The Relationship Between University Culture and Climate and Research Scientists’ Spin-off Intentions

Over the past decades, universities have increasingly become involved in entrepreneurial activities. Despite efforts to embrace their 'third mission', universities still demonstrate great heterogeneity in terms of their involvement in academic entrepreneurship. This chapter adopts an institutional perspective to understand how organizational characteristics affect research scientists' entrepreneurial intentions. We study the impact of university culture and climate on entrepreneurial intentions, thereby specifically focusing on intentions to spin off a company. Using a sample of 437 research scientists from Swedish and German universities, our results reveal that the extent to which universities articulate entrepreneurship as a fundamental element of their mission fosters research scientists' spin-off intentions. Furthermore, the presence of university role models positively affects research scientists' propensity to engage in entrepreneurial activities, both directly and indirectly through entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Finally, research scientists working at universities which explicitly reward people for 'third mission' related output show higher levels of spin-off intentions. This study has implications for both academics and practitioners, including university managers and policy makers.

Coherence transfer via longitudinal spin order generalized pulse pair filtering for pure phase two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy

A generalized pulse pair has been suggested in which the longitudinal spin order is retained and the transverse components cancelled by random variation of the interval between pulses, in successive applications of the two-dimensional NMR algorithm. This method leads to pure phases and has been exploited to provide a simpler scheme for two-spin filtering and for pure phase spectroscopy in multiple-quantum-filtered two-dimensional NMR experiments.

A Magnetic Susceptibility Study of Spin-state Transitions in Rare-earth TrioxocobaItates( III)

Rare-earth trioxocobaltates(lll), Ln[CoO,], with Ln = Pr, Nd, Tb, Dy. and Yb exhibit low-spin to high-spin transitions of cobalt characterised by a maximum in the Ax-l against temperature plots where Ax is the cobalt contribution to the magnetic susceptibility. The susceptibility behaviour is distinct from that of La[CoO,] which shows a plateau in the x-I-T curve accompanied by a structural transition. The temperature at which the AX- I-T curve shows a maximum increases with the decrease in the size of the rare-earth ion. The susceptibility behavior of solid solutions of La,,Nd,CoO, has been investigated to see how the behaviour characteristic of Nd[CoO,] changes to that of La[CoO,].

Proline ring conformations corresponding to a bistable jump model from 13C spin-lattice relaxation times

A formalism for extracting the conformations of a proline ring based on the bistable jump model of R. E. London [(1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100, 2678-2685] from 13C spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) is given. The method is such that the relaxation data are only partially used to generate the conformations; these conformations are constrained to satisfy the rest of the relaxation data and to yield acceptable ring geometry. An alternate equation for T1 of 13C nuclei to that of London is given. The formalism is illustrated through an example.

Phase separation versus spin glass behavior in La0.85Sr0.15CoO3

We present comprehensive studies of dc magnetization, ac susceptibility, and magnetotransport of two sets of La0.85Sr0.15CoO3 samples, one exhibits phase separation and the other exhibits spin glass behavior. Our study reveals that the phase separation in La0.85Sr0.15CoO3 is neither inherent nor ubiquitous; rather, it is a consequence of preparation condition. It is realized that the low temperature annealed sample exhibits phase separation while the high temperature annealed one shows the characteristic of spin glass behavior. This study shows that the most probable magnetic state of La0.85Sr0.15CoO3 is spin glass.

7Li Spin-flip satellites in the EPR sectra of NH3+ -doped LiKSO4

EPR spectra of lithium potassium sulfate doped with NH3+ have been recorded at 9.05 GHz. A pair of satellites can be seen symmetrically situated on either side of the main lines. The separation of the satellite lines from the main line corresponds to the 7Li NMR frequency. The distance of the interacting 7Li nucleus from the unpaired electron in NH3+ is estimated to be 3.29 Å.

The hole spin model for oxides

A model of mobile 0-holes hybrized with Cu-spins on a square lattice is examined. A variational groundstate wavefunction which interpolates smoothly between n.n. RVB and Néel limits gives a Néellike minimum. A hole in an AF lattice polarizes it locally and becomes quite mobile. Two n.n. holes attract. Finally we speculate how holes can stabilize a spin liquid state.

Proton Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Sodium Ammonium Selenate Dihydrate:NaNHaSeOa.2He0

Proton spin-lattice relaxation studies in sodium ammonium selenate dihydrate carried out in the temperature range 130 to 300 K at 10 MHz show a continuous change in T, at T, indicating a second order phase transition. This compound is a typical case of a highly hindered solid wherein the thermally activated reorientations of ammonium ions freeze well above 77 K, as seen by NMR.Untersuchimgen der Protonen-Spin-Gitter-Relaxation in Natriuni-Ammoniumselenat-Dihydrat bei 10 MHz im Temperaturbereich 130 bis 300 K zeigen eine kontinuierliche Andernng in TI bei T, und ergeben einen Phasenubergang zweiter Art. Diese Verbindung ist ein typischer Fall eines stark ,,behinderten" Festkarpers, in dein die thermisch aktivierten Reorientierungen der Ammoniumionen weit oberhalb 77 H einfrieren, wie die NMR-Ergebnisse zeigen.

