Nationellt identitetsskapande : en diskursanalys av framställningen av homosexualitet i ghananska medier

Den diskurs eller världsbild som vi som individer har påverkar vår tolkning av omvärlden. Diskurserna är föränderliga och skapas i en ständig dialog mellan olika aktörer i samhället. En aktör är medierna som tillhör eliterna i samhället och utövar makt på så sätt att de kan påverka vårt sätt att tänka. Syftet med denna artikel är att genom en diskursanalys studera hur en nationell identitet skapas i förhållande till ”dom andra” och tar sin utgångspunkt i framställningen av homosexualitet i ghanansk media. Frågor som ställdes var; vilka är de som har möjlighet att uttrycka sig i media, vilka åsikter uttrycker de och hur påverkar detta ghananernas syn på sig själva och andra? Studien kommer fram till att homosexuella i diskussionerna ses som ett ”dom” i förhållande till ”oss” – ”ghananerna”, och därmed som stående utanför den nationella gemenskapen. Sättet på vilket ”vi och dom” omtalas i medierna gör också att ”vi” kommer att ses som bättre än ”dom”. Detta identitetsskapande är dock mycket komplext och påverkas i hög grad av de maktstrukturer som existerar i samhället. Att ingen kan stå utanför diskurserna, att alla både påverkar och påverkas av dessa, blev genom artikelskrivandet klart för mig.

Sociala meddelanden.

At head of title, 1912- : Statistika meddelanden. Ser. F. Band I-

Narrativ studie av sociala berättelser : Återberättning av perspektiv och mentala kausala samband för elev elever med autismspektrumtillstånd och lindrig utvecklingsstörning

Sammanfattning/Abstract Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka hur sociala berättelser kan öka färdigheter och förmågor av perspektivering och mentala kausala samband i återberättande av olika berättelser för elever med autismspektrumtillstånd (AST) och lindrig utvecklingsstörning. Metoden vi använde oss av var dels utifrån aktionsforskning att utgå från vår egen praktik och en single-case research-reversal design med två baslinjer och två interventionsfaser på fyra elever i åk 2 & 3 med AST och lindrig utvecklingsstörning på grundskolan och grundsärskolan.   Resultaten visade att interventionen med sociala berättelser utifrån bildstödsprogrammet Trippelverkstaden hade störst effekt på två elever i perspektivering. Interventionen med sociala berättelser utifrån symbol- och bildstödsprogrammet Inprint hade störst effekt av perspektivering på två av eleverna. Resultaten för mentala kausala samband gav störst effekt på två av eleverna i återberättande av sociala berättelser i interventionerna.   Slutsatserna vi kom fram till var att de rekommendationer och metoder ifrån sociala berättelser med basmeningar, enkelt språk, korta berättelser, bildstöd, användandet av fåtal karaktärer i berättelserna och relaterat till situationer/händelser eleven känner igen har gett effekt på elevernas återberättningar av perspektiv och mentala kausala samband. Interventionerna med sociala berättelser ger stöd för att användas som hjälpmedel för elever med AST och lindrig utvecklingsstörning i Theory of Mind (ToM), centrala koherens (CK) och exekutiva funktioner/arbetsminne (EF & AM) i att återberättningarna blir mer sammanhållna och ökad återberättning av perspektiv och mentala kausala samband. Vi hävdar utifrån undersökningens resultat och utfall att sociala berättelser kan utgöra ett återkommande inslag i undervisningen för att träna kognitiva-, språkliga- och kommunikativa färdigheter och förmågor av att göra olika perspektiveringar och mentala kausala samband i återberättningar av berättelser.    Nyckelord: sociala berättelser, narration, AST, lindrig utvecklingsstörning, single-case research design, aktionsforskning, perspektivering, mentala kausala samband, theory of mind, central koherens, exekutiva funktioner, arbetsminne.

Får jämställdheten plats? En studie av översiktsplaneringens behandling av sociala kategorier

Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka hur jämställdhet har behandlats i förhållande till övriga sociala kategorier i översiktsplaneringen. Vidare är syftet att undersöka om detta skiljer sig åt mellan olika typer av kommuner och över tid. Studien bygger på en intersektionell ansats och urvalet bygger på tidigare teorier kring genuskontrakt där fem kommuner i varje genuskontraktstyp inkluderas. Kommunernas översiktsplaner, både aktuella och äldre, studeras genom att genomföra en kvantitativ textanalys där sociala kategoriers utrymme undersöks och en diskursanalys där beskrivningen av sociala kategorier studeras. Resultatet visar att tio sociala kategorier inkluderas i översiktsplaneringen. Jämställdhet har gått från att få näst minst utrymme i de äldre översiktsplanerna till att idag få näst mest utrymme jämfört med övriga sociala kategorier. Jämställdhet beskrivs på liknande sätt som barn, funktionshindrade och äldre att gynnas av en nära, funktionsblandad stad med fungerande kollektivtrafik. Vilket genuskontrakt en kommun har påverkar främst hur kommunerna beskriver jämställdhet, mångfald och äldre.

