Study of (TPP)H-2 vapor deposited film on iron

The film by tetraphenylporphyrin((TPP)H-2) vapor deposition on iron was investigated by means of XPS, SEM and visible spectroscopy. N(1s) binding energy characteristic of(TPP)H-2 was gained directly from the deposited samples. N(1s) binding energy of the surface was greatly changed after the deposited sample was washed with solvent. It is indicated that the deposited film is composed of an outer-layer of physically adsorbed (TPP)H-2, and an inner-layer of chemically modified (TPP)H-2.

The rheological and extrusion behaviour of blends based on phenolphthalein poly(ether-ether-sulfone) and thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer

A novel engineering thermoplastic, phenolphthalein poly (ether-ether-sulfone) (PES-C) was blended with a commercial thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer(TLCP), Vectra A950, up to 30 weight percent of TLCP. A rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS-I) and a CEAST capillary rheometer, a rheoscope 1000 were employed to investigate the melt rheology and extrusion behaviour at both the low and high shearing rates. The morphologies of the blends under different shearing were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and correlated to the observed rheology. The principal normal stress differences measured with cone-and-plate geometry give a temperature-independent correlation for both blend and PES-C when they are plotted against shear stress. But the extrudate swell of the blends showed a strong temperature dependence at each shear stress. The concentration dependence of extrudate swell shows a contrary behaviour to that of the inorganic filled system. A reasonable hypothesis based on the relaxation and disorientation of TLCP during flowing in the capillary and exiting was given to explain it. The melt fracture was checked after extrusion from capillary and was discussed.

Developing molecular identification numbers by an all-paths method

A new topological index is devised from an all-paths method. This molecular topological index has highly discriminating power for various kinds of organic compounds such as alkane trees, complex cyclic or polycyclic graphs, and structures containing heteroatoms and thus can be used as a Molecular IDentification number (MID) for chemical documentation. Some published MIDs derived from an all-paths method and their structural selectivity for alkane trees are also reviewed.

Polyepichlorohydrin polyurethane/poly(methyl methacrylate) interpenetrating polymer networks

Polyurethane (PU) based on polyepichlorohydrin/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PECH/PMMA) interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) was synthesized by a simultaneous method. The effects of composition, hydroxyl group number of PECH, NCO/OH ratio and crosslinking agent content in IPNs were investigated in detail. Some other glycols, such as poly(ethylene glycol), poly(propylene glycol) and hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene, were also used to obtain PU/PMMA IPNs. The interpenetrating and fracture behaviors of the IPNs are explained briefly.

热致液晶（LC70）／PET共混物的结构与性能

采用ＷＡＸＤ、ＤＳＣ、ＰＯＭ、ＳＥＭ和力学测试方法研究了ＬＣ７０／ＰＥＴ原位复合材料的结构与性能。结果表明，当ＬＣ７０／ＰＥＴ＜２０％时，ＬＣ７０对ＰＥＴ的结晶生长具有一定促进作用；当ＬＣ７０／ＰＥＴ＞３０％时，共混物结晶能力迅速下降，结晶放热和熔融焓明显降低。ＬＣ７０可起到加速成核作用。ＬＣ７０与ＰＥＴ部分相容，在较高ＬＣ７０含量下的ＳＥＭ观察表明，存在清晰的“皮－芯”结构。

ELECTROCATALYTIC OXIDATION OF ASCORBIC-ACID AT A PRUSSIAN BLUE FILM MODIFIED MICRODISK ELECTRODE

The preparation and the behaviour of a Prussian Blue (PB) film on a platinum microdisk electrode has been described. Electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid has occurred at the PB film modified microelectrode. This shows a typical example of a modified microelectrode in electrocatalysis following our previous theoretical studies (J. Electroanal. Chem., 309 (1991) 103) and the related catalytic reaction rate constant was determined.

聚酰胺酸稳定性的研究

本工作介绍了可以提高聚酰胺酸贮存稳定性的三种方法:1.脱溶剂:残留26％DMAC的薄膜在密封保存315天之后仍具有良好的性能;2.加入叔胺:可提高聚酰胺酸溶液的粘度,但对于三乙胺,有时易发生凝胶化;3.采用对水解稳定的二酐:由三苯二醚四酸二酐和二苯醚二胺获得的聚酰胺酸的DMAC溶液在室温放置385天后仍能涂制成良好的薄膜。

