Sustentabilidade e identidade local: pauta para um planejamento ambiental participativo em sub-bacias hidrográficas da Região Bragantina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Planejamento participativo e intercessão-pesquisa como dispositivos de participação e emancipação do trabalho e do trabalhador na saúde mental coletiva

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O potencial transformador das relações públicas comunitárias: um estudo de caso sobre o projeto de extensão Taquara

The present work refers to graduation media with specialization in Public Relations and intends to observe the potential for social transformation present in the work of the Community public relations and critical development of the profession in a community, from the perspective of economics concepts creative. Specifically highlights this practice in the community and region of Bauru from observation and evaluation of the work done by the author for two and a half years in project Taquara extension, along with Project Bamboo, which has bamboo as a focus of study and its extension actions. Encompasses the perceptions of the author on existing work in the third sector challenges and observes the realization of a participatory planning process and creating a communication plan as a contribution to the growth of the project

Pastoral-Farmer conflicts over natural resources in the Lake Rukwa basin : Challenges facing policy makers in Tanzania

Despite the important role that pastoralism plays in supporting rural livelihoods, national economy and diverse ecological services, its capacity to adapt to change is facing many challenges including adverse policy, pastoral-farmer conflicts and recently, adverse climate change. The recurring conflicts between the two groupings are rather a result of a reaction by a community which has been marginalized over the years. A survey to analyze conflicts, institutional frameworks, policies, laws and regulations governing NRs utilization by pastoral and farmers was conducted in the Lake Rukwa Basin in 2008. The study noted violent conflicts and their causes, including the scarcity of NRs, poor local institutional frameworks and deeper socio-cultural aspects among pastoralists and farmers. The conflicts have become major impediments to the developmental activities in the study areas, to a degree that requires intervention. This, therefore, calls for reorganization of local institutional framework, policies, laws and regulations and participatory planning and co-management of NRs as part of conflicts management and sustainable utilization of them. Key words: Policies, Natural Resources, Conflicts, Pastoralism, Institutional frameworks

La metodología de taller en los procesos de educación popular

La educación popular, a través de sus diferentes trayectorias y experiencias, ha generado, resignificado y recreado un rico acervo metodológico para el trabajo educativo y organizativo con comunidades, organizaciones y sujetos colectivos. Metodologías y técnicas de diverso origen disciplinario y experiencial, que conforman un fecundo cuerpo instrumental para los procesos educativos, la planificación participativa, la sistematización de experiencias, la evaluación y el monitoreo, entre otras acciones. Concebidas junto a las perspectivas teóricas y políticas que le dan sentido, la formación y reflexión sobre las metodologías de educación popular guardan una importancia fundamental para la posibilidad de una praxis transformadora. Si, en cambio, se las disocia de la reflexión teórica y la orientación estratégica, las metodologías se confunden con las técnicas y éstas pasan a ser un fin en sí mismo, en una suerte de tacticismo sin pertinencia estratégica y sin potencial transformador. Sucede con el término "taller" que en ocasiones se lo utiliza de muy variados modos, en diversos contextos, y para nominar cosas muy diferentes entre sí. También al interior de la educación popular se suele llamar "taller" a reuniones de características muy diferentes entre sí. En el presente trabajo se aborda la definición, componentes, momentos y modos de realización de la metodología de taller en los procesos de educación popular, partiendo de ubicar el tema en el marco de una reflexión metodológica general en sus dimensiones teóricas, políticas y éticas

La metodología de taller en los procesos de educación popular

La educación popular, a través de sus diferentes trayectorias y experiencias, ha generado, resignificado y recreado un rico acervo metodológico para el trabajo educativo y organizativo con comunidades, organizaciones y sujetos colectivos. Metodologías y técnicas de diverso origen disciplinario y experiencial, que conforman un fecundo cuerpo instrumental para los procesos educativos, la planificación participativa, la sistematización de experiencias, la evaluación y el monitoreo, entre otras acciones. Concebidas junto a las perspectivas teóricas y políticas que le dan sentido, la formación y reflexión sobre las metodologías de educación popular guardan una importancia fundamental para la posibilidad de una praxis transformadora. Si, en cambio, se las disocia de la reflexión teórica y la orientación estratégica, las metodologías se confunden con las técnicas y éstas pasan a ser un fin en sí mismo, en una suerte de tacticismo sin pertinencia estratégica y sin potencial transformador. Sucede con el término "taller" que en ocasiones se lo utiliza de muy variados modos, en diversos contextos, y para nominar cosas muy diferentes entre sí. También al interior de la educación popular se suele llamar "taller" a reuniones de características muy diferentes entre sí. En el presente trabajo se aborda la definición, componentes, momentos y modos de realización de la metodología de taller en los procesos de educación popular, partiendo de ubicar el tema en el marco de una reflexión metodológica general en sus dimensiones teóricas, políticas y éticas

