88 resultados para WSSV


Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Calreticulin (CRT), as an endoplasmic reticulum luminal resident protein, plays important roles in Ca2+ homeostasis and molecular chaperoning. CRT on the surface of the cell can modulate cell adhesion, phagocytosis and integrin-dependent Ca2+ signaling. The full length cDNA of calreticulin (FcCRT) was cloned from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis. It consists of 1672 by with an open reading frame of 1221 bp, encoding 406 amino acids. This is the first reported cDNA sequence of calreticulin in Crustacea. The deduced amino acid sequence of FcCRT showed high identity with those of Bombyx mori (88%), Drosophila melanogaster (83%), Mus musculus (82%) and Homo sapiens (82%). Highest expression of FcCRT was detected in ovary by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. Different mRNA levels of FcCRT were detected at various molting stages. Expression of FcCRT was induced significantly after 3 h of heat shock treatment, reached the maximum at 4 h and dropped after that. Differential expression profiles of FcCRT were observed in hepatopancreas and haemocytes when shrimp were challenged by white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). From the above results, we inferred that FcCRT might play important roles in Ca2+ homeostasis, chaperoning and immune function in shrimp. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen gene was cloned from Fenneropenaeus chinensis (FcPCNA). The full-length cDNA sequence of FcPCNA encodes 260 amino acids showing high identity with PCNAs reported in other species. FcPCNA expressed especially high in proliferating tissues of shrimp such as haematopoietic tissue (HPT) and ovary. In order to understand the response of HPT to bacteria and virus challenge, mRNA level of FcPCNA in HPT was analyzed after shrimp were challenged by Vibrio anguillarum and white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). FcPCNA expression in HPT of shrimp was responsive to WSSV and Vibrio challenge, but different expression profiles were obtained after challenge by these two pathogens. The data provide additional information to understand the defense mechanisms of shrimp against virus and bacteria. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are an evolutionarily ancient family of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), playing a crucial role in innate immune responses. Here we present a Toll homolog from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis, designated FcToll. The full-length cDNA of FcToll is 4115 bp including a poly A-tail of 16 bp, encoding a putative protein of 931 amino acids. The predicted protein consists of an extracellular domain with a potential signal peptide, 16 leucine-rich repeats (LRR), two LRR-C-terminal (LRR-CT) motifs, and two LRR-N-terminal (LRR-NT) motifs, followed by a transmembrane segment of 23 amino acids, and a cytoplasmic Toll/Interteukin-IR (TIR) domain of 139 residues. Genomic structure of FcToll gene contains five exons and four introns. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that it belongs to insect-type invertebrate Toll family. Transcripts of FcToll gene were constitutively expressed in various tissues, with predominant level in lymphoid organ. Real-time PCR assays demonstrated that expression patterns of FcToll were distinctly modulated after bacterial or viral stimulation, with significant enhancement after 5 h post-Vibrio anguillorum challenge but markedly reduced levels immediately after white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) exposure. These results suggest that FcToll might be involved in innate host defense, especially against the pathogen V. anguillarum. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Catalase is an important antioxidant protein that protects organisms against various oxidative stresses by eliminating hydrogen peroxide. The full-length catalase cDNA of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis was cloned from the hepatopancreas using degenerate primers by the method of 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends PCR. The cDNA sequence consists of 1892 bp with a 1560 bp open reading frame, encoding 520 amino acids with high identity to invertebrate, vertebrate and even bacterial catalases. The sequence includes the catalytic residues His71, Asn144, and Tyr354. The molecular mass of the predicted protein is 58824.04 Da with an estimated pl of 6.63. Sequence comparison showed that the deduced amino acid sequence of F. chinensis catalase shares 96%, 73%, 71% and 70% identity with that of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Abalone Haliotis discus hannai, Zhikong scallop Chlamys farreri and Human Homo sapiens, respectively. Catalase transcripts were detected in hepatopancreas, hemocytes, lymphoid organ, intestine, ovary, muscle and gill. by real-time PCR. The variation of catalase mRNA transcripts in hemocytes and hepatopancreas was also quantified by real-time PCR and the result indicated that the catalase showed up-regulated expression trends in hemocytes at 14 h and in hepatopancreas at 37 h after injection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays an important role in crustacean immune defense reaction by eliminating oxidative stress. Knowledge on MnSOD at molecular level allows us to understand its regulatory mechanism in crustacean immune system. A novel mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) was cloned from hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis by 3' and 5' rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) PCR. The