Variación de la Ictiofauna Demersal frente al Perú entre 1981 y 1987

En la base de datos de cinco cruceros de evaluación de recursos demersales realizados en épocas normales y de El Niño se analizó el número de especies ícticas y el índice de diversidad en relación a la densidad (captura/lance) de los recursos y a las condiciones del ambiente. El número de especies baja de norte a sur y la tasa de reducción se modifica durante los eventos. El Niño en función de la intensidad y duración del fenómeno. La relación entre la densidad (captura/lance), la diversidad y la concentración del oxígeno, se expresa en una ecuación exponencial compuesta.

Arthropods associated with pig carrion in two vegetation profiles of Cerrado in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Forensic Entomology research has been concentrated in only a few localities of the "Cerrado" vegetation, the Brazilian Savannah. The present study had, as its objective, an examination of the diversity of arthropod fauna associated with the carcasses of Sus scrofa (Linnaeus) in this biome. The study was conducted during the dry and humid periods in two Cerrado vegetation profiles of the State of Minas Gerais. The decaying process was slower and greater quantities of arthropods were collected during the dry period. Insects represented 99% of 161,116 arthropods collected. The majority of these were Diptera (80.2%) and Coleoptera (8.8%). The entomofauna belong to 85 families and at least 212 species. Diptera were represented by 31 families and at least 132 species. Sarcophagidae (Diptera) and Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) were the richest groups. Oxysarcodexia (Sarcophagidae) presented the largest number of attracted species, however none of these species bred in the carcasses. The Coleoptera collected belong to at least 50 species of 21 families. Among these species, Dermestes maculatus and Necrobia rufipes were observed breeding in the carcasses. This study showed species with potential importance for estimating the postmortem interval (PMI), indicative of seasonal and environmental type located.

O papel da Universidade no desenvolvimento

Este artigo pretende fazer uma análise da sociedade global e do conhecimento em que actualmente vivemos. Tentamos ainda questionar e reflectir sobre o papel da Universidade e qual pode e deve ser o seu contributo para o desenvolvimento.

Estado reproductivo, fecundidad parcial y frecuencia de desove de la anchoveta peruana a inicios de otoño 1998. Crucero BIC Humboldt 9803-05 de Tumbes a Tacna

Durante la ejecución de este crucero, efectuado entre el 20 de marzo y el 7 de mayo de 1998, se estudió el estado reproductivo de la anchoveta, a través del análisis histológico, por grados latitudinales, registrándose anchoveta desovante en el área comprendida entre 8°S y 13°S. Desde el 14°S al 18°S la especie se encontró en un periodo de reposo reproductivo con valores de ovarios desovantes (con folículos post-ovulatorios y ovocitos hidratados) comparativamente menores a los registrados en la zona norte-centro. Los resultados de la muestra fueron ponderados a las capturas efectuadas por grados latitudinales. Los individuos jóvenes (11,5 a 14,0 cm) resultan ser la fracción de adultos más importante de la población, sobre todo en la zona sur. La fecundidad parcial estimada fue de 6.668 ovocitos por bache de desove, con una desviación estándar de 212, y el peso promedio de los ovarios en estado de hidratación fue de 1,25 g, lo cual resulta ser extremadamente bajo en comparación a lo observado a lo observado en años anteriores.

Audit report on Pottawattamie County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2008

Audit report on Pottawattamie County, Iowa for the year ended June 30, 2008

Toimittaja Sakari Virkkunen 1/11 1974

Kirje 1.11.1974

Hausjärvi 23.7.1932

Kirje

Photodamage to Oxygen Evolving Complex - An Initial Event in Photoinhibition of Photosystem II.