La metodología de taller en los procesos de educación popular

La educación popular, a través de sus diferentes trayectorias y experiencias, ha generado, resignificado y recreado un rico acervo metodológico para el trabajo educativo y organizativo con comunidades, organizaciones y sujetos colectivos. Metodologías y técnicas de diverso origen disciplinario y experiencial, que conforman un fecundo cuerpo instrumental para los procesos educativos, la planificación participativa, la sistematización de experiencias, la evaluación y el monitoreo, entre otras acciones. Concebidas junto a las perspectivas teóricas y políticas que le dan sentido, la formación y reflexión sobre las metodologías de educación popular guardan una importancia fundamental para la posibilidad de una praxis transformadora. Si, en cambio, se las disocia de la reflexión teórica y la orientación estratégica, las metodologías se confunden con las técnicas y éstas pasan a ser un fin en sí mismo, en una suerte de tacticismo sin pertinencia estratégica y sin potencial transformador. Sucede con el término "taller" que en ocasiones se lo utiliza de muy variados modos, en diversos contextos, y para nominar cosas muy diferentes entre sí. También al interior de la educación popular se suele llamar "taller" a reuniones de características muy diferentes entre sí. En el presente trabajo se aborda la definición, componentes, momentos y modos de realización de la metodología de taller en los procesos de educación popular, partiendo de ubicar el tema en el marco de una reflexión metodológica general en sus dimensiones teóricas, políticas y éticas

Planificación Participativa en la gestión urbana local, identificación de factores claves y nuevas formas de participación? Seguimiento a 13 Alcaldías del Área Metropolitana de Santiago, Chile

La presente tesis se presenta como un continuo de investigaciones realizadas durante el proceso de desarrollo del Doctorado en torno al tema de la Participación Ciudadana en la Gestión Urbana Local. El Objetivo general de la tesis es verificar y evaluar la existencia de una planificación participativa en la gestión urbana local en Chile. Los objetivos específicos abordan los factores clave que facilitan y restringen los procesos participativos en la gestión urbana local, la factibilidad de desarrollar nuevas formas de participación en el medio local y los avances que se han registrado o no en materia de planificación y gestión participativa en Chile. La Metodología planteada es de tipo cualitativa y se centra en el estudio del caso: la RED de Alcaldías Pro-Participación del Área Metropolitana de Santiago. Se utilizan diversos instrumentos metodológicos básicamente cualitativos donde destaca la utilización de la Transparencia Activa con 2 consultas a los 13 municipios, entrevistas a los Directores de la Secretaría de Planificación, SECPLA, a Encargados de las Unidades de Participación y con algunos Asesores Urbanos. Paralelamente en el segundo semestre del año 2013 se llevo a cabo una observación directa de los cabildos territoriales realizados en el marco del proceso de actualización del Plan de Desarrollo Comunal. Por último se realizó un Focus Group con integrantes de los Consejos de la Sociedad Civil de modo de complementar los resultados de las entrevistas y las consultas a los municipios. Todo lo anterior complementado con una revisión documental en relación a la conceptualización de la participación, los tipos de participación, los actores que intervienen en el proceso y los mecanismos o herramientas que hacen posible el desarrollo de estos procesos. Finalmente los resultados esperados, en el marco de los objetivos y las hipótesis planteadas estaban básicamente enfocados en los desafíos que impone llevar adelante una gestión más participativa y transparente. ABSTRACT This thesis is presented as a continuum of the research conducted during the development of the doctorate process on the subject of Citizen Participation in Local Urban Management. Initially referring to the more specific field of urban planning and in this case in the more general context of local planning. The overall aim of the thesis is to verify and assess the existence of participatory planning in local urban management in Chile. The specific objectives address the key factors that facilitate and constrain participatory processes in local urban management, the feasibility of developing new forms of participation in the local environment and the progress that has been registered or not in participatory planning and management in Chile. The proposed methodology is a qualitative approach and focuses on the case study: A Pro-Participation mayors of Greater Santiago. Basically using different qualitative methodological tools which highlights the use of Active Transparency with 2 consultations to the 13 municipalities, interviews with the directors of the Planning Office, SECPLAN, directors or managers of Participation Units in those municipalities that had created one and some professionals in charge of the Urban Office. Parallel to those methodological tools in the second half of 2013 was held a direct observation of the territorial councils (Caboildos Territoriales) made under the PLADECO update process. Finally, a focus group was held with members of the Civil Society Council, COSOC that will complement the results of interviews and consultations with municipalities. All this with tools in the context of a review of documents related to the conceptualization of participation, types of participation, the actors involved in the process and the mechanisms and tools that make possible these participatory processes. Finally the expected results within the framework of the objectives and hypotheses were basically focused on identifying the elements that facilitate or constrain participatory processes and identify accordingly the challenges posed pursue a more participatory and transparent management.

