant mutant ARMTVS-32, which also could resist tobacco-juice, VK3 and streptomycin, was screened out from an agar plate. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 36.8mg/L, which was 77% higher than the initial strain. In addition, We discussed the effects of some organic substrates on the synthesis of CoQ10 in ARMTVS-32. The results showed that solanesol, orange juice D, carrot juice E and tobacco juice could promote the CoQ10 accumulation in the cells. The CoQ10 content of ARMTVS-32 reached 40.7mg/L when added 0.2g/L solanesol,it reached 39.6mg/L when added 1.2g/L orange juice D,it reached 43.6mg/L when added 0.5g/L carrot juice E. it reached 39.2mg/L when added 8g/L tobacco juice.

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通过单因子和多因子摇瓶正交试验,确定了米曲霉液态发酵产氨基酰化酶的最佳发酵条件。优化发酵培养基组成(ρ/g L-1): 葡萄糖40,蔗糖10,可溶性淀粉20,蛋白胨2.5,马铃薯液1 000mL, pH自然。培养基装量50mL/250mL三角瓶,接种量4%。培养温度30℃,转速100 rmin-1,发酵时间42h。每50mL培养物的总酶活由优化前的2627U提高到7338U,是优化前的2.79倍。 研究了米曲霉氨基酰化酶的部分酶学性质,该酶催化反应的最适pH为7.0,最适温度为40℃,低浓度的Co2+(5×10-4mol/L)对酶活激活作用显著,催化反应过程中,底物浓度大于0.2 mol/L时,存在高浓度底物抑制酶活力现象。 初步探索了包埋法固定化米曲霉氨基酰化酶的载体,在实验的五种载体中,以海藻酸钠为载体包埋固定化米曲霉氨基酰化酶酶活保留率高,且操作简单,成本低廉。对包埋法固定化米曲霉氨基酰化酶酶学性质进行了研究,较游离米曲霉氨基酰化酶,最适温度未发生改变,最适pH向碱性范围偏移至8.0,对酸碱和热的稳定性增强,最适底物浓度增大到0.4 mol/L。 根据氨基酰化酶能立体专一水解L-氨基酰化物的特点,利用米曲霉氨基酰化酶对消旋苯丙氨酸进行了拆分。在米曲霉氨基酰化酶选择性的作用于底物N-乙酰-L-苯丙氨酸,得到L-苯丙氨酸后,通过732阳离子树脂和结晶法分别将L-苯丙氨酸和N-乙酰-D-苯丙氨酸分离,N-乙酰-D-苯丙氨酸通过酸水解脱去乙酰基得到D-苯丙氨酸,拆分得到光学纯度为98%的L-苯丙氨酸(收率84.8%)和光学纯度为92.3%的D-苯丙氨酸(收率89.5%)。 separate factors tests and orthogonal experiments,the optimum fermentation conditions of aminoacylase –producing Aspergillus oryzae were determined, as follows(ρ/g L-1),glucose 40,sucrose 10,soluble starch 20,peptone 2.5,potato juice 1000ml, inoculation volume 4%and fermentation temperature 30℃,rotation speed 100rmin-1.The highest total enzyme activity ,7338μ,was obtained after fermentation for 42 h, increased by 279% compared with the original value of 2627μbefore optimization. We dicussed partial characteristics of aminoacylase. The optimal pH and temperature of aminoacylase were 7.0 and 40℃ respectively. Low- concentration Co2+ (5×10-4mol/L)activated the aminoacylase remarkably while high-concentration substrate lowered the aminoacylase . Five vectors has been used for immobolizing the enzyme and calcium alginate showed to be the best one for it had the slightest influence on the enzyme activity, easy to operate ,and low in price, comparing with other fours. The enzymatic charateristic study showed that its optimum temperature didn’t change, but the optimum pH and substrat concentration were higher after immobilization. The stability of immobolized enzyme to acid, alkaline and heat rised as well. The aminoacylse from Aspergillus oryzae was used to resolute racemic phenylalanine to obtain D-phenylalanine. After catalyzing process, we took two methods to separate D-phenylalanine .In end,L-phenylalanine was obtained with 98% optical purity in 84.8% yield, D-phenylalanine was obtained with 92.3% optical purity in 89.5% yield.