full-length cDNA consists of 1185 bp with a 660 bp open reading frame, encoding 220 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence contains a putative signal peptide of 20 amino acids. Sequence comparison showed that the mMnSOD of F. chinensis shares 88% and 82% identity with that of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii and blue crab Callinectes sapidus, respectively. mMnSOD transcripts were detected in hepatopancreas, hemocytes, lymphoid organ, intestine, ovary, muscle and gill by Northern blotting. RT-PCR analysis indicated that mMnSOD showed different expression profiles in shrimp hemocytes and hepatopancreas after artificial infection with while spot syndrome virus (WSSV). In addition, a fusion protein containing mMnSOD was produced in vitro. LC-ESI-MS analysis showed that two peptide fragments (-GDVNTVISLAPALK- and -NVRPDYVNAIWK-) of the recombinant protein were identical to the corresponding sequence of M. rosenbergii mMnSOD, and the enzyme activity of the refolded recombinant protein was also measured. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Ferritin, the iron storage protein, plays a key role in iron metabolism. A cDNA encoding ferritin (FcFer) was cloned from hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp, Fenneropenaeus chinensis. The predicted protein contains 170 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight (MW) about 19, 422.89 Da and theoretical isoelectric point (PI) of 4.73. Amino acid alignment of FcFer revealed 97% homology with Litopenaeus vannamei ferritin. Results of the RT-PCR showed that the expression of FcFer mRNA was up-regulated after shrimp was challenged with either white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) or heavy metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+) in the laboratory. A fusion protein containing FcFer was produced and the purified recombinant protein exhibited similar function of iron uptake in vitro. The result of in-gel digestion and identification using LC-ESI-MS showed that two peptide fragments (-DDVALPGFAK- and -LLEDEYLEEQVDS1KK-) of the recombinant protein were identical to the corresponding sequence of L. vannamei ferritin. The recombinant FcFer protein will be proved useful for study on the structure and function of ferritin in F chinensis. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A large number of polymorphic simple sequence repeats (SSRs) or microsatellites are needed to develop a genetic map for shrimp. However, developing an SSR map is very time-consuming, expensive, and most SSRs are not specifically linked to gene loci of immediate interest. We report here on our strategy to develop polymorphic markers using expressed sequence tags (ESTs) by designing primers flanking single or multiple SSRs with three or more