A V-shaped module technique for promoting generation photocurrent density of silicon solar cells

A V-shaped solar cell module consists of two tilted mono-crystalline cells [J. Li, China Patent No. 200410007708.6 (March, 2004)]. The angle included between the two tilted cells is 90 degrees. The two cells were fabricated by using polished silicon wafers. The scheme of both-side polished wafers has been proposed to reduce optical loss. Compared to solar cells in a planar way, the V-shaped structure enhances external quantum efficiency and leads to an increase of 15% in generation photocurrent density. The following three kinds of trapped photons are suggested to contribute to the increase: (1) infrared photons converted from visible photons due to a transformation mechanism, (2) photons reflected from top contact metal, and (3) a residual reflection which can not be eliminated by an antireflection coating.

VCSEL-based parallel optical transmission module

This paper describes the design process and performance of the optimized parallel optical transmission module. Based on 1x12 VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) array, we designed and fabricated the high speed parallel optical modules. Our parallel optical module contains a 1x12 VCSEL array, a 12 channel CMOS laser driver circuit, a high speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board), a MT fiber connector and a packaging housing. The L-I-V characteristics of the 850nm VCSEL was measured at the operating current 8mA, 3dB frequency bandwidth more than 3GHz and the optical output 1mW. The transmission rate of all 12 channels is 30Gbit/s, with a single channel 2.5Gbit/s. By adopting the integration of the 1x12 VCSEL array and the driver array, we make a high speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to provide the optoelectronic chip with the operating voltage and high speed signals current. The LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signals) was set as the input signal to achieve better high frequency performance. The active coupling was adopted with a MT connector (8 degrees slant fiber array). We used the Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) packaging. With the edge connector, the module could be inserted into the system dispense with bonding process.

基于路径共同顺序的TSP遗传算法

遗传算法是一种解决TSP问题的有效算法。文章提出了一种基于路径共同顺序的新型遗传操作方法,即首先寻找父辈的共有路径信息,然后构建后代,该方法缩小了搜索优解的范围,加快了优化过程的收敛速度。在此基础上针对TSP实例,实现了基于共同顺序的优化方法来解决小规模TSP问题,以及更有效的基于共同顺序的循环优化方法来解决大规模TSP问题。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。

808-nm fiber coupled module with a CW output power up to 130 W

A fiber coupled module is fabricated with integrating the emitting light from four laser diode bars into multimode fiber bundle. The continuous wave (CW) output power of the module is about 130 W with a coupling efficiency of around 80%. The output power is very stable after the temperature cycling and vibration test. No apparent power decrease has been observed as the device working continuously for 500 h.

A High Power Light Emitting Diode Module for Projection Display Application

Electron. Manuf. Packag. Technol. Soc. Chin. Inst. Electron.; IEEE Compon., Packag., Manuf. Technol. Soc. (IEEE-CPMT); Xidian University

秸秆露天焚烧排放的tsp等污染物清单

IEECAS SKLLQG

求解TSP问题的贪心遗传算法

提出贪心遗传算法。通过构建“基因库”形成好的“基因片断”,从而生成高性能的初始种群;依据贪心选择的原则指导遗传操作,实施贪心交叉操作和贪心变异操作;移民操作向种群引进新的遗传物质,克服了封闭竞争缺点,并且可以避免早熟收敛。贪心遗传算法可以大大加快搜索的速度,仿真结果表明算法是十分有效和实用的。

