Unemployment and private returns to higher education in Argentina (1974-2002)

Resumen: El trabajo analiza la evolución de los retornos privados a la educación superior en Argentina durante el período 1974–2002 y cómo éstos se vieron afectados por el desempleo. La conclusión es que los retornos a la educación son mayores si se los corrige teniendo en cuenta el desempleo para cada nivel educativo, ya que a mayor nivel, menor tasa de desempleo. Al evaluar invertir en educación no se debería considerar simplemente el diferencial de ingresos sino también la mayor probabilidad de tener un trabajo. Esto es relevante en un país como Argentina que pasó de tener tasas de desempleo cercanas a 5% en la década del ochenta a tener tasas de dos dígitos a fines del siglo XX y comienzos del XXI.

A study of the benefits of retrofitting cardiovascular exercise equipment of a gym with human energy harvesting technology

Gemstone Team HEAT (Human Energy Acquisition Technology)

Unemployment insurance in the presence of an informal sector

We study the effect of UI benefits in a typical developing country where the informal sector is sizeable and persistent. In a partial equilibrium environment, ruling out the macroeconomic consequences of UI benefits, we characterize the stationary equilibrium of an economy where policyholders may be employed in the formal sector, short-run unemployed receiving UI benefits or long-run unemployed without UI benefits. We perform comparative static exercises to understand how UI benefits affect unemployed worker´s effort to secure a formal job, their labor supply in the informal sector and leisure time. Our model reveals that an increase in UI benefits generates two opposing effects for the short-run unemployed. First, since search efforts cannot be monitored it generates moral hazard behaviours that lower effort. Second, it generates an income effect as it reduces the marginal cost of searching for a formal job and increases effort.The overall effect is ambiguous and depends on the relative strength of these two effects. Additionally, we show that an increase in UI benefits increases the efforts of long-run unemployed workers. We provide a simple simulation exercise which suggests that the income effect pointed out is not necessarily of second-order importance in comparison with moral hazard strength. This result softens the widespread opinion, usually based on the microeconomic/partial equilibrium argument that the presence of dual labor markets is an obstacle to providing UI in developing countries.

Supplemental cardioplegia immediately before graft implantation may improve early post-transplantation outcome

Gebiet: Chirurgie Abstract: Background: Preservation of cardiac grafts for transplantation is not standardized and most centers use a single administration of crystalloid solution at the time of harvesting. We investigated possible benefits of an additional dose of cardioplegia dispensed immediately before implantation. – – Methods: Consecutive adult cardiac transplantations (2005?2012) were reviewed. Hearts were harvested following a standard protocol (Celsior 2L, 4?8°C). In 2008, 100 ml crys-talloid cardioplegic solution was added and administered immediately before implanta-tion. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were used to investigate risk factors for post-operative graft failure and mid-term outcome. – – Results: A total of 81 patients, 44 standard (?Cardio???) vs. 37 with additional cardiople-gia (?CardioC?) were analyzed. Recipients and donors were comparable in both groups. CardioC patients demonstrated a reduced need for defibrillation (24 vs. 48%, p D0.03), post-operative ratio of CK-MB/CK (10.1_3.9 vs. 13.3_4.2%, p D0.001), intubation time (2.0_1.6 vs. 7.2_11.5 days, p D0.05), and ICU stay (3.9_2.1 vs. 8.5_7.8 days, p D0.001). Actuarial survival was reduced when graft ischemic time was >180 min in Cardio?? but not in CardioC patients (p D0.033). Organ ischemic time >180 min (OR: 5.48, CI: 1.08?27.75), donor female gender (OR: 5.84, CI: 1.13?33.01), and recipient/donor age >60 (OR: 6.33, CI: 0.86?46.75), but not the additional cardioplegia or the observation period appeared independent predictors of post-operative acute graft failure. – – Conclusion: An additional dose of cardioplegia administered immediately before implan-tation may be a simple way to improve early and late outcome of cardiac transplantation, especially in situations of prolonged graft ischemia.A large, ideally multicentric, randomized study is desirable to verify this preliminary observation.

Measuring Unemployment Insurance Generosity

In this paper, we develop a methodology to summarize the various policy parameters of an unemployment insurance scheme into a single generosity parameter. Unemployment insurance policies are multdimensional objects. They are typically defined by waiting periods, eligibility duration, benefit levels and asset tests when eligible, which makes intertemporal or international comparisons difficult. To make things worse, labor market conditions, such as the likelihood and duration of unemployment matter when assessing the generosity of different policies. We build a first model with such complex characteristics. Our model features heterogeneous agents that are liquidity constrained but can self-insure. We then build a second model that is similar, except that the unemployment insurance is simpler: it is deprived of waiting periods and agents are eligible forever with constant benefits. We then determine which level of benefits in this second model makes agents indifferent between both unemployment insurance policies. We apply this strategy to the unemployment insurance program of the United Kingdom and study how its generosity evolved over time.

Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program: A policy analysis of restricting foods with minimal nutritional value

In 2011, expenditures for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) reached an all-time high of $72 billion. The goal of SNAP is " to alleviate hunger and malnutrition…by increasing food purchasing power for all eligible households who apply for participation." It has been well established that proper nutrition is essential to good health, making SNAP an important program to public health consumers. Thus, this analysis examined whether SNAP is meeting its stated goal and whether the goal would be reduced if the purchase of foods of minimal nutritional value (FMNV) were restricted. ^ A review of existing literature found that SNAP has been shown to alleviate hunger, but the studies on the nutritional impact of the program were not sufficient to assert whether change is needed. When considering whether limiting FMNV would reduce or improve the effectiveness of SNAP at alleviating hunger and malnutrition, there is very little information on which to base a policy change, particular one that singles out a low income group to restrict purchases. ^ Several states have attempted to restrict the purchase of FMNV but, to date, no such change has been implemented or tested. Conducting pilot studies on the restriction of FMNV, along with better data collection on SNAP purchases, would guide policy changes to the program. Although there are many potential public health benefits to restricting FMNV purchase using SNAP dollars, research is needed to quantify the cost impact of these benefits.^

An Unemployment Insurance Scheme for the Euro Area: A simulation exercise of two options. CEPS Special Report No. 98/December 2014

This study offers an in-depth economic analysis of the two main proposals for the creation of a European unemployment insurance scheme. One proposes the creation of a harmonised European unemployment benefit scheme that would apply automatically to every eligible unemployed person. The alternative, termed ‘reinsurance’ here, would transfer funds to national unemployment insurance schemes to finance benefits from the centre to the periphery when unemployment is measurably higher than normal. The rationale behind these proposals is to set up an EU-level shock absorber to overcome coordination failures and the crisis-budget constraints of individual countries. The authors consider the possible trade-offs and challenges of, for example, the definition of the trigger, the fiscal rule and the harmonisation of national benefits. They conclude that while both options are viable, ‘reinsurance’ offers a stronger stabilisation effect for the same amount of European distribution.

Productivity and job security : attrition--benefits and problems.

Bibliography: p. 111-116.

An evaluation of the federal supplemental compensation program /

Prepared by Mathematica Policy Research.

Benefits, incomes and expenditures of unemployed workers; experience of a group of employment insurance beneficiaries in Albany, Schenectady, Troy, Spring, 1957. Report of a survey.

Survey conducted in cooperation with the N. Y. State Interdepartmental Committee on Low Incomes and the U. S. Bureau of Employment Security.

Labor supply and social welfare benefits in the United States /

August 1978.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, April 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, May 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Unemployment Rates For Iowa Counties, June 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County, June 2016

Iowa Unemployment Rates by County map produced by the Iowa Workforce Development.