975 resultados para SCHOOL FAILURE


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Este estudo tem por objetivo levantar algumas explicações para o fracasso escolar de uma parcela definida de alunos das escolas pGblicas Ao Rio de Janeiro. São ana lisadas, através de uma abordagem transdisciplinar, situa- çoes de sala de aula onde o material básico é o diálogo tr~ vado entre professores e estud~ntes da Escola Tia Ciata. Buscou-se, nas falas dos sujeitos, a possibilidade de uma relação dialógica. A Escola Tia Ciata reunia características singul~ res, tanto com relação à sua clientela, quanto à metodologia adotada. Ela teria como meta atender a meninos recusa dos por outras escolas da Rede Oficial de ensino, ou por terem ultrapassado a idade fixada como limite para a alfabetização, ou por terem mantido um comportamento classificado como inadequado aos padrões dessas instituições. Esses meninos carregam o estigma da J[~arginal i dade e são nomeados pela sociedade, "pivetes", "meninos de rua", "menores" , "favelados", etc. Os fundrunentos da pesquisa que informaram inicia! mente esta dissertação faziam parte da proposta pedagógica da escola: a procura da "interdisciplinariedade" dos conteGdos, através da pesquisa da história de vida dos alunos. Teve seus procedimentos discutidos pela equipe de coordenação até 1989. O grupo pesquisado constitui-se de 69 alunos, cog centrados na faixa etária de 12 a 18 anos e seus 7 respectivos professores. As conclusões decorrentes limitam-se ao contexto investigado. No entanto, poderão servir como subsídio a outras iniciativas semelhantes.

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Este estudo versa sobre a controvertida relação elitre a desnutrição e a aprendizagem procurando identificar os pontos em comum, ou não, entre essas duas áreas. O objetivo deste trabalho é contribuir com fundamentos teóricos e práticos que possibilitem a análise e reflexão do tema apresentado. Observamos que há diferentes abordagens sobre a relação desnutrição e aprendizagem e, p~ ra cada dimensão do problema estudado, procuramos oferecer as reflexões necessárias ao processo ensino-aprendizagem. O trabalho apresenta, também, alguns dados provenientes de uma pesquisa de campo realizada pela autora com professores e orientadores educacionais de diversas escolas do Município do Rio de Janeiro. Embora a pesquisa, em si, não tenha sido o fio condutor deste estudo, seus resultados, entretanto, poderão servir como colaboração e subsídio aocontextualmente, a partir de sua própria realidade. Sem ter a pretensio de ter esgotado ~odo o referencial teórico sobre o assunto, esse estudo teve, também, a finalidade àe provocar o debate sobre'o tema, oferecer subsídio aos professores, assim como propiciar meios novas pesquisas nesta área. para Há que ressaltar que o problema da desnutriçio envolve variáveis de outros setores tais como: social, poli tica, econômica e cultural, portanto, ele nao pode ser analisado isoladamente; e seu estudo requer, por conseguinte, aprofundamento também nas outras áreas. As duas suposições de trabalho, levantadas no iní cio do estudo, continuam em aberto porque, apesar da desnutriçio nao ser a única responsável pelo fracasso escolar, ela,.a desnutriçio, provavelmente, será u~ dos fatores prejudiciais ao desempenho satisfatório do aluno. tema estudado.em trabalhos posteriores. De acordo como levantamento teórico, podemos con cluir que não existe um consenso a respeito da relação desnu trição e aprendizagem, pois, os próprios autores, nao excluem de suas análises os pontos referenciais das outras abordagens. Observa-se, então, que este tema, tão rico e tão polêmico, ainda não oferece uma dimensão única sobre seus resultados, devendo o educador, por isso mesmo, trabalhá-lo,

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O reconhecimento da educação escolar como uma mediação imprescindível para uma maior e mais qualitativa inserção do indivíduo no âmbito político, social, cultural e econômico; e da avaliação da aprendizagem como um dos elementos pedagógicos de maior peso no fenômeno fracasso escolar e impeditivo de tal inserção, constituem-se nos fatores nucleares a orientar o presente estudo. Objetivamos através da problematização da educação escolar e do fracasso escolar, discutir e redimensionar o sentido e a prática avaliativa a partir dos trabalhos coletivos desenvolvidos durante o Planejamento, numa escola pública de 1 º e 2º graus na cidade de Patos, Paraíba. Introduzimos a este estudo com uma explanação geral sobre os objetivos propostos, complementados e aprofundados a partir do referencial teórico de alguns estudos sobre a relação escola-sociedade e sobre a avaliação. Consideramos importante descrever os momentos vivenciados durante o desenrolar da pesquisa, seja no que se refere aos trabalhos desenvolvidos junto ao corpo docente, como também aos problemas surgidos no cotidiano escolar; tentamos evidenciá-los a partir da conjuntura político-social e sindical predominante naquele momento no presente contexto. Traçamos os caminhos percorridos no trabalho de campo, pormenorizando acerca da amostra pesquisada, dos procedimentos, estratégias e instrumentos utilizados dentro de um processo que prioriza os trabalhos coletivos e a representação de professores e alunos sobre o objeto de estudo, a avaliação. Os dados resultantes destes procedimentos são tratados e analisados a partir da configuração de algumas categorias, e à luz de alguns pressupostos teóricos e de pesquisas desenvolvidas em outros contextos. Retomamos, enfim, às indagações iniciais, evidenciando a concreticidade e as vias de mudança dessa escola a partir dos trabalhos coletivos ora desenvolvidos, apontando caminhos possíveis.

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O principal objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a possível relação entre o fracasso escolar, entendido como anos de repetência, e o autoconceito de alunos da 8a. série do 1º grau da rede oficial de escolas de Campo Grande, no Município do Rio de Janeiro. Este trabalho foi realizado com dois