Traços de tradução em artigos de anestesiologia: uma comparação entre os resultados de um corpus paralelo e de um corpus comparável

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Filosofia da história no direito natural do brasil império

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

The problems of equivalence in advertising translation: examples from English and Russian

Abstract The academic environment has recently recognized the importance and benefits that an extensive research on the translation of advertising can have for translation studies. Despite the growing interest and increasing research activity in the field it is still difficult to speak about a theory of advertising translation in general. There is a need for further study encompassing different languages and both heterogeneous and homogenous cultures that will give the possibility to receive a more complete map of what the translation of advertising is and should be. Previous studies have been concentrated, for the most part, on Western European language pairs. This study is a research into perfume and cosmetics print advertisements translated from English into Russian where both visual and verbal elements are considered. Three broad translation approaches have been identified in what concerns the verbal message: Translated message, parallel translation, recreated adverts, and three approaches in dealing with the image: similar images, modified images, completely different images. The thesis shows that where Russian advertisements for perfume products tend to have a message, or create one, this is often lacking in the English copy. The article ends by suggesting that perfume advertisements favor the standardization approach when entering Russian market. The attempts to localize the advert have also been noticed although they are obviously less numerous in perfume adverts and are rather instances of adaptation - a mix between the localization and standardization approaches since they keep drawing on the same globally accepted universals about female beauty and concern for ‘woman’s identity’ (we focused our analysis on products designed for female consumers). This study, complementing previous studies, aims to be a contribution to the description of laws and strategies that guide the translation of advertising texts into Russian.

Corpora e universali della traduzione in ambito sociologico: il caso degli anglicismi nella rivista “Lavoro Sociale”

Contacts between languages have always led to mutual influence. Today, the position of authority of the English language affects Italian in many ways, especially in the scientific and technical fields. When new studies conceived in the English-speaking world reach the Italian public, we are faced not only with the translation of texts, but most importantly the rendition of theoretical constructs that do not always have a suitable rendering in the target language. That is why we often find anglicisms in Italian texts. This work aims to show their frequency in a specific field, underlying how and when they are used, and sometimes preferred to the Italian corresponding word. This dissertation looks at a sample of essays from the specialised magazine “Lavoro Sociale”, published by Edizioni Centro Studi Erickson, searching for borrowings from English and discussing their use in order to make hypotheses on the reasons of this phenomenon, against the wider background of translation studies and translation universals research. What I am more interested in is the understanding of the similarities and differences in the use of anglicisms by authors of Italian texts and translators from English into Italian, so that I can figure out what the main dynamics and tendencies are. The whole paper is has four parts. Chapter 1 briefly explains the theoretical background on translation studies, and introduces and discusses the notion of translation universals. After that, the research methodology and theoretical background on linguistic borrowings (especially anglicisms) in Italian are summarized. Chapter 2 presents the study, explaining the organisation of the material, the methodology used and the object of interest. Chapter 3 is the core of the dissertation because it contains the qualitative and quantitative data taken from the texts and the examination of the dynamics of the use of anglicisms. Finally, Chapter 4 compares the conclusions drawn from the previous chapter with the opinions of authors, translators and proof-readers, whom I asked to answer a questionnaire written specifically to investigate the mechanisms and choices behind their use of anglicisms.

Creative Commons Olympics. How Big Media is Learning to License From Amateur Authors

NBC Universal’s decision to use Creative Commons-licensed photographs in an Olympic broadcast is an example of how media conglomerates are experimenting with collaboration with amateurs, but it also reveals potential problems of letting non-lawyers negotiate copyright licensing agreements. In the process, NBC’s producers nearly opened the door for a multimillion-dollar infringement law suit. To avoid such pitfalls, media companies need to adopt policies and best practices for using amateur licensed works. These guidelines should instruct how a production can attribute collaborating authors and how the Open Content licensing terms affect the licensing of the productions. The guidelines should also instruct how producers can seek alternative licensing arrangements with amateurs and contribute back to the Open Content community.

Evaluative Morphology in Georgian

With examples drawn from over 200 world languages, this ground-breaking volume presents a state-of-the-art overview of evaluative morphology. Offering an innovative approach to major theoretical questions, the Edinburgh Handbook analyses the field from a cross-linguistic perspective, considering semantic, pragmatic and sociolinguistic aspects, as well as word-formation processes and evaluative morphology acquisition. Complementing the synchronic approach with a diachronic perspective, this study establishes a picture of intriguing diversity in evaluative morphology manifestations, and offers a comprehensive analysis of the situation in dozens of languages and language families. Divided into 2 distinct parts, the handbook begins with 13 chapters discussing evaluative morphology in relation to areas such as pragmatics, semantics, linguistic universals and sociolinguistics. The second part is comprised of descriptive chapters, broken into the following subsets: Eurasia, South- East Asia and Oceania, Australia-New Guinea, Africa, North America and South America.

A multifactorial analysis of explicitation in translation

The search for translation universals has been an important topic in translation studies over the past decades. In this paper, we focus on the notion of explicitation through a multifaceted study of causal connectives, integrating four different variables: the role of the source and the target languages, the influence of specific connectives and the role of the discourse relation they convey. Our results indicate that while source and target languages do not globally influence explicitation, specific connectives have a significant impact on this phenomenon. We also show that in English and French, the most frequently used connectives for explicitation share a similar semantic profile. Finally, we demonstrate that explicitation also varies across different discourse relations, even when they are conveyed by a single connective.

El resultado del conocimiento universal en el segundo comentario de Boecio a la Isagogé de Porfirio

El autor trata tres temas presentes en el segundo comentario de Boecio a la Isagogé de Porfirio. El primero muestra que cuando Boecio argumenta contra el universal ontológico de Porfirio, lo hace en términos cuantitativos; por ello la argumentación de Boecio contra el realismo porfiriano es diferente, por ej., de la argumentación que utiliza Abelardo en su Logica Ingredientibus. Mientras para Boecio lo que es uno no puede ser simultáneamente múltiple a causa de una imposibilidad cuantitativa, para Abelardo la misma imposibilidad resulta de una reducción al absurdo, pues la misma res universalis no puede ser racional en un sujeto e irracional en otro. El segundo tema es la distinción boeciana entre modo de ser y modo de ser conocido del universal. El tercer tema es la posibilidad de aferrar el universal boeciano a través de una fórmula apta para tipificar ese universal que, según Boecio, sería deficiente si fuera solo gnoseológico o solo ontológico; esa fórmula debe poder dar cuentas, simultáneamente, de ambas dimensiones del universal, es decir, la dimensión real-ontológica y la intelectual-gnoseológica.

El problema del status ontológico del universal en Aristóteles

Este trabajo tiene por objeto plantear el problema de la referencia objetiva de los universales en Aristóteles. En primer lugar, analizaré su posición más temprana en el libro I del tratado Sobre las Ideas, donde parece admitir la existencia de "cosas comunes" (koiná) (I). Luego reconstruiré la interpretación porfiriana del universal aristotélico, tal como aparece en su Comentario a las Categorías, como una propiedad idénticamente compartida por una multiplicidad de particulares (II). Por último, atenderé a los argumentos que Aristóteles despliega en Metafísica Z, 13-14 contra la sustancialidad del universal (III). Sostendré que las aporías que Aristóteles encuentra en el platonismo lo conducen más y más a afirmar que no hay nada en la realidad a lo que haga referencia el término universal, con las consecuencias nefastas que esta posición acarrea para su concepción de la ciencia como conocimiento universal y verdadero.

El argumento de 'Lo Uno sobre lo múltiple' en el Tratado sobre las Ideas de Aristóteles

En este trabajo procuramos ofrecer, en primer lugar, un análisis del argumento de lo uno sobre lo múltiple presente en el tratado Sobre las Ideas de Aristóteles, con el fin de determinar las diferencias entre la Idea platónica y el universal aristotélico. En segundo lugar, nos preguntamos acerca de la validez de la reconstrucción aristotélica de los argumentos platónicos y sostenemos que hay indicios en los diálogos que nos permiten concluir que Aristóteles no traiciona el pensamiento de Platón. Por último, subrayamos que el examen crítico al que somete los argumentos es relevante, no sólo para establecer la distinción entre la Idea platónica y el universal aristotélico, sino también para establecer los aspectos de su propio pensamiento que permanecen deudores de las doctrinas platónicas

El problema del status ontológico del universal en Aristóteles

Este trabajo tiene por objeto plantear el problema de la referencia objetiva de los universales en Aristóteles. En primer lugar, analizaré su posición más temprana en el libro I del tratado Sobre las Ideas, donde parece admitir la existencia de "cosas comunes" (koiná) (I). Luego reconstruiré la interpretación porfiriana del universal aristotélico, tal como aparece en su Comentario a las Categorías, como una propiedad idénticamente compartida por una multiplicidad de particulares (II). Por último, atenderé a los argumentos que Aristóteles despliega en Metafísica Z, 13-14 contra la sustancialidad del universal (III). Sostendré que las aporías que Aristóteles encuentra en el platonismo lo conducen más y más a afirmar que no hay nada en la realidad a lo que haga referencia el término universal, con las consecuencias nefastas que esta posición acarrea para su concepción de la ciencia como conocimiento universal y verdadero.