A new comparator account of auditory verbal hallucinations: how motor prediction can plausibly contribute to the sense of agency for inner speech

The comparator account holds that processes of motor prediction contribute to the sense of agency by attenuating incoming sensory information and that disruptions to this process contribute to misattributions of agency in schizophrenia. Over the last 25 years this simple and powerful model has gained widespread support not only as it relates to bodily actions but also as an account of misattributions of agency for inner speech, potentially explaining the etiology of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH). In this paper we provide a detailed analysis of the traditional comparator account for inner speech, pointing out serious problems with the specification of inner speech on which it is based and highlighting inconsistencies in the interpretation of the electrophysiological evidence commonly cited in its favor. In light of these analyses we propose a new comparator account of misattributed inner speech. The new account follows leading models of motor imagery in proposing that inner speech is not attenuated by motor prediction, but rather derived directly from it. We describe how failures of motor prediction would therefore directly affect the phenomenology of inner speech and trigger a mismatch in the comparison between motor prediction and motor intention, contributing to abnormal feelings of agency. We argue that the new account fits with the emerging phenomenological evidence that AVHs are both distinct from ordinary inner speech and heterogeneous. Finally, we explore the possibility that the new comparator account may extend to explain disruptions across a range of imagistic modalities, and outline avenues for future research.

Mixed Messages: American Correspondences in Visual and Verbal Practices

Mixed Messages presents and interrogates ten distinct moments from the arts of nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first century America where visual and verbal forms blend and clash. Charting correspondences concerned with the expression and meaning of human experience, this volume moves beyond standard interdisciplinary theoretical approaches to consider the written and visual artwork in embodied, cognitive, and contextual terms.

Offering a genuinely interdisciplinary contribution to the intersecting fields of art history, avant-garde studies, word-image relations, and literary studies, Mixed Messages takes in architecture, notebooks, poetry, painting, conceptual art, contemporary art, comic books, photographs and installations, ending with a speculative conclusion on the role of the body in the experience of digital mixed media. Each of the ten case studies explores the juxtaposition of visual and verbal forms in a manner that moves away from treating verbal and visual symbols as operating in binary or oppositional systems, and towards a consideration of mixed media, multi-media and intermedia work as brought together in acts of creation, exhibition, reading, viewing, and immersion. The collection advances research into embodiment theory, affect, pragmatist aesthetics, as well as into the continuing legacy of romanticism and of dada, conceptual art and surrealism in an American context.

Processos de interacção verbal em aula de francês língua estrangeira

Resumo indisponível

Contributos da comunicação não-verbal na integração social, cultural e educativa de imigrantes numa perspectiva de multiculturalidade: um estudo de caso

Dissertação mest., Ciências da Educação, Universidade do Algarve, 2009

O diálogo entre o livro e a criança. Objeto interativo de leitura verbal e visual, exploração e manipulação gráfica e plástica

O uso da imagem, no livro ilustrado, está associado às idades em que a criança ainda não tem domínio da escrita sendo a descodificação e a exploração das imagens as primeiras competências a serem adquiridas. À medida que a criança se familiariza com a leitura verbal e com o desenvolvimento desta competência, a imagem é gradualmente retirada do livro. No âmbito do projeto prático integrado no Mestrado em Ilustração e Animação foi criado um livro para a infância com atividades onde o leitor intervenha tornando-se também autor, concluindo-o e produzindo um objeto único. Propusemo-nos, ainda, apresentar o livro ilustrado e as atividades/ experiências visuais como instrumentos que ajudam a criança a crescer sem frustrações, onde descobrem e desenvolvem capacidades estéticas, emocionais e intelectuais. Dentro do livro ilustrado pretendemos estudar os livros interativos que exploram as duas linguagens, criando uma narrativa plástica e que permitem explorar a tridimensionalidade e o brincar ao faz de conta. Estes são produtos de experiências visuais e tácteis, repletos de estímulos para que a criança seja capaz de explorar e comunicar verbalmente e visualmente, articulando muitas vezes entre o bidimensional com o tridimensional, a regra com o acaso e a forma com a “não forma”, permitindo uma apreciação máxima do objeto.

O valor da interacção verbal

Neste artigo procuramos reflectir sobre a dimensão dos elementos para- -linguísticos e extra-linguísticos na actividade conversacional e no papel que detêm na gestão deste espaço interlocutivo.

Visual and verbal processing effects on human memory

In this study in the field of Consumer Behavior, brand name memory of consumers with regard to verbal and visual incongruent and congruent information such as memory structure of brands was tested. Hence, four experimental groups with different constellations of verbal and visual congruity and incongruity were created to compare their brand name memory performance. The experiment was conducted in several classes with 128 students, each group with 32 participants. It was found that brands, which are presented in a congruent or moderately incongruent relation to their brand schema, result in a better brand recall than their incongruent counterparts. A difference between visual congruity and moderately incongruity could not be confirmed. In contrast to visual incongruent information, verbal incongruent information does not result in a worse brand recall performance.

Effect of levodopa on both verbal and motor representations of action in Parkinson's disease: a fMRI study.

Previous studies have demonstrated that non-demented Parkinson's disease (PD) patients have a specific impairment of verb production compared with noun generation. One interpretation of this deficit suggested the influence of striato-frontal dysfunction on action-related verb processing. The aim of our study was to investigate cerebral changes after motor improvement due to dopaminergic medication on the neural circuitry supporting action representation in the brain as mediated by verb generation and motor imagery in PD patients. Functional magnetic resonance imaging on 8 PD patients in "ON" dopaminergic treatment state (DTS) and in "OFF" DTS was used to explore the brain activity during three different tasks: Object Naming (ObjN), Generation of Action Verbs (GenA) in which patients were asked to overtly say an action associated with a picture and mental simulation of action (MSoA) was investigated by asking subjects to mentally simulate an action related to a depicted object. The distribution of brain activities associated with these tasks whatever DTS was very similar to results of previous studies. The results showed that brain activity related to semantics of action is modified by dopaminergic treatment in PD patients. This cerebral reorganisation concerns mainly motor and premotor cortex suggesting an involvement of the putaminal motor loop according to the "motor" theory of verb processing.

Verbal emotional memory in a case with left amygdala damage.

The amygdala nuclei appear to be critically implicated in emotional memory. However, in most studies, encoding and consolidation processes cannot be analyzed separately. We thus studied the verbal emotional memory in a young woman with a ganglioglioma of the left amygdala and analyzed its impact (1) on each step of the memory process (encoding, retrieval, and recognition) (2) on short- and long-term consolidation (1-hour and 1-week delay) and (3) on processing of valence (positive and negative items compared to neutral words). Results showed emotional encoding impairments and, after encoding was controlled for, emotional long-term consolidation. Finally, although the negative words were not acknowledged as emotionally arousing by the patient, these words were specifically poorly encoded, recalled, and consolidated. Our data suggest that separate cerebral networks support the processing of emotional versus neutral stimuli.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1916-1917.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1878-1879.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1865-1866.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1885-1886.

Rapport et procès-verbal de la Commission de vérification des comptes des ministres...

1848-1849.