Sex socialsekreterares upplevelser av den organisatoriska och sociala arbetsmiljön

2016-06-02

Historiemedvetande, historiska medier och historieundervisning

I ljuset av samtidens förändrade medielandskap och samhällsgrundade spänningar om historieframställningar framstår de historiska mediernas roll i dagens och historiens historieämne i ungdomsskolan som en historiedidaktiskt angelägen fråga. Med denna fråga i fokus utformades forskarskolan Historiska medier: forskarskola i historia med didaktisk inriktning i början av 2011. I denna antologi ges en samlad presentation av elva studier från forskarskolan som berör de historiska mediernas roll, funktion, villkor och användning. Studierna bidrar till den historiedidaktiska forskningen, och erbjuder också verksamma och blivande historielärare en möjlighet att utveckla sin kunskap om hur medier påverkar undervisning och lärande i historia.

Emergens i Meads sociologi : Process, interaktion och det sociala livets villkor

Emergence in the sociology of Mead: Process, interaction and the conditions ofsocial life. Within sociology, and especially in the symbolic interaction genre thereof, emergence have been used in order to analyze the process between different dichotomies such as structure and agency, individual and collective, improvisation and the pre-determined as well as the relationship between a now, a past and a present. The aim of this article is to, based on mentioned dichotomies, discuss the possibilities and the limitations of emergence. In terms of possibilities emergence can be used as an analytical and theoretical tool for analyzing the process between different social phenomena. In terms of limitations, emergence could (and have been) criticized for not acknowledging the pre-conditioned aspects of social life. Hence, this article is concluded in a discussion on how to integrate pre-conditioned aspects of social life, such as power, dominance and subordination in the analysis of the emergent and dynamic social life.

Betydelsen av socialt ansvar : En kvalitativ studie om ideella elitidrottsföreningars sociala samhällsengagemang

De ideella elitidrottsföreningarna börjar till stor del bli kommersialiserade och gränsen mellan dem och vinstdrivande företag är på väg att suddas ut. De är dock fortfarande en ideell idrottsförening till formen som ska vara allmännyttig, demokratisk, ha folkrörelsekaraktär, vara jämlik och jämställd – de ska med andra ord genom sin huvudsakliga verksamhet bidra till samhället. Trots det tenderar elitidrottsföreningarna att ta ytterligare samhällsansvar genom att bedriva olika projekt och verksamheter med syfte att på olika sätt hjälpa till exempel utsatta grupper i samhället. Syftet med studien är att förstå vilken betydelse de sociala samhällsengagemangen har för ideella elitidrottsföreningar i förhållande till deras intressenter. Genom att utföra semistrukturerade intervjuer med representanter från fem olika ideella elitidrottsföreningar har vi skapat en förståelse kring deras sociala ansvarstagande för att därefter tolka vilken betydelse detta har för föreningarna och för vilka de arbetar med socialt ansvarstagande. Uppsatsen bidrar till att förstå att det finns nya strategier att använda sig av när det handlar om att bedriva en ideell elitidrottsförening. Vi önskar att uppsatsen kan bidra till att inspirera personer inom föreningsvärlden att våga gå nya vägar när det kommer till att leda och utveckla Sveriges idrottsföreningar.

Sociala kartor över utbildningslandskapet : Installationsföreläsning, professuren i utbildningssociologi vid Uppsala universitet, 11 november 2015

Sociologisk Forsknings digitala arkiv

An ICT Implementation Strategy for Primary Schools in Fiji

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has been embraced with hope and optimism in both developing and developed countries. While in the developed countries most citizens have access to one or many of the devices which utilize this technology (e.g. desktop, laptop, tablet, mobile phone), in developing countries this “luxury” can only be afforded by a privileged few. The use of these technologies in primary schools in developing countries is low. This is due to the fact that there are other bigger issues that some of these countries have to grapple with such as meeting the basic health and education needs of its citizens. Quality primary education and global development partnerships are two of the eight Millennium Development Goals of the United Nations (UNDP, 2012). Many Governments, NGO’s, service organizations, and individuals in developing countries are always looking at ways in which the disparity (not just in terms of ICT) can be narrowed. There has to be a greater collaboration between stakeholders in developing and developed countries (Mutonyi & Norton, 2007). How do stakeholders from developed countries engage with partners in developing countries to deliver meaningful and relevant outcomes for primary school students using ICT? As a first step getting the key stakeholders on side is critical. In the Fijian context, schools are managed and run by committees who are members of the community. Therefore, getting the committee on side together with the head-teachers and teachers is critical. Conversations about teaching and learning with technology can then follow with greater ease. The sustainability of any innovative approaches is also an essential element of this equation. Through this lens, this chapter investigates how ICT can be implemented in primary schools in Fiji. It proposes a three-layered approach which focuses on: (1) the community, school leadership, and teachers; (2) content, pedagogy, and technology, and (3) sustainability.