repeats. A subtracted cDNA library was prepared using RNA from specific pathogen-free (SPF) Litopenaeus vannamei juveniles (similar to 1 g) collected before (0) and after (48 h) inoculation with the China isolate of white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). A total of 224 clones were sequenced, 194 of which were useful for homology comparisons against annotated genes in NCBI nonredundant (nr) and protein databases, providing 179 sequences encoded by nuclear DNA, 4 mitochondrial DNA, and 11 were similar to portions of WSSV genome. The nuclear sequences clustered in 43 groups, 11 of which were homologous to various ESTs of unknown function, 4 had no homology to any sequence, and 28 showed similarities to known genes of invertebrates and vertebrates, representatives of cellular metabolic processes such as calcium ion balance, cytoskeleton mRNAs, and protein synthesis. A few sequences were homologous to immune system-related (allergens) genes and two were similar to motifs of the sex-lethal gene of Drosophila. A large number of EST sequences were similar to domains of the EF-hand superfamily (Ca2+ binding motif and FRQ protein domain of myosin light chains). Single or multiple SSRs with three or more repeats were found in approximately 61 % of the 179 nuclear sequences. Primer sets were designed from 28 sequences representing 19 known or putative genes and tested for polymorphism (EST-SSR marker) in a small test panel containing 16 individuals. Ten (53%) of the 19 putative or unknown function genes were polymorphic, 4 monomorphic, and 3 either failed to satisfactorily amplify genomic DNA or the allele amplification conditions need to be further optimized. Five polymorphic ESTs were genotyped with the entire reference mapping family, two of them (actin, accession #CX535973 and shrimp allergen arginine kinase, accession #CX535999) did not amplify with all offspring of the IRMF panel suggesting presence of null alleles, and three of them amplified in most of the IRM F offspring and were used for linkage analysis. EF-hand motif of myosin light chain (accession #CX535935) was placed in ShrimpMap's linkage group 7, whereas ribosomal protein S5 (accession #CX535957) and troponin I (accession #CX535976) remained unassigned. Results indicate that (a) a large number of ESTs isolated from this cDNA library are similar to cytoskeleton mRNAs and may reflect a normal pathway of the cellular response after im infection with WSSV, and (b) primers flanking single or multiple SSRs with three or more repeats from shrimp ESTs could be an efficient approach to develop polymorphic markers useful for linkage mapping. Work is underway to map additional SSR-containing ESTs from this and other cDNA libraries as a plausible strategy to increase marker density in ShrimpMap.