未掺杂和掺铬、铒ZrO_2-Y_2O_3晶体的光谱性质

研究了未掺杂及掺杂铬和铒ZrO_2-Y_2O_3(88:12mol%)晶体室温下的吸收和发光光谱。未掺杂晶体吸收和发光带是由色心引起,~(60)Co γ射线辐照前后其电子顺磁共振证实单电荷(Y_(Zr),Vo)′络合在点阵中存在。掺杂晶体的吸收、激发和发光光谱带相应于各自Cr~(3+)和Er~(3+)离子能级跃迁。使用3d~3电子久期方程计算3Cr~(3+)在立方场下库仑相互作用参数B、C和内晶格场参数D_q。

Expression of Bblhx3, a LIM-homeobox gene, in the development of amphioxus Branchiostoma belcheri tsingtauense

Amphioxus Bblhx3 was identified as a LIM-homeobox gene expressed in gastrulae. Structural analysis suggested that it is a member of lhx3 but not of lhx1 gene group. Whole mount in situ hybridization revealed, that expression of Bblhx3 was initiated at the early gastrula stage and continued at least until 10-day larvae. Expression of Bblhx3 first appeared in the vegetal and future dorsal area in initial gastrulae and became restricted to the endoderm during gastrulation. In neurulae and early larvae, Bblhx3 was expressed in the developing neural tube, the notochord and preoral pit lineage. In 10-day larvae, Bblhx3 was expressed only in the preoral pit. This expression pattern is apparently distinct from that of vertebrate lhx3 genes that are not expressed during gastrulation. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Phylogeography of the Northern Atlantic species Chondrus crispus (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) inferred from nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences

Eighteen isolates of the red algae Chondrus crispus were collected from Northern Atlantic sites, together with C. ocellatus, C. yendoi and C. pinnulatus from the North Pacific. The nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was sequenced and compared, spanning both the ITS regions and the 5.8S rRNA gene. Percentage of nucleotide variation for C. crispus ranged from 0.3% to 4.0%. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using maximum parsimony (MP), neighbor-joining (NJ) and minimum evolution methods. They showed that two main clades existed within the C. crispus samples examined and that suggested C. crispus had a single Atlantic origin. The clustering however did not follow the geographic origin. We hypothesized that the current distribution of C. crispus populations might be a result of three main factors: temperature boundaries, paleoclimate and paleoceanography. ITS data exhibited abundant molecular information not only for phylogeographical investigation but also for systematics studies.

Asymptotic periodicity of the Volterra equation with infinite delay

For some species, hereditary factors have great effects on their population evolution, which can be described by the well-known Volterra model. A model developed is investigated in this article, considering the seasonal variation of the environment, where the diffusive effect of the population is also considered. The main approaches employed here are the upper-lower solution method and the monotone iteration technique. The results show that whether the species dies out or not depends on the relations among the birth rate, the death rate, the competition rate, the diffusivity and the hereditary effects. The evolution of the population may show asymptotic periodicity, provided a certain condition is satisfied for the above factors. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

几种非营养无公害添加剂对大菱鲆的效应和机理研究

在基础饲料中分别添加0.04％低聚木糖、0.13％酵母细胞壁、0.08％胆汁酸和同量组合添加，形成5个处理组。采用随机区组试验设计，将体重151.3±15.2 g 的健康大菱鲆鱼165尾平均分配到5个处理组(A～E)中（每组3重复），经72天试验，进行了生长、水质、消化、免疫等试验和测定，结果如下： 组合组的生长效果和饲料利用率最好，酵母细胞壁或低聚木糖单独添加，表现出优良的促生长和饲料利用率；单独添加胆汁酸也有良好效果。4试验组（组合组、酵母细胞壁组、低聚木糖组、胆汁酸组）与对照组比较，增重率分别提高15.4％、13.9％、12.4％（p<0.05）和7.4％(P>0.05)，饲料系数分别降低6.9％、6.2％、5.4％（p<0.05）和3.8％(P>0.05)。 不同添加剂及组合对试验鱼所处水环境因子变化仅有小幅影响，统计差异不显著（p>0.05）。4试验组比对照组的水体氨氮含量分别提高4.0％、3.2％、3.0％和0.8％(P>0.05)，COD含量分别提高2.8％、-2.2％、-3.4％和0.8％(P>0.05)。根据试验结果，建议水环境因子（氨氮、磷酸盐、COD等）作为水产动物营养与饲料研究的主要衡量指标之一。 3种添加剂组合后达到提高生长大菱鲆非特异性免疫功能的最优效果，对补体C3和C4、细胞吞噬活力和SOD的提高作用尤为显著；酵母细胞壁单独添加对补体C3和细胞吞噬活力的作用更加显著；低聚木糖单独添加对补体C4和细胞吞噬活力的作用显著；单独添加胆汁酸提高免疫力的作用相对较弱。 4试验组比对照组的蛋白质消化酶活力在胃和前肠，分别提高20％和24％、17％和19％、16％和15％（p<0.05）、11％和3％(P>0.05)；脂肪消化酶活力在前肠和中肠，分别提高22％和19％、19％和17％（p<0.05）、7％和12％（p>0.05）、19％和18％（p<0.05）。 4试验组比对照组的蛋白质消化率分别提高了3.6％、2.9％、3.7％（p<0.05）和1.5％（p>0.05）；粪蛋白质排出量减少12.7％、7.1％、13.4％和2.4％（p>0.05）。说明，3种添加剂显著提高了生长大菱鲆蛋白质消化率，使粪蛋白质排出量不同程度降低，显示了试验使用添加剂的无公害效应。 权衡不同添加剂及其组合对大菱鲆生长期生长性能、饲料利用率、水生态因子、消化酶活力、非特异性免疫、蛋白质消化与粪蛋白质排出的综合影响，本研究从生态与环保角度得出：3种添加剂组合的效果最好，酵母细胞壁或低聚木糖单独添加表现出优良效果；单独添加胆汁酸也有良好作用。