Filosofins renässans eller modern mystik : Bergsondebatten i Finland

The study examines the debate in Finland at the beginning of the 20th century surrounding the philosophy of Henri Bergson. Both within as well as outside of academic philosophy Bergsonism was adapted to the philosophical and cultural landscape in Finland by a process of selective appropriation. The ambiguous relationship between the sender and the receiver is accentuated in reference to philosophical celebrities such as Bergson, whose reputations spread more quickly than the content of their philosophy and whose names are drawn into the political and social discourse. As a philosophical movement the aim of Bergsonism was to create a scientific philosophy of life as an alternative to both idealism and modern empirical and antimetaphysical currents, during a period when European philosophy was searching for new guidelines after the collapse of the idealistic system philosophies of the 19th century. This reorientation is examined from a Finnish viewpoint and in the light of the process of intellectual importation. The study examines how elements from an international discourse were appropriated within the philosophical field in Finland against a background of changes in the role of the university and the educated elites as well as the position of philosophy within the disciplinary hierarchy. Philosophical reception was guided by expectations that had arisen in a national context, for example when Bergsonism in Finland was adjusted to a moral and educational ideal of self-cultivation, and often served as a means for philosophers to internationalize their own views in order to strengthen their position on the national stage. The study begins with some introductory remarks on the international circulation of ideas from the point of view of the periphery. The second section presents an overview of the shaping of the philosophical field at the turn of the 20th century, the naturalism and positivism of the late 19th century that were the objects of Bergson s critique, and an introduction to the attempts of a philosophy of life to make its way between idealism and naturalism. The third and main section of the study begins with a brief presentation of the main features of the philosophy of Bergson, followed by a closer examination of the different comments and analyses that it gave rise to in Finland. The final section addresses the ideological implications of Bergsonism within the framework of a political annexation of the philosophy of life at the beginning of the 20th century.

Wipert von Blücher und Finnland : Alternativpolitik und Diplomatie im 'Dritten Reich'

This dissertation explores the role of the German minister to Helsinki, Wipert von Blücher (1883-1963), within the German-Finnish relations of the late 1930s and the Second World War. Blücher was a key figure – and certainly one of the constants – within German Finland policy and the complex international diplomacy surrounding Finland. Despite representing Hitler’s Germany, he was not a National Socialist in the narrower sense of the term, but a conservative civil servant in the Wilhelmine tradition of the German foreign service. Along with a significant number of career diplomats, Blücher attempted to restrict National Socialist influence on the exercise of German foreign policy, whilst successfully negotiating a modus vivendi with the new regime. The study of his political biography in the Third Reich hence provides a highly representative example of how the traditional élites of Germany were caught in an cycle of conformity and, albeit tacit, opposition. Above all, however, the biographical study of Blücher and his behaviour offers an hitherto unexplored approach to the history of the German-Finnish relations. His unusually long tenure in Helsinki covered the period leading up to the so-called Winter War, which left Blücher severely distraught by Berlin’s effectively pro-Soviet neutrality and brought him close to resigning his post. It further extended to the German-Finnish rapprochement of 1940/41 and the military cooperation of both countries from mid-1941 to 1944. Throughout, Blücher developed a diverse and ambitious set of policy schemes, largely rooted in the tradition of Wilhelmine foreign policy. In their moderation and commonsensical realism, his designs – indeed his entire conception of foreign policy – clashed with the foreign political and ideological premises of the National Socialist regime. In its theoretical grounding, the analysis of Blücher’s political schemes is built on the concept of alternative policy and indebted to A.J.P. Taylor’s definition of dissent in foreign policy. It furthermore rests upon the assumption, introduced by Wolfgang Michalka, that National Socialist foreign policy was dominated by a plurality of rival conceptions, players, and institutions competing for Hitler’s favour (‘Konzeptionen-Pluralismus’). Although primarily a study in the history of international relations, my research has substantially benefited from more recent developments within cultural history, particularly research on nobility and élites, and the renewed focus on autobiography and conceptions of the self. On an abstract level, the thesis touches upon some of the basic components of German politics, political culture, and foreign policy in the first half of the 20th century: national belonging and conflicting loyalties, self-perception and representation, élites and their management of power, the modern history of German conservatism, the nature and practice of diplomacy, and, finally, the intricate relationship between the ethics of the professional civil service and absolute moral principles. Against this backdrop, the examination of Blücher’s role both within Finnish politics and the foreign policy of the Third Reich highlights the biographical dimension of the German-Finnish relationships, while fathoming the determinants of individual human agency in the process.