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对虾病害在世界范围内的广泛传播,给水产养殖和沿海农村经济造成了重大损失。深入开展对虾免疫机制研究并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法已成为当务之急。研究表明,当对虾等甲壳动物受到外界病原刺激时,其体内的吞噬细胞在吞噬活动中会激活磷酸己糖支路的代谢,引起呼吸爆发,产生多种活性氧分子。另外,受到病原侵染的对虾还会产生其他多种免疫反应,这些免疫反应将消耗大量的能量(ATP),产能的呼吸链会加速运转,由此也会引发大量活性氧的产生。这些活性氧分子可以杀灭入侵的病原微生物,但同时由于活性氧分子反应的非特异性,它们也会对宿主的细胞、组织和器官造成严重伤害,进而导致对虾生理机能的损伤和免疫系统的破坏。所以,消除对虾体内因过度免疫反应产生的过量氧自由基将能够增强其抵御病原侵染的能力,提高免疫力。本论文从中国明对虾体内克隆了线粒体型超氧化物歧化酶(mMnSOD)、胞质型超氧化物歧化酶(cMnSOD)、过氧化氢酶(Catalase)和过氧化物还原酶(Peroxiredoxin)等四种与免疫系统相关的抗氧化酶基因,分析了它们的分子结构特征,组织分布及应答不同病原刺激的表达变化模式,并对其中的mMnSOD基因和Peroxiredoxin基因进行了体外重组表达、分离纯化和酶活性分析。 采用RACE技术从中国明对虾血细胞中克隆了两个超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)基因,通过序列比对分析发现,其中一个为mMnSOD基因,另一个为cMnSOD基因。mMnSOD基因的cDNA全长为1185个碱基,其中开放阅读框为660个碱基,编码220个氨基酸,其中推测的信号肽为20个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示中国明对虾mMnSOD基因的推导氨基酸序列与罗氏沼虾、蓝蟹的推导氨基酸序列同源性分别为88%和82%。Northern blot结果表明,该基因在对虾的肝胰脏、血细胞、淋巴器官、肠、卵巢、肌肉和鳃等组织中均有表达。半定量RT-PCR结果显示,对虾感染病毒3 h时,该基因在血细胞和肝胰脏中的转录水平显著升高。此外,通过构建原核表达载体,本研究对该基因进行了体外重组表达,并对纯化的重组蛋白进行了质谱鉴定和酶活分析。cMnSOD基因的cDNA全长为1284个碱基,其中开放阅读框为861个碱基,编码287个氨基酸。多序列比对结果显示中国明对虾cMnSOD基因的推导氨基酸序列与斑节对虾和凡纳滨对虾的同源性高达98%和94%。组织半定量结果显示,cMnSOD基因在对虾被检测的各个组织中均有表达。 另外,半定量RT-PCR结果表明,对虾感染病毒23h时,该基因在肝胰脏中的转录上升到正常水平的3.5倍;而感染后59 h时,该基因在血细胞中的转录上升到正常水平的2.5倍。 利用根据其他生物过氧化氢酶保守氨基酸序列设计的简并引物,结合RACE技术,从中国明对虾肝胰脏中克隆到了过氧化氢酶基因的部分片段,片段长1725个碱基。多序列比对结果发现目前所得中国明对虾Catalase基因部分片段的推导氨基酸序列与罗氏沼虾和皱纹盘鲍Catalase氨基酸序列的同源性分别达到95%和73%。通过实时荧光定量PCR技术对中国明对虾Catalase基因在各个组织中的分布情况及病毒感染后该基因在血细胞和肝胰脏中的转录变化进行了研究。结果发现,该基因在肝胰脏、鳃、肠和血细胞中表达水平较高,在卵巢、淋巴器官和肌肉中的表达水平相对较弱;感染病毒23 h和37 h时,对虾血细胞和肝胰脏中该基因mRNA的表达量分别出现显著性上升。 依据中国明对虾头胸部cDNA文库提供的部分片段信息,结合SMART-RACE技术,从中国明对虾肝胰脏中克隆到了过氧化物还原酶基因(Peroxiredoxin), 该基因的cDNA全长为942个碱基,其中开放阅读框为594个碱基,编码198个氨基酸。中国明对虾Peroxiredoxin基因的推断氨基酸序列与伊蚊、文昌鱼和果蝇等Peroxiredoxin基因的推断氨基酸序列同源性分别为77%、76%和73%。其蛋白理论分子量为22041.17 Da,pI为5.17。Northern blot结果表明,Peroxiredoxin基因在对虾的肝胰脏、血细胞、淋巴器官、肠、卵巢、肌肉和鳃等组织中均有表达。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,弧菌感染后,该基因在对虾血细胞和肝胰脏中的转录水平都有明显变化并且表达模式不同。另外,对该基因进行了体外重组表达,并对纯化的重组蛋白进行了质谱鉴定和酶活性分析。酶活性分析表明,复性后的重组蛋白能在DTT存在的条件下还原H2O2。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

白斑综合症病毒(whitespotsyndromevirus,WSSV)是近来危害对虾养殖业的主要病原之一,自出现以来给对虾养殖业带来巨大经济损失.研究表明,对虾病害的发生是对虾自身的健康状况、病原微生物、以及环境条件等各种因素相互作用的结果,因此对虾病毒问题的研究必须从多角度综合考虑,其中研究环境胁迫因子与养殖动物抗病力和病原生物致病能力的相互作用关系是解决病害问题的关键.该文在国家重点基础研究发展规划项目“环境胁迫对对虾抗病力的影响及其人工调控”的支持下,利用从暴发白斑综合症的中国对虾中分离出的白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)源,通过对虾血细胞计数(totalhaemocytecount,THC)、对虾血清酚氧化酶活性(phenoloxidaseactivity,PO)、对虾累计死亡率及平均死亡时间等方面研究,探讨了感染方式、赤潮异弯藻及盐度变化对对虾感染白斑综合症病毒的影响.

