An anharmonic contribution to the Helmholtz free energy O(lambda 6)

The anharmonic contributions of order A6 to the Helmholtz free energy for a crystal in which every atom is on a site of inversion symmetry, have been evaluated The cor~esponding diagrams in the various orders of the perturbation theory have been presented The validity of the expressions given is for high temperatures. Numerical calculations for the diagrams which contribute to the free energy have been worked out for a nearest-n~ighbour central-force model of a facecentered cubic lattice in the high-temperature limit and in the leading term and the Ludwig approximations. The accuracy of the Ludwig approximation in evaluating the Brillouin-zone sums has been investigated. Expansion for all diagrams in the high-temperature limit has been carried out The contribution to the specific heat involves a linear as well as cubic term~ We have applied Lennard-Jones, Morse and Exponential 6 types of potentials. A comparison between the contribution to the free energy of order A6 to that of order A4 has been made.

The counterpropagating Rossby wave perspective on Kelvin Helmholtz instability as a limiting case of a Rayleigh shear layer with zero width

The Kelvin Helmholtz (KH) problem, with zero stratification, is examined as a limiting case of the Rayleigh model of a single shear layer whose width tends to zero. The transition of the Rayleigh modal dispersion relation to the KH one, as well as the disappearance of the supermodal transient growth in the KH limit, are both rationalized from the counterpropagating Rossby wave perspective.

Occurrence of Kelvin-Helmholtz Billows in Sea-breeze Circulations

Centred at the interface between the sea-breeze and the return flow aloft, Kelvin-Helmholtz billows (KHB) are an important feature of the turbulent structure of some sea-breeze circulations (SBCs). In other SBCs, there are no prominent KHBs observed. Factors governing the appearance of billows are determined from a database of 139 sea breezes, constructed from two years of summertime surface observations at a site on the south coast of England. Post-frontal oscillations occur in the surface data for some SBCs and are interpreted as indicating possible KHBs aloft. The SBCs are formed under a wide range of synoptic conditions, enabling various measures of possible billow occurrence to be related to properties of the large-scale, ambient flow. Consistent with laboratory experiments of density currents, KHBs are suppressed for propagation into a head wind and enhanced with a tail wind. They are also found to be enhanced for stronger ambient wind speeds, while large-scale coast-parallel flow is effective in suppressing the billows.

The point-source method for 3D reconstructions for the Helmholtz and Maxwell equations

We use the point-source method (PSM) to reconstruct a scattered field from its associated far field pattern. The reconstruction scheme is described and numerical results are presented for three-dimensional acoustic and electromagnetic scattering problems. We give new proofs of the algorithms, based on the Green and Stratton-Chu formulae, which are more general than with the former use of the reciprocity relation. This allows us to handle the case of limited aperture data and arbitrary incident fields. Both for 3D acoustics and electromagnetics, numerical reconstructions of the field for different settings and with noisy data are shown. For shape reconstruction in acoustics, we develop an appropriate strategy to identify areas with good reconstruction quality and combine different such regions into one joint function. Then, we show how shapes of unknown sound-soft scatterers are found as level curves of the total reconstructed field.

Plane wave discontinuous Galerkin methods for the 2D Helmholtz equation: analysis of the $p$-version

Plane wave discontinuous Galerkin (PWDG) methods are a class of Trefftz-type methods for the spatial discretization of boundary value problems for the Helmholtz operator $-\Delta-\omega^2$, $\omega>0$. They include the so-called ultra weak variational formulation from [O. Cessenat and B. Després, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 35 (1998), pp. 255–299]. This paper is concerned with the a priori convergence analysis of PWDG in the case of $p$-refinement, that is, the study of the asymptotic behavior of relevant error norms as the number of plane wave directions in the local trial spaces is increased. For convex domains in two space dimensions, we derive convergence rates, employing mesh skeleton-based norms, duality techniques from [P. Monk and D. Wang, Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Engrg., 175 (1999), pp. 121–136], and plane wave approximation theory.

Vekua theory for the Helmholtz operator

Vekua operators map harmonic functions defined on domain in \mathbb R2R2 to solutions of elliptic partial differential equations on the same domain and vice versa. In this paper, following the original work of I. Vekua (Ilja Vekua (1907–1977), Soviet-Georgian mathematician), we define Vekua operators in the case of the Helmholtz equation in a completely explicit fashion, in any space dimension N ≥ 2. We prove (i) that they actually transform harmonic functions and Helmholtz solutions into each other; (ii) that they are inverse to each other; and (iii) that they are continuous in any Sobolev norm in star-shaped Lipschitz domains. Finally, we define and compute the generalized harmonic polynomials as the Vekua transforms of harmonic polynomials. These results are instrumental in proving approximation estimates for solutions of the Helmholtz equation in spaces of circular, spherical, and plane waves.

Plane wave approximation of homogeneous Helmholtz solutions

In this paper, we study the approximation of solutions of the homogeneous Helmholtz equation Δu + ω 2 u = 0 by linear combinations of plane waves with different directions. We combine approximation estimates for homogeneous Helmholtz solutions by generalized harmonic polynomials, obtained from Vekua’s theory, with estimates for the approximation of generalized harmonic polynomials by plane waves. The latter is the focus of this paper. We establish best approximation error estimates in Sobolev norms, which are explicit in terms of the degree of the generalized polynomial to be approximated, the domain size, and the number of plane waves used in the approximations.