Developing an Interdependent Relationship between Preservation and Recreation: Managing Mountain Bicycling in National Parks

Increasing demand from mountain bikers for greater access to riding in National Park Service (NPS) units is driving the need for park managers to seriously look at the impacts from and feasibility of permitting this recreational use. Currently, NPS units that permit mountain bicycling do not have formal mountain bicycling management plans. An analysis of recreational policies and existing research was conducted to identify criteria for effective mountain bicycling management strategies. Criteria were developed for trail selection, establishment, use, closures and rehabilitation. Criteria were also developed for user education, participatory planning and monitoring. This study shows that the NPS needs formal mountain bicycling management plans that focus on the preservation of natural and cultural resources and consider the appropriateness of proposed recreational uses.

'Institutional Shopping' for Natural Resource Management in a Protected Area and Indigenous Territory in the Bolivian Amazon.

Focusing on an overlapping protected area and indigenous territory in the Bolivian Amazon, this article discusses how indigenous people continue to negotiate access to natural resources. Using the theoretical framework of New Institutionalism, ethnographic data from participatory observations, and interviews with Takana indigenous resource users and park management staff, we identified four phases of institutional change. We argue that under the current institutionally pluralistic setting in the overlapping area, indigenous users apply “institutional shopping” to choose, according to their power and knowledge, the most advantageous institutional framework in a situation. Indigenous users strategically employed arguments of conservation, indigeneity, or long-term occupation to legitimize their claims based on the chosen institution. Our results highlight the importance of ideologies and bargaining power in shaping the interaction of individuals and institutions. As a potential application of our research to practice, we suggest that rather than seeing institutional pluralism solely as a threat to successful resource management, the strengths of different frameworks may be combined to build robust institutions from the bottom up that are adapted to the local context. This requires taking into account local informal institutions, such as cultural values and beliefs, and integrating them with conservation priorities through cross-cultural participatory planning.

Understanding stakeholder participation in post-disaster recovery (case study: Nagapattinam, India)

Stakeholder participation is widely acknowledged as a critical component of post-disaster recovery because it helps create a shared understanding of local hazard risk and vulnerability, improves recovery and mitigation decision efficacy, and builds social capital and local resilience to future disasters. But approaches commonly used to facilitate participation and empower local communities depend on lengthy consensus-building processes which is not conducive to time-constrained post-disaster recovery. Moreover, these approaches are often criticized for being overly technocratic and ignoring existing community power and trust structures. Therefore, there is a need for more nuanced, analytical and applied research on stakeholder participation in planning for post-disaster recovery. This research examines participatory behavior of three stakeholder groups (government agencies, non-local non-government organizations, local community-based organizations) in three coastal village communities of Nagapattinam (India) that were recovering from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. The study found eight different forms of participation and non-participation in the case study communities, ranging from 'transformative' participation to 'marginalized' non-participation. These forms of participation and non-participatory behavior emanated from the negotiation of four factors, namely stakeholder power, legitimacy, trust, and urgency for action. The study also found that the time constraints and changing conditions of recovery pose particular challenges for how these factors operated on the ground and over the course of recovery. Finally, the study uses these insights to suggest four strategies for recovery managers to use in the short- and long-term to facilitate more effective stakeholder participation in post-disaster recovery.

Putting people in planning: participatory democracy, community building and social inclusion

Like other Western nations, since the nineteenth century Australia has been a representative democracy, in which citizens elect parliamentary representatives to make decisions and develop policies on their behalf (see chapter 5). These representatives are supported in their decision making by an ‘arm’s-length’, ‘techno-bureaucratic administration’, which includes experts such as environmental planners (Fung and Wright 2003, p. 3). However, as the issues for decision-making become increasingly complex, and societies increasingly diverse, the idea of citizen participation in decision-making is ever more accepted. There is now a significant body of political theory arguing for a more participatory model of democracy (participatory democracy), a model that strives to create opportunities for all members of a society to contribute meaningfully to decisions about the matters affecting their lives.

Towards a participatory integrated assessment approach for planning and managing Natura 2000 network sites

Managing protected areas implies dealing with complex social-ecological systems where multiple dimensions (social, institutional, economic and ecological) interact over time for the delivery of ecosystem services. Uni-dimensional and top-down management approaches have been unable to capture this complexity. Instead, new integrated approaches that acknowledge the diversity of social actors in the decision making process are required. In this paper we put forward a novel participatory assessment approach which integrates multiple methodologies to reflect different value articulating institutions in the case of a Natura 2000 network site in the Basque Country. It integrates within a social multi-criteria evaluation framework, both the economic values of ecosystem services through a choice experiment model and ecological values by means of a spatial bio-geographic assessment. By capturing confronting social and institutional conflicts in protected areas the participatory integrated assessment approach presented here can help decision makers for better planning and managing Natura 2000 sites.

Towards a Participatory Integrated Assessment Approach for Planning and Managing Natura 2000 Network Sites

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