Photosystem II (PSII) of oxygenic photosynthesis is susceptible to photoinhibition. Photoinhibition is defined as light induced damage resulting in turnover of the D1 protein subunit of the reaction center of PSII. Both visible and ultraviolet (UV) light cause photoinhibition. Photoinhibition induced by UV light damages the oxygen evolving complex (OEC) via absorption of UV photons by the Mn ion(s) of OEC. Under visible light, most of the earlier hypotheses assume that photoinhibition occurs when the rate of photon absorption by PSII antenna exceeds the use of the absorbed energy in photosynthesis. However, photoinhibition occurs at all light intensities with the same efficiency per photon. The aim of my thesis work was to build a model of photoinhibition that fits the experimental features of photoinhibition. I studied the role of electron transfer reactions of PSII in photoinhibition and found that changing the electron transfer rate had only minor influence on photoinhibition if light intensity was kept constant. Furthermore, quenching of antenna excitations protected less efficiently than it would protect if antenna chlorophylls were the only photoreceptors of photoinhibition. To identify photoreceptors of photoinhibition, I measured the action spectrum of photoinhibition. The action spectrum showed resemblance to the absorption spectra of Mn model compounds suggesting that the Mn cluster of OEC acts as a photoreceptor of photoinhibition under visible light, too. The role of Mn in photoinhibition was further supported by experiments showing that during photoinhibition OEC is damaged before electron transfer activity at the acceptor side of PSII is lost. Mn enzymes were found to be photosensitive under visible and UV light indicating that Mn-containing compounds, including OEC, are capable of functioning as photosensitizers both in visible and UV light. The experimental results above led to the Mn hypothesis of the mechanism of continuous-light-induced photoinhibition. According to the Mn hypothesis, excitation of Mn of OEC results in inhibition of electron donation from OEC to the oxidized primary donor P680+ both under UV and visible light. P680 is oxidized by photons absorbed by chlorophyll, and if not reduced by OEC, P680+ may cause harmful oxidation of other PSII components. Photoinhibition was also induced with intense laser pulses and it was found that the photoinhibitory efficiency increased in proportion to the square of pulse intensity suggesting that laser-pulse-induced photoinhibition is a two-photon reaction. I further developed the Mn hypothesis suggesting that the initial event in photoinhibition under both continuous and pulsed light is the same: Mn excitation that leads to the inhibition of electron donation from OEC to P680+. Under laser-pulse-illumination, another Mn-mediated inhibitory photoreaction occurs within the duration of the same pulse, whereas under continuous light, secondary damage is chlorophyll mediated. A mathematical model based on the Mn hypothesis was found to explain photoinhibition under continuous light, under flash illumination and under the combination of these two.

Calidad de agua en la bahía de Huacho 2002

En el 2002 cumpliendo con el Programa de Vigilancia en Bahías con Alto Potencial de Contaminación, se realizaron cinco prospecciones en las bahías de Huacho (11°05’S-11°07’S) y Carquín (11°04’S-11°05’S). En las dos bahías, la temperatura promedio anual fue 17,7 °C; el O2 promedio en superficie varió entre 3,5-3,8 mL/L y en fondo entre 1,3-1,7 mL/L. Los fosfatos en Huacho presentaron valores normales, en Carquín excedieron los límites permisibles en la LGA (15,80 μg-at/L, julio), los silicatos también superaron los límites. La salinidad fue baja por la descarga del rio Huaura. Ambas bahías mostraron mayores valores de contaminación en momentos de mayor actividad de plantas pesqueras y por efecto de efluentes domésticos, industriales y de irrigación.

Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy using genetically engineered antibody-streptavidin fusion proteins for treatment of non-hodgkin lymphoma.

Purpose: Pretargeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) using streptavidin (SAv)-biotin technology can deliver higher therapeutic doses of radioactivity to tumors than conventional RIT. However, "endogenous" biotin can interfere with the effectiveness of this approach by blocking binding of radiolabeled biotin to SAv. We engineered a series of SAv FPs that downmodulate the affinity of SAv for biotin, while retaining high avidity for divalent DOTA-bis-biotin to circumvent this problem.Experimental Design: The single-chain variable region gene of the murine 1F5 anti-CD20 antibody was fused to the wild-type (WT) SAv gene and to mutant SAv genes, Y43A-SAv and S45A-SAv. FPs were expressed, purified, and compared in studies using athymic mice bearing Ramos lymphoma xenografts.Results: Biodistribution studies showed delivery of more radioactivity to tumors of mice pretargeted with mutant SAv FPs followed by (111)In-DOTA-bis-biotin [6.2 +/- 1.7% of the injected dose per gram (%ID/gm) of tumor 24 hours after Y43A-SAv FP and 5.6 +/- 2.2%ID/g with S45A-SAv FP] than in mice on normal diets pretargeted with WT-SAv FP (2.5 +/- 1.6%ID/g; P = 0.01). These superior biodistributions translated into superior antitumor efficacy in mice treated with mutant FPs and (90)Y-DOTA-bis-biotin [tumor volumes after 11 days: 237 +/- 66 mm(3) with Y43A-SAv, 543 +/- 320 mm(3) with S45A-SAv, 1129 +/- 322 mm(3) with WT-SAv, and 1435 +/- 212 mm(3) with control FP (P < 0.0001)].Conclusions: Genetically engineered mutant-SAv FPs and bis-biotin reagents provide an attractive alternative to current SAv-biotin PRIT methods in settings where endogenous biotin levels are high. Clin Cancer Res; 17(23); 7373-82. (C)2011 AACR.