Observation of reentrant spin glass behavior in LaCo0.5Ni0.5O3

The magnetic and transport properties of LaCo0.5Ni0.5O3 have been studied. The dc magnetization and the ac susceptibility studies suggest the presence of a magnetic-phase transition from a ferromagnetic (FM) to a spin glass phase at a low temperature. This type of reentrant spin-glass (RSG) behavior attached to a long-range ordered ferromagnet is observed in this system. A magnetoresistance of ~10% is observed at 5 K which is unsaturated up to 11 Tesla suggests the presence of antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions. It is likely that the competition between such AFM interactions with FM interactions yield an RSG phase.

Electron- Spin-Resonance studies of phase transitions in double propionates

Detailed ESR investigations of Mn2+ substituting for Ca2+ in Ca2Sr(C2H5COO)6, (DSP) and Ca2Pb(C2H5COO)6, (DLP) and Ca2Ba(C2H5COO)6, (DBP), in single crystals and powders, over the temperature range from 300°C to -180°C have been carried out to study the successive phase transitions in these compounds. Spectra have been analyzed in terms of axial spin Hamiltonians and the temperature dependences of the parameters studied. Across the I-II transition, new physically and chemically inequivalent sites appear indicating the disappearance of the diad axes on which the propionate groups are located, bringing out the connection between the motional states of the propionate groups and the occurrence of ferroelectricity. The II-III transition also causes chemically inequivalent sites to develop, indicating that the transitions may not be isomorphous as believed previously. Similarities and dissimilarities of the ESR spectra of DLP, DSP and DBP are discussed in relation to the phase transitions.

Electron spin resonance studies of d5 ions (Fe3+ and Mn2+) in lead oxide-lead halide glasses

Electron spin resonance (ESR) of d5 ions (Fe3+ and Mn2+) has been investigated in PbO---PbF2 and PbO---PbCl2 glasses in wide ranges of composition. ESR spectra of d5 ions in these glasses exhibit significant differences which we have attributed to at least three important causes: (i) The ionic potentials of Fe3+ and Mn2+ are different. Hence Fe3+ ions tend to acquire their own environment while Mn2+ ions take up substitutional (Pb2+ ion) positions. (ii) The sizes and nephelauxetic behaviours of O2- and F- ions are similar. Thus even when there is a mixed anionic coordination, the environment of Mn2+ ions is highly symmetrical in oxyfluoride glasses. The Mn2+ spectra in oxychloride glasses are considerably different. (iii) Increase in halide ion concentration increases the ionicity of lead-ligand bonding and favours a more symmetrical environment around dopant ions in halide-rich glasses. The features in ESR spectra have been interpreted in the light of known behaviour of d5 ions in glasses and also in the context of known structural features of PbO---PbX2 glasses. Dopant ions appear to cluster at high concentrations although isolated low-symmetry sites are still observed. Effects of crystallization and annealing upon ESR spectra have also been investigated.

Universal jellium BCS picture for Peierls and spin-Peierls phase transitions

Both metal-insulator Peierls and antiferromagnetic spin-Peierls dimerized phase transitions are observed to have a BCS electron-phonon interaction parameter which is compatible with the jellium value λ = 2/3π ≈ 0.21.

The Spin-Statistics Relation and Noncommutative Quantum Field Theory

The efforts of combining quantum theory with general relativity have been great and marked by several successes. One field where progress has lately been made is the study of noncommutative quantum field theories that arise as a low energy limit in certain string theories. The idea of noncommutativity comes naturally when combining these two extremes and has profound implications on results widely accepted in traditional, commutative, theories. In this work I review the status of one of the most important connections in physics, the spin-statistics relation. The relation is deeply ingrained in our reality in that it gives us the structure for the periodic table and is of crucial importance for the stability of all matter. The dramatic effects of noncommutativity of space-time coordinates, mainly the loss of Lorentz invariance, call the spin-statistics relation into question. The spin-statistics theorem is first presented in its traditional setting, giving a clarifying proof starting from minimal requirements. Next the notion of noncommutativity is introduced and its implications studied. The discussion is essentially based on twisted Poincaré symmetry, the space-time symmetry of noncommutative quantum field theory. The controversial issue of microcausality in noncommutative quantum field theory is settled by showing for the first time that the light wedge microcausality condition is compatible with the twisted Poincaré symmetry. The spin-statistics relation is considered both from the point of view of braided statistics, and in the traditional Lagrangian formulation of Pauli, with the conclusion that Pauli's age-old theorem stands even this test so dramatic for the whole structure of space-time.