Bioenergetic responses of sub-adult sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) to temperature with special discussion regarding its southernmost distribution limit in China

1. This paper investigated the bioenergetic responses of the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (wet weights of 36.5 +/- 1.2 g) to different water temperatures (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 degrees C) in the laboratory. 2. Results showed that theoretically the optimal temperatures for energy intake and scope for growth (SFG) of sub-adult A. japonicus was at 15.6 and 16.0 degrees C, respectively. The aestivation threshold temperature for this life-stage sea cucumber could be 29.0 degrees C by taking feeding cessation as the indication of aestivation. 3. Our data suggests that A. japonicus is thermo-sensitive to higher temperature, which prevents it from colonising sub-tropical coastal zones. Therefore, water temperature plays an important role in its southernmost distribution limit in China. 4. The potential impact of global ocean warming on A. japonicus might be a northward shift in the geographical distribution. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd, All rights reserved.

Fluorescence Characterization of Dissolved Organic Matter in the East China Sea after Diatom Red Tide Dispersion

Fluorescence excitation-emission spectroscopy (EEMS) was employed to analyze the 3-dimensional fluorescence of dissolved organic matter in the East China Sea after diatom red tide dispersion. The relationships between fluorescence peak intensity, and salinity and chlorophyll-a were discussed. The centers of protein-like fluorescence peaks dispersed at Ex(max)/Em(max) = 270-280/290-315 nm (Peak B), 220-230/290-305 nm (Peak D), 230-240/335-350 nm(Peak S)and 280/320 nm(Peak T). Two humic-like peaks appeared at 255-270/435-480 nm (Peak A) and 330-350/420-480 nm(Peak C). High tyrosine-like intensity was observed in diatom red tide dispersion area, and tryptophan-like fluorescence was also found which was lower. High FIB/FIS showed that diatom red tide produced much tyrosine-like matter during dispersion. Peaks S, A and C had positive correlation with one another, and their distributions were similar, which decreased with distance increasing away from the shore. Good negative correlations between peaks S, A and C and salinity suggested that Jiangsu-Zhejiang coastal water was the same source of then-L Correlations between fluorescence peak intensity and chlorophyll-a were not remarkable enough to clear the relationship between fluorescence and living algal matter. It was supposed that the living algal matter contributed little to the fluorescence intensity of algal dispersion seawater.

祁连山坡地垂直带三种牧草的生长试验

通过盆栽试验,观测分析了祁连山东段南麓坡地3200m-3800m垂直带3种牧草的生长情况。结果表明：中华羊茅（Festuca sinen-sisKeng）仅在3400m处发芽、生长,其他高度上未发芽;垂穗披碱草（Elymus nutansG riseb）和冷地早熟禾（Poa crym ophilaKeng）在不同海拔高度均可发芽、生长。垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾地上、地下生物量沿海拔高度的升高而降低,且前者生物量大于后者;两者的植株高度和根系长度随海拔不同而不同,都在3400m处最大,前者大于后者。因此,垂穗披碱草和冷地早熟禾可以作为高寒草原地区推广种植的首选牧草,而中华羊茅生长所需环境相对苛刻,不易在同类环境下生长。