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对虾流行病爆发以来,我国乃至世界的对虾产业一直受到各种虾病的困扰,对虾养殖业严重受阻。解决这一问题的关键是加强对虾免疫机制的研究,并在此基础上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法。Rel/NF-κB是一类核转录因子,在无脊椎动物的先天性免疫中,起着极为重要的作用。 本论文根据其他无脊椎动物中NF-κB家族基因Relish和Dorsal的保守氨基酸序列分别设计简并引物,从中国明对虾血细胞cDNA中先后克隆到了Relish和Dorsal基因的部分片段,并结合SMART-RACE技术分别获得了中国明对虾Relish基因(FcRelish)和Dorsal基因(FcDorsal)的cDNA 全长。 FcRelish的cDNA 全长为2157个碱基,其中开放阅读框为1512个碱基,编码504个氨基酸;FcRelish蛋白的推导分子量为57373.5 Da,理论等电点为7.00。FcDorsal基因的cDNA 全长为1627个碱基,其中开放阅读框为1071个碱基,编码357个氨基酸;FcDorsal蛋白的推导分子量为39780.7 Da,理论等电点为8.85。 分析了FcRelish基因和FcDorsal基因的在血细胞、淋巴器官、肠和肌肉等12个组织中的表达水平。组织表达结果表明FcRelish和FcDorsal在淋巴器官和血细胞中表达水平明显高于其他组织,而淋巴器官和血细胞是对虾免疫系统中最重要的两个组织,由此可以推测中国明对虾中的Relish和Dorsal可能与免疫关系密切。 本论文还利用实时荧光定量PCR技术,对灭活鳗弧菌刺激,以及WSSV病毒刺激后,对虾血细胞和淋巴器官中FcRelish基因和FcDorsal基因的转录水平进行了研究。FcRelish基因在WSSV病毒刺激后,在血细胞和淋巴器官中都出现了波浪形变化,说明FcRelish对WSSV病毒刺激产生了应答。在灭活鳗弧菌刺激后,FcRelish在血细胞中变化不明显,而在淋巴器官中出现了两次明显的下调上调交替,出现这种现象的具体原因有待探究。在WSSV病毒刺激后,血细胞和淋巴器官中FcDorsal的转录表达呈波浪形变化。而在鳗弧菌刺激后,FcDorsal在血细胞和淋巴器官中的转录均在短时间内出现明显的上调表达,说明FcDorsal对鳗弧菌非常敏感。 作为核转录因子的NF-κB蛋白的转录激活作用需要在细胞质中通过蛋白水解作用来激活,为了进一步阐明NF-κB对病菌感染的应答机制,需要进一步研究这两种转录因子在蛋白水平的变化,以便从分子水平阐明NF-κB在对虾天然免疫中的作用。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文研究了海洋微藻在白斑综合症(white spot syndrome)暴发中的可能作用,以及阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)长期暴露对紫贻贝(Mytilus galloprovincialis)生物标志物系统的影响(72 d)。 1.海洋微藻在养殖对虾白斑综合症传播中的作用研究 为了证实海洋微藻是否是养殖对虾白斑综合症的传播途径,我们首先将六种海洋微藻:球定边金藻(Isochrysis galbana)、中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、小球藻(Chlorella sp. )、赤潮异湾藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)、锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)和盐藻(Dunaliella salina),与人工注射感染白斑病毒(white spot syndrome virus)的成体日本囊对虾共同培养,用套氏PCR方法检测共培养的微藻能否携带白斑病毒。在此基础上,进一步研究了共培养后的海洋微藻是否能感染幼体日本囊对虾。研究结果表明,除了H. akashiwo,实验海洋微藻均可携带白斑病毒,但它们携带病毒的能力有明显差异,Chlorella sp.和S. trochoidea携带白斑病毒的能力较强;但是,与白斑病毒的其他携带者(如桡足类等)不同,携带病毒的海洋微藻10天后病毒检测结果均呈阴性。共培养后小球藻组可感染幼体日本囊对虾,但幼体携带病毒的量只能通过二步PCR方法才能检测到。上述结果表明,海洋微藻在WSSV的水平传播途径中具有一定的作用。 2.表面活性剂对紫贻贝生物标志物系统的影响研究 以青岛胶州湾现场调查数据为依据,选择阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)作为污染物、以近海底栖生物紫贻贝为受试生物,研究了长期暴露后紫贻贝生化指标(SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GST, iNOS, AKP)和遗传毒理指标(AFLP指纹图谱)的变化。实验结果发现: 经过72d不同浓度暴露后,SDBS实验组紫贻贝体内的SOD、CAT和iNOS活性均有显著下降(除CAT 0.1mg/L组外),GSH、GST和GPx在3.0mg /L SDS、SDBS组较各自对照组均有显著升高。SDBS对紫贻贝生化指标影响的显著性水平大于SDS。统计分析显示,SDBS暴露组下GST与GPx呈显著正相关关系,iNOS与SOD也表现出一定正相关,但GSH与CAT、GSH与SOD呈现显著负相关关系。SDS浓度与GST呈显著正相关,而SDBS浓度与CAT呈显著负相关。另外,实验结果发现后闭壳肌中iNOS是一个具有应用前景的阴离子表面活性剂暴露生物标志物。AFLP标记结果统计显示,在实验给定的污染物浓度下,SDBS基因毒性要大于SDS;不同的DNA指纹图谱以及遗传距离图显示不同的污染物造成的DNA损伤是不同的。结果表明,在长期暴露条件(72 d)下,一定浓度的阴离子表面活性剂可以对岗哨生物紫贻贝的SOD, CAT, GSH, GPx, GST, iNOS和AFLP指纹图谱一组指标产生显著影响。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对虾病害在世界范围内肆虐,给水产养殖和沿海农村经济造成了重大损失。在水产养殖的实践中快速检测水产动物的病害并及时采取隔离等措施对于控制病害尤为重要,其中关键的环节就是快速检测出病害,并在对虾免疫机制上寻找对虾疾病防治的有效方法。研究表明当对虾等甲壳动物受到外界病原刺激时,极微量的微生物多糖就可以激活proPO系统。激活过程中涉及和产生一系列活性物质,如黑色素、酚氧化酶原激活因子(PPA)、模式识别蛋白(BGBP、PGBP、LGBP、LBP)及其膜上受体和A2巨球蛋白等,它们可通过多种方式参与防御反应,包括提供调理素,促进血细胞吞噬作用,形成结节或包囊以及介导凝集和凝固,产生杀菌物质并且黑色素化。黑色素常常在节肢动物的体表形成黑色斑点,形成的色素沉着对机体起到保护作用。所以,酚氧化酶原激活的级联反应是节肢动物免疫的关键因素。