Makt, konst, elit - konstfältets positioner, relationer och resurser i 1940- och 1950-talens Helsingfors

The dissertation examines the power mechanisms and institutional power hierarchies of the 1940s-1950s era arts elite in Helsinki and their influence on issues of taste in the visual arts. For the purposes of this study, the elite is understood to consist mainly of the board members of the principal elected bodies in the field of the arts. The theoretical framework employed is based on Pierre Bourdieu s field theory and the network perspective. The author has examined what the key, pervasive valuations were that governed the exercising of power by the arts elite in issues of taste, involving determination of who was an acknowledged artist and what was good art. The dissertation demonstrates that this exercising of power was governed by certain collective practices which maintained the illusion that the exercising of power was democratic and based on artistic quality. These practices were the corporate system, using artistic arguments in issues of taste, and using networks in the exercising of power. The struggle in the field of the arts was about who ultimately was entitled to define the value of contemporary art; the issue did not arise regarding historical art. Artists managed to gain a leading position as gatekeepers in issues regarding contemporary art. The author discusses a number of conflicts in the field of the arts that highlight the institutional hierarchies and the capital held by the various players. The structural changes that occurred in administration in the field of cultural production in the 1950s led to the separation of bureaucratic competence on the one hand and aesthetic competence on the other. There was a hierarchy in the field of the arts between institutions, between instruments of legitimisation, and between the symbolic and social capital of players in the field. The hierarchy in the arts ultimately depended on how well the elite could influence tastes through the instruments at their disposal. The various instruments of legitimisation grants, purchases, etc. were ranked differently in the evaluation of acknowledged artists and good art. The dissertation discusses what values, in the form of types of symbolic capital, the arts elite embraced and what role these played in the elite s exercising of power, with particular focus on gender, language, region and economic capital. The aesthetic capital of an artist was of only minor importance in the exercising of power by the arts elite. The dissertation further discusses the points of contact between the arts elite and players in other fields, such as the economic, media and consumer fields. When the arts elite, through the Academy of Fine Arts, became an active player in the art market, this led to a hierarchy where the division between acknowledged and not-acknowledged galleries became sharper.

Drag på parnassen. Två sextiotalsstudier. : Del I: Medelklass med mänskligt ansikte. Medelklassradikalism i fyra romaner av Christer Kihlman, Jarl Sjöblom, Marianne Alopaeus och Ulla-Lena Lundberg. Del II: Modernistdebatten. Sak, person och fält i en finlandssvensk litteraturdebatt år 1965.

The objective of my dissertation Pull (or Draught, or Moves) at the Parnassus , is to provide a deeper understanding of Nordic Middle Class radicalism of the 1960 s as featured in Finland-Swedish literature. My approach is cultural materialist in a broad sense; social class is regarded a crucial aspect of the contents and contexts of the novels and literary discussions explored. In the first volume, Middle Class With A Human Face , novels by Christer Kihlman, Jarl Sjöblom, Marianne Alopaeus, and Ulla-Lena Lundberg, respectively, are read from the points of view of place, emotion, and power. The term "cryptotope" is used to designate the hidden places found to play an important role in all of these four narratives. Also, the "chronotope of the provincial small town", described by Mikhail Bakhtin in 1938, is exemplified in Kihlman s satirical novel, as is the chronotope of of war (Algeria, Vietnam) in those of Alopaeus and Lundberg s. All the four novels signal changes in the way general "scripts of emotions", e.g. jealousy, are handled and described. The power relations in the novels are also read, with reference to Michel Foucault. As the protagonists in two of them work as journalists, a critical discussion about media and Bourgeois hegemony is found; the term "repressive legitimation" is created to grasp these patterns of manipulation. The Modernist Debate , part II of the study, concerns a literary discussion between mainly Finland-Swedish authors and critics. Essayist Johannes Salminen (40) provided much of the fuel for the debate in 1963, questioning the relevance to contemporary life of the Finland-Swedish modernist tradition of the 1910 s and 1920 s. In 1965, a group of younger authors and critics, including poet Claes Andersson (28), followed up this critique in a debate taking place mainly in the newspaper Vasabladet. Poets Rabbe Enckell (62), Bo Carpelan (39) and others defended a timeless poetry. This debate is contextualized and the changing literary field is analyzed using concepts provided by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. In the thesis, the historical moment of Middle Class radicalism with a human face is regarded a temporary luxury that new social groups could afford themselves, as long as they were knocking over the statues and symbols of the Old Bourgeoisie. This is not to say that all components of the Sixties strategy have lost their power. Some of them have survived and even grown, others remain latent in the gene bank of utopias, waiting for new moments of change.