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为了选育出适合发酵甜高粱汁来生产酒精的酵母菌株,本论文以酒精酵母Saccharomyces cerevisiae YY为材料,利用兰州近代物理研究所重离子研究装置(HIRFL)产生的100MeV/u碳离子束对酒精酵母进行了辐照诱变。采用红四氮唑(TTC)作为筛选指示剂,初筛得到了5株产酒能力有所提高的突变酵母菌。通过甜高粱汁发酵,测定发酵液中酒精含量和残糖,复筛出产酒精能力比出发菌株有明显提高的诱变菌株T4。并对其发酵条件进行了优化,以期获得的结果能够为甜高粱汁工业化生产酒精提供参考数据。通过本论文的研究,得到以下初步结果: 1. 在甜高粱汁培养基中,酒精酵母YY的对数生长期在8-20h之间,此时菌体的生长繁殖比较旺盛,活力最佳,为辐照诱变的最佳时期。辐照后,菌体的存活率随辐照剂量的增加呈现出逐渐衰减的趋势。 2. 红四氮唑TTC是一种无色显色指示剂,活菌中所含的脱氢酶可将它还原成红色,因此可以根据菌落呈色的深浅判断酵母菌产酒精能力的高低,从而挑选出产酒能力较高的菌株。本试验用TTC双层培养基法初步筛选出了利用甜高粱汁发酵生产酒精能力较强的T4酵母菌株。 3. 对影响T4菌发酵甜高粱汁生产酒精的几个主要因素(甜高粱汁糖度、接种量、温度、pH、无机盐)进行了初步探讨研究,得出了T4菌发酵甜高粱汁生产酒精的最适条件为:甜高粱汁糖度22%,接种量10%,温度30oC,pH 4.5 ,无机盐加入量为:(NH4)2SO4 1g/L,KH2PO4 5g/L,MgSO4 3g/L。 4. 对发酵条件进行优化后的中试结果显示:出发菌株YY发酵甜高粱汁的时间为36h,酒精产量为8.6% (V/V) ,而T4突变菌甜高粱汁发酵液中的最终酒精含量可以达到9.8%,发酵时间仅为24h。因此,T4菌在工业应用中很有前景

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A flow injection system for the determination of organophosphate and carbamate pesticides is described. A sensitive fluorescence probe was synthesized and used as the pH indicator to detect the inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACNE). The percentage inhibition of enzyme activity is correlated to the pesticide concentration. Several parameters influencing the performance of the system are discussed. The detection limits of 3.5, 50, 12 and 25 mug/l for carbofuran, carbaryl, paraoxon and dichlorvos, in pure water, respectively were achieved with an incubation time of 10 min. A complete cycle of analysis, including incubation time, took 14 min. The detection system has been applied to the determination of carbofuran in spiked vegetable juices (Chinese cabbage and cole), achieving recovery values between 93.2 and 107% for Chinese cabbage juice and 108 and 118% for cole juice at the different concentration levels assayed. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

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以黄土高原沟壑区的苹果园为研究对象,对6~36 a苹果园土壤重金属含量状况进行研究,结果发现,该区苹果园的高投入种植管理模式,能够影响重金属在土壤中的迁移与富集,使土壤重金属含量发生明显变化。土壤Cu含量随树龄增加而增加,20 a以上的土壤-果树系统对土壤Cu的输入与输出趋于平衡,Cu含量变化不大,且耕层土壤Cu含量较高。Cr含量随树龄线性递增,36 a果园0~20 cm,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层Cr含量分别比6 a果园增加27.14%,17.09%和19.17%。Cd含量随树龄增加先增加后减少,长期大量施用磷肥是土壤Cd的主要来源,果园生态系统深层土壤Cd含量的峰值比耕层提前出现。Pb含量以15~26 a果园含量最高,树龄<15 a和>26 a时Pb含量较低。Hg含量则以15 a为转折点,在不同土层上呈现出不同的变化趋势。As含量在树龄<15 a时逐渐降低,15~20 a时逐渐增加,20 a以后果园土壤As含量趋于不变,且各土层之间差异不显著。