贵阳市大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的化学特征及其影响因素研究

气溶胶对气候和人类的健康都有重要影响。因此，研究大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）的化学组成和物理特性对更深入地了解气溶胶对气候和人类健康的影响具有重要意义。贵阳是中国受燃煤污染比较严重的城市之一，大气中高含量的SO2是其最明显的特征。尽管最近几年空气质量有所改善，但是该区的大气污染问题还比较严重，空气质量仍然不容乐观。我们于2005年1月1日到2005年12月31日在中科院地球化学研究所内全年采集总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）样品，分析测试了其主要无机离子（F-、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+）的化学性质，并结合当地的气象参数（温度，风速，降雨量和相对湿度）系统地研究了TSP及其水溶性无机离子的季节变化特征。本论文的主要结论有： 1. TSP的浓度变化范围为36.91～313.44µg/m3，年均值106.60µg/m3；各离子摩尔浓度的大小顺序为：SO42-> NH4+> Ca2+ > NO3-> K+ > Na+ > Cl- > Mg2+ > F-；SO42- (23.04±12.16µg/m3)和NH4+(3.05±2.23µg/m3)是最主要的离子，分别占总离子摩尔数的37％和30％。TSP及其组分都有明显的季节变化，TSP、Cl-、SO42-、NO3-、NH4+、K+、Na+、Ca2+和Mg2+浓度的冬/夏比值分别为:1.29、5.23、1.35、2.37、1.73、1.22、1.84、1.23和1.02。 2. 温度对TSP及其水溶性无机组分的影响呈现一定的季节变化模式，冬天随温度的升高TSP及其水溶无机组分的浓度也升高，夏天随温度的升高TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度降低。但是从全年来看，温度与TSP及其水溶性无机组分之间有弱的负相关性，即随温度的升高，TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度有不同程度的下降。相对湿度与TSP及其水溶性无机组分之间存在明显的负相关关系，即随大气相对湿度的增加，TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度下降。在相对湿度与TSP及其水溶性无机组分浓度的日变化图中表现为相对湿度的波谷与TSP及其水溶无机组分的浓度的波峰相对应。风速与TSP及其水溶无机组分的浓度之间呈现弱的负相关性。在贵阳，风速对TSP及其水溶无机组分的影响主要表现为扩散作用和稀释作用，由风速导致的尘土再悬浮作用并不明显。雨量对TSP及其水溶性无机组分的影响主要是湿清除作用，具体表现为无雨天TSP及其水溶性无机组分的浓度较雨天高。影响TSP、Ca2+、Mg2+和F-的主要气象参数是相对湿度(RH)和风速，影响SO42-、NO3-、NH4+和Cl-的主要气象参数是温度。 3. 贵阳大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）总体偏酸性，TSP水溶液pH值的年均值为6.27±0.41，与总阴离子与总阳离子的当量比Q的年平均值为0.82一致；TSP中高含量的SO42-是贵阳的TSP显酸性的主要原因。 4. NH4+与SO42-和NO3-的相关系数（R）分别为0.85和0.65，NH4+与SO42-的摩尔比值为0.8，说明贵阳TSP中的NH4+主要以(NH4)2SO4的形式存在。Ca2+和Mg2+有较好的相关性（R=0.72）和相似的变化特征，说明二者可能有共同的来源。 5. 2005年贵阳TSP中SO42-/ Ca2+的平均值为13.64，几乎是干净大陆SO42-/ Ca2+的本底值的20倍，说明贵阳的大气污染主要是人为因素所致。NO3-/SO42-的平均值为0.15，说明固定源对贵阳气溶胶的贡献比移动源（通常指交通工具所排放的尾气）对气溶胶的贡献大；

A module-based approach to foster and document the intercultural process before and during the residence abroad.

This article contributes to the debate on what form of preparation and support can enhance the intercultural student experience during the Year Abroad. It presents a credit-bearing and multi-modal module at a UK university designed to both prepare students prior to departure through a series of workshops and activities on an e-portfolio and help them engage in meta-reflection on intercultural issues during their stay. The presentation of the curricular components of the course and instances extracted from student blogs are contextualised within theoretical considerations on intercultural education and a holistic approach to student development. The longitudinal evolution of the module is presented in the context of an iterative approach leading to a cycle of revisions and amendments. With its pragmatic stance this article aims to address one of the concerns recently expressed about intercultural education, namely that although intercultural theories are suitably incorporated in the latest thinking on communicative competence, there is a lack of evidence-based practice.