本论文研究开发了以环等温介导技术(LAMP)为基础的检测对虾白斑病毒(WSSV)和鳗弧菌(V. anguillarum)的快速检测方法。并从对虾对病害的免疫机制为切入点,从中国明对虾体内克隆了酚氧化酶原(PrpPO)和丝氨酸蛋白酶FcSP3这两个免疫系统中重要的基因,分析了它们的分子结构特征,组织分布及应答鳗弧菌病原刺激的表达变化模式。 建立的对虾常见病害对虾白班病毒(WSSV)和鳗弧菌(V. anguillarum)的LAMP检测方法,经过实验比对和Blast检索,发现本研究中使用的引物,比已经报导的LAMP方法或者PCR方法具有更宽的检测范围(更低的假阴性)。检测WSSV的LAMP方法使用病毒的VP28基因设计引物,而鳗弧菌的检测方法使用empA基因设计引物。在方法中,首次提出加入UNG酶和dUTP的措施来预防污染,在实际检测中非常有效。LAMP方法与PCR检测方法的灵敏性比较也进行了研究,二者灵敏性相当。 依据中国明对虾血液cDNA文库提供的部分片段信息,结合SMART-RACE技术,克隆了酚氧化酶原(PrpPO)基因,通过序列比对分析发现,PrpPO基因cDNA全长为3040 bp,其中开放阅读框2061 bp,编码686个氨基酸,其中推测的信号肽为12个氨基酸。推测的序列与斑节对虾(P. monodon)同源性为93%,与短钩对虾(P. semisulcatus.)同源性为92%。real time RT-PCR实验结果表明, ProPO在血细胞中的相对表达量最高,肝胰脏中表达量最低。弧菌刺激实验中注射弧菌,刺激了血细胞和淋巴器官中的ProPO mRNA显著增加,说明在血细胞和淋巴器官中存在快速反应的ProPO通路。而ProPO mRNA量在淋巴器官中在时间上早于血液中升至最高,说明该动物在在病原刚开始入侵的时候先有淋巴器官发挥主要的免疫作用,随着时间推移血细胞便变成主要的免疫器官。 根据中国明对虾肝胰脏cDNA文库提供EST信息,经过SMART-RACE克隆了一个丝氨酸蛋白酶FcSP3基因,通过序列比对分析发现,该丝氨酸蛋白酶基因cDNA全长为1622 bp,其中开放阅读框1431 bp,编码477个氨基酸,其中推测的信号肽为22个氨基酸。推测的序列与疟蚊的丝氨酸蛋白酶(A. gambiae)同源性为33%,与丽蝇蛹集金小蜂的酚氧化酶原激活因子(N. vitripennis)同源性为32%,与东北大黑鳃金龟的酚氧化酶原激活因子(H. diomphalia)同源性为34%。淋巴器官中PPAⅡ表达量约为血液中表达量的47560倍,肝胰脏中的FCSP3表达量为血细胞表达量的6226倍。鳗弧菌注射对虾后,淋巴器官中刺激组和对照组FcSP3的mRNA量在刺激后6小时显著降低,但是刺激组的表达量明显高于对照组。刺激组的血细胞与肝胰脏中FcSP3 mRNA的相对表达量增高。而病原刺激后的血液与肝胰脏中的FcSP3 mRNA的增长趋势也在时间上先与ProPO mRNA。这说明FcSP3对ProPO有正调控的作用,但这个调控有一个时间差,并且在不同组织中有不同的调控效率。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对虾养殖业的发展面临着病害严重和环境恶化的严重挑战。对虾细菌和病毒性疾病的频发已给对虾的养殖业造成了严重损失。养殖环境恶化造成的环境胁迫,不但影响对虾的生长性状,而且导致对虾的抵抗力下降,更容易引发病害的发生。研究对虾在外界胁迫(环境胁迫、病原感染)后蛋白表达模式的变化有助于弄清对虾的抗病抗逆机理,为抗病抗逆对虾的培育提供理论依据。 肝胰脏是对虾的重要器官,参与各种重要的生理活动包括消化、吸收、储存和代谢,并且在启动对虾免疫反应起重要作用,其蛋白质表达的变化与对虾的健康状况密切相关。 本研究运用蛋白质组学技术平台(双向电泳、串联质谱、数据库搜索),对中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白进行研究,获得了一些重要进展,结果如下: 1.初步构建了覆盖范围广、分辨率高、重复性好的中国明对虾肝胰脏双向电泳参考图谱,并利用质谱分析和多种数据库搜索方法成功鉴定了122个(68种)蛋白质点,包括14个(9种)能量代谢蛋白、15个(9种)氨基酸代谢蛋白、10个(5种)碳水化合物代谢蛋白、2个(1种)多聚糖代谢蛋白、11个(5种)辅酶和维生素代谢蛋白、1个(1种)脂类代谢蛋白、5个(3种)核酸代谢蛋白、7个(3种)消化酶、3个(1种)细胞骨架蛋白、14个(8种)免疫相关蛋白、9个(6种)抗氧化蛋白、19个(7种)伴侣蛋白、4个(3种)信号转导蛋白、3个(3种)翻译功能蛋白和5个(4种)未分组蛋白。 2.在参考图谱的基础上,研究了缺氧胁迫下中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白质表达模式的变化,成功鉴定了52个(15个上调、37个下调)差异表达的蛋白,包括11个能量产生相关蛋白、13个免疫相关蛋白、11个代谢相关蛋白、6个抗氧化蛋白、7个分子伴侣、2个细胞骨架蛋白和2个未分类蛋白,利用实时定量PCR技术,研究了缺氧胁迫下10个差异蛋白的基因在转录水平上的变化;同时研究了金属镉胁迫后中国明对虾肝胰脏蛋白质表达模式的变化,成功鉴定了29个(4个上调、25个下调)差异表达的蛋白,包括9个能量产生相关蛋白、3个免疫相关蛋白、9个代谢相关蛋白、5个抗氧化蛋白、2个分子伴侣和1个未分类蛋白。 3.分别进行了灭活鳗弧菌和WSSV感染后中国明对虾肝胰脏的差异蛋白质组学研究。灭活鳗弧菌刺激后,45个差异表达的蛋白质(4个上调、41个下调)被成功鉴定出,包括6个能量产生相关蛋白、4个免疫相关蛋白、22个代谢相关蛋白、4个抗氧化蛋白、7个分子伴侣、1个翻译相关蛋白和2个未分类蛋白;WSSV感染后, 48个差异表达的蛋白质(11个上调、37个下调)被成功鉴定出,包括7个能量产生相关蛋白、9个免疫相关蛋白、20个代谢相关蛋白、5个抗氧化蛋白和7个分子伴侣。 通过对上述实验数据的分析,初步探讨了中国明对虾对虾对环境胁迫和病原感染的应答机理。为下一步筛选中国明对虾环境胁迫及免疫应答关键蛋白并研究其功能奠定了基础。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