The impedance boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in a half-plane

We prove unique existence of solution for the impedance (or third) boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in a half-plane with arbitrary L∞ boundary data. This problem is of interest as a model of outdoor sound propagation over inhomogeneous flat terrain and as a model of rough surface scattering. To formulate the problem and prove uniqueness of solution we introduce a novel radiation condition, a generalization of that used in plane wave scattering by one-dimensional diffraction gratings. To prove existence of solution and a limiting absorption principle we first reformulate the problem as an equivalent second kind boundary integral equation to which we apply a form of Fredholm alternative, utilizing recent results on the solvability of integral equations on the real line in [5].

Scattering by rough surfaces: the Dirichlet problem for the Helmholtz equation in a non-locally perturbed half-plane

We consider the Dirichlet boundary value problem for the Helmholtz equation in a non-locally perturbed half-plane, this problem arising in electromagnetic scattering by one-dimensional rough, perfectly conducting surfaces. We propose a new boundary integral equation formulation for this problem, utilizing the Green's function for an impedance half-plane in place of the standard fundamental solution. We show, at least for surfaces not differing too much from the flat boundary, that the integral equation is uniquely solvable in the space of bounded and continuous functions, and hence that, for a variety of incident fields including an incident plane wave, the boundary value problem for the scattered field has a unique solution satisfying the limiting absorption principle. Finally, a result of continuous dependence of the solution on the boundary shape is obtained.

Is the Helmholtz equation really sign-indefinite?

The usual variational (or weak) formulations of the Helmholtz equation are sign-indefinite in the sense that the bilinear forms cannot be bounded below by a positive multiple of the appropriate norm squared. This is often for a good reason, since in bounded domains under certain boundary conditions the solution of the Helmholtz equation is not unique at wavenumbers that correspond to eigenvalues of the Laplacian, and thus the variational problem cannot be sign-definite. However, even in cases where the solution is unique for all wavenumbers, the standard variational formulations of the Helmholtz equation are still indefinite when the wavenumber is large. This indefiniteness has implications for both the analysis and the practical implementation of finite element methods. In this paper we introduce new sign-definite (also called coercive or elliptic) formulations of the Helmholtz equation posed in either the interior of a star-shaped domain with impedance boundary conditions, or the exterior of a star-shaped domain with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Like the standard variational formulations, these new formulations arise just by multiplying the Helmholtz equation by particular test functions and integrating by parts.

Solução da equação de transporte multidimensional em geometria cartesiana e meio infinito usando derivada fracionária

Neste trabalho, foi construída uma forma integral para a solução das equações de transporte em uma, duas e três dimensões, considerando o núcleo de espalhamento de Klein-Nishina, espalhamento isotrópico e o núcleo de espalhamento de Rutherford, respectivamente, seguindo a mesma idéia proposta em trabalhos recentes, nos quais foi construída uma solução para a equação de transporte de nêutrons em geometria cartesiana, usando derivada fracionária. A metodologia consiste em igualar a derivada fracionária do fluxo angular à equação integral, determinar a ordem da derivada fracionária comparando o núcleo da equação integral com o da definição de Riemann-Liouville. Essa formulação foi aplicada ao cálculo de dose absorvida. São apresentadas soluções geradas a partir do emprego do método da derivada fracionária e comparadas a resultados disponíveis na literatura.

Solução da equação de transporte de fótons para uma placa plana heterogênea, modelo de multigrupo com núcleo de espalhamento de Klein-Nishina

Neste trabalho o método LTSN é utilizado para resolver a equação de transporte de fótons para uma placa plana heterogênea, modelo de multigrupo, com núcleo de espalhamento de Klein-Nishina, obtendo-se o fluxo de fótons em valores discretos de energia. O fluxo de fótons, juntamente com os parâmetros da placa foram usados para o cálculo da taxa de dose absorvida e do fator de buildup. O método LTSN consiste na aplicação da transformada de Laplace num conjunto de equações de ordenadas discretas, fornece uma solução analítica do sistema de equações lineares algébricas e a construção dos fluxos angulares pela técnica de expansão de Heaviside. Essa formulação foi aplicada ao cálculo de dose absorvida e ao fator de Buildup, considerando cinco valores de energia. Resultados numéricos são apresentados.

Estudo e solução da equação de transporte de nêutrons bidimensionais pelo método LTSn para elevadas ordens de quadraturas angulares : LTSn2D - Diag e LTSn2D - DiagExp

O principal objetivo dessa tese consiste em determinar uma solução numéricada equação bidimensional do transporte de nêutrons para elevadas ordens de quadratura angular. Diagonalizando a matriz de transporte LTSN bidimensional , construímos dois algoritmos que se diferenciam pela forma de representar os termos de fuga transversal, que surgem nas equações LTSN integradas transversalmente. Esses termos no método LTSN2D − Diag são expressos como combinação linear dos autovetores multiplicados por exponenciais dos respectivos autovalores. No método LTSN2D − DiagExp os termos de fuga transversal são representados por uma função exponencial com constante de decaimento heuristicamente identificada com parâmetros materiais característicos do meio. A análise epectral desenvolvida permite realizar a diagonalização. Um estudo sobre o condicionamento é feito e também associamos um número de condicionamento ao termo de fuga transversal. Definimos os erros no fluxo aproximado e na fórmula da quadratura, e estabelecemos uma relação entre eles. A convergência ocorre com condições de fronteira e quadratura angular adequadas. Apresentamos os resultados numéricos gerados pelos novos métodos LTSN2D − Diag e LTSN2D − DiagExp para elevadas ordens de quadratura angular para um problema ilustrativo e comparamos com resultados disponíveis na literatura.