475 resultados para Thérapie localisée


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Mode of access: Internet.

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Mode of access: Internet.

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Univariate linkage analysis is used routinely to localise genes for human complex traits. Often, many traits are analysed but the significance of linkage for each trait is not corrected for multiple trait testing, which increases the experiment-wise type-I error rate. In addition, univariate analyses do not realise the full power provided by multivariate data sets. Multivariate linkage is the ideal solution but it is computationally intensive, so genome-wide analysis and evaluation of empirical significance are often prohibitive. We describe two simple methods that efficiently alleviate these caveats by combining P-values from multiple univariate linkage analyses. The first method estimates empirical pointwise and genome-wide significance between one trait and one marker when multiple traits have been tested. It is as robust as an appropriate Bonferroni adjustment, with the advantage that no assumptions are required about the number of independent tests performed. The second method estimates the significance of linkage between multiple traits and one marker and, therefore, it can be used to localise regions that harbour pleiotropic quantitative trait loci (QTL). We show that this method has greater power than individual univariate analyses to detect a pleiotropic QTL across different situations. In addition, when traits are moderately correlated and the QTL influences all traits, it can outperform formal multivariate VC analysis. This approach is computationally feasible for any number of traits and was not affected by the residual correlation between traits. We illustrate the utility of our approach with a genome scan of three asthma traits measured in families with a twin proband.

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Essai doctoral présenté à la Faculté des Arts et des Sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de doctorat en psychologie clinique (D.psy.)

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Essai doctoral présenté à la Faculté des Arts et des Sciences en vue de l'obtention du grade de doctorat en psychologie clinique (D.psy.)

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

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The mammalian binaural cue of interaural time difference (ITD) and cross-correlation have long been used to determine the point of origin of a sound source. The ITD can be defined as the different points in time at which a sound from a single location arrives at each individual ear [1]. From this time difference, the brain can calculate the angle of the sound source in relation to the head [2]. Cross-correlation compares the similarity of each channel of a binaural waveform producing the time lag or offset required for both channels to be in phase with one another. This offset corresponds to the maximum value produced by the cross-correlation function and can be used to determine the ITD and thus the azimuthal angle θ of the original sound source. However, in indoor environments, cross-correlation has been known to have problems with both sound reflections and reverberations. Additionally, cross-correlation has difficulties with localising short-term complex noises when they occur during a longer duration waveform, i.e. in the presence of background noise. The crosscorrelation algorithm processes the entire waveform and the short-term complex noise can be ignored. This paper presents a technique using thresholding which enables higher-localisation abilities for short-term complex sounds in the midst of background noise. To determine the success of this thresholding technique, twenty-five sounds were recorded in a dynamic and echoic environment. The twenty-five sounds consist of hand-claps, finger-clicks and speech. The proposed technique was compared to the regular cross-correlation function for the same waveforms, and an average of the azimuthal angles determined for each individual sample. The sound localisation ability for all twenty-five sound samples is as follows: average of the sampled angles using cross-correlation: 44%; cross-correlation technique with thresholding: 84%. From these results, it is clear that this proposed technique is very successful for the localisation of short-term complex sounds in the midst of background noise and in a dynamic and echoic indoor environment.

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L’anorexie mentale et l’anorexie mentale atypique sont des problématiques de santé mentale qui affectent une portion non négligeable de la population. Toutefois, encore très peu d’études ont permis de démontrer l’efficacité des traitements pour ces troubles. L’évolution des connaissances dans les modèles explicatifs de l’anorexie oriente vers des processus psychologiques à cibler dans le traitement différents de ceux des thérapies conventionnelles. La présente étude vise à évaluer l’efficacité de la thérapie d’acceptation et d’engagement (ACT) sous forme d’un manuel d’auto-traitement appliqué à une population souffrant d’anorexie mentale ou d’anorexie mentale atypique. Un protocole expérimental à cas unique à niveaux de base multiples a été utilisé. Quatre femmes francophones présentant un de ces deux diagnostics ont reçu le traitement sur une durée de 13 semaines. Les résultats démontrent que les niveaux quotidiens d’actions pour maîtriser le poids et de préoccupations par rapport au poids et à la nourriture ont diminué suite au traitement. Le traitement a aussi permis aux participantes de passer d’un diagnostic de sévérité clinique à un en rémission partielle. La sévérité des symptômes de trouble alimentaire a aussi diminué suite au traitement et la flexibilité de l’image corporelle des participantes a augmenté, et ce de manières cliniquement significatives. Des processus propres à l’intervention ACT sont avancés pour rendre compte des effets observés.