对虾养殖业的可持续发展面临着种质退化、病害严重和养殖环境恶化等问题的严重挑战。养殖环境恶化造成的环境胁迫,不但影响对虾的生长性状,而且导致对虾的抵抗力下降,更容易引发病害的发生。养殖环境恶化已经严重影响了对虾养殖业的健康可持续发展。本论文针对环境恶化造成的环境胁迫对对虾影响的分子机理进行了研究。 克隆了中国明对虾对环境胁迫应答的重要伴侣蛋白基因,包括钙网蛋白(FcCRT)、葡萄糖调节蛋白78 (FcGrp78)、热休克蛋白70(FcHsp70)和热休克蛋白90(FcHsp90)的全长cDNA,研究了这些基因的组织表达特征,并对这些基因在不同胁迫条件下的转录表达特征进行了分析。 钙网蛋白是一种多功能的内质网钙结合蛋白,负责蛋白折叠和糖蛋白修饰。本论文首次在中国明对虾报道了钙网蛋白FcCRT基因的全长cDNA序列,编码406个氨基酸,具有保守的N-,P-和C-功能域,以及信号肽和保守的HDEL内质网回收标签。FcCRT基因与其它物种的钙网蛋白具有高度的相似性,系统进化分析表明,FcCRT在亲缘关系上更接近昆虫的钙网蛋白。Northern blot和原位杂交结果显示,FcCRT基因在中国明对虾各组织中均有表达,且在卵巢中发育早起的卵母细胞中表达量最高,说明FcCRT很可能参与了卵母细胞的成熟。FcCRT基因在不同胁迫条件下,其转录表达均呈现明显的变化。在WSSV感染实验中,中国明对虾肝胰脏和淋巴器官中FcCRT转录表达均明显上调;热休克、重金属处理均可引起FcCRT基因转录表达的变化,但不同重金属处理引起FcCRT转录表达变化的模式不同。铜离子处理6小时,会引起FcCRT基因的下调表达,但在12小时之后出现明显上调;镉离子处理12小时后引起FcCRT基因的下调表达,但在24小时又出现明显的上调表达。 葡萄糖调节蛋白78(GRP78)是内质网重要的伴侣蛋白。中国明对虾的Grp78基因(FcGrp78)的cDNA全长为2325bp,编码665个氨基酸。FcGrp78具有三个Hsp70蛋白家族标签,并含有KDEL内质网回收标签。FcGrp78基因与中国明对虾已有的Hsc70和Hsp70具有高度相似性。Northern blot杂交结果显示FcGrp78基因在中国明对虾各组织中均有表达。FcGrp78基因在WSSV感染的中国明对虾肝胰脏中呈上调表达,在血细胞中下调表达,说明FcGrp78可能与对虾的免疫应答有关。热休克处理会诱导FcGrp78基因转录的上调。不同重金属离子胁迫引起的FcGrp78转录表达有所不同:铜离子处理可以诱导FcGrp78基因在处理后24小时的上调表达;镉离子的处理导致FcGrp78基因处理后12小时的下调以及处理后24小时的上调表达变化。短期低氧胁迫则抑制对虾FcGrp78基因的转录表达。 本论文报道的中国明对虾FcHsp90基因 cDNA全长2552bp,编码726个氨基酸,具有保守的N端功能域、中间功能域和C端功能域,具有五个保守的Hsp90蛋白家族标签,序列上与其他物种Hsp90相似性高。Real-time RT-PCR结果显示FcHsp90基因在发育的卵巢中表达量较高,说明Hsp90可能参与了对虾卵母细胞成熟过程中的蛋白合成和卵黄蛋白原的分泌。WSSV感染引起中国明对虾肝胰脏的FcHsp90的转录表达明显上调,说明FcHsp90很可能与对虾的免疫相关。热休克处理诱导FcHsp90基因转录表达的迅速上调。铜离子处理也可诱导FcHsp90基因转录的上调表达,而镉离子处理首先引起FcHsp90基因的下调表达,24小时后开始上调。低氧胁迫也会抑制FcHsp90基因在对虾体内的转录表达。 诱导型FcHsp70基因cDNA全长2511bp,编码629个氨基酸,具有三个保守的Hsp70蛋白家族标签和C末端EEVD序列。与其他物种的Hsp70蛋白具有高度的相似性。FcHsp70基因转录表达对于热休克处理和铜离子的处理非常敏感:热休克处理2小时后FcHsp70基因的转录水平是对照组的80倍;铜离子处理12小时FcHsp70基因转录表达达到对照组的15倍。而镉离子处理后没有诱导FcHsp70显著的上调表达。 以上研究结果为阐明对虾对环境胁迫应答的机制奠定了重要基础,并可为抗逆对虾的培育提供依据。

Relevância:

10.00% 10.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

本文主要从病理病原的角度研究了中国对虾、栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝大规模死亡的原因,同时,对中国对虾暴发性病害的流行病学特点及传播机制进行了探讨。中国对虾暴发性病害主要由对虾白斑综合症病毒(WSSV)引起。利用病虾的血淋巴,进行病毒的分离纯化,可以最大限度地降低对虾组织中有机物的干扰,提高WSSV的纯度,同时减少了提取步骤和处理时间,病毒粒子更完整、活力更高。带病毒的组织液经过TritonX-100处理后,可得到较完整,纯度较高的病毒核酸。对虾白斑综合症病毒在灭菌海水中经过15天(22 ℃)便失去感染力;WSSV对紫外线比较敏感,经过紫外线(15W,波长253.7nm,20cm距离)照射20min后,全部失活。在对虾病毒人工感染试验中,采用LC_(50)法和紫外分光光度计法对感染病毒进行定量,其中,LC_(50)能够较准确地反映病毒粒子的活力,而紫外分光光度计测得的病毒悬液浓度易受病毒悬液中杂质的干扰,误差相对较大。环境温度对对虾白斑病的暴发有重要影响,水温在9-13 ℃时,感染病毒的健康虾可以成为病毒的携带者,但不发病;18-22 ℃时,人工感染的健康虾无论采取投喂、浸泡还是注射的侵染方式,均发病死亡。WSSV对不同种类对虾具有不同的致病力,通过试验发现,在常见的对虾种类中,南美白对虾对WSSV的抵抗力大于中国对虾和鹰爪虾。本文利用PCR及电镜技术,对中国对虾染病亲虾的卵巢和各期卵及其刚孵化出的无节幼体进行了病毒检测,染病亲虾刚产的卵及未产出的卵均没有发现病毒存在,在卵巢的结缔组织中检测到病毒存在,刚孵化出的无节幼体PCR检测结果呈阳性,电镜下观测到有病毒样颗粒侵染无节幼体的上层表皮组织。在卵黄内及卵膜的内外层均未检测到病毒,没有发现病毒经卵内及卵膜传播的证据。病毒很可能是在无节幼体期进入对虾体内的。通过PCR及电镜检测发现,对虾养殖环境中的脊尾白虾、日本美人虾、野生螺类、小杂蟹体内均有WSSV存在,说明这些环境生物可能是对虾病毒的中间宿主或保存宿主,在虾病的暴发中起重要传播作用。通过对对虾的养殖海水进行不同级别的过滤发现,虾池中微型生物的数量对WSSV的传播也有一定的影响,在对虾养殖过程中,利用20cm绢网过滤海水,可有效降低WSSV的传播。通过组织病理分析和电镜观察,发现在濒死的栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝体内有寄生原核生物-类立克次氏体(RLO),同时还发现少量的病毒粒子。病理学研究表明,类立克次氏体(RLO),造成栉孔扇贝组织细胞严重病变,可能是引起栉孔扇贝大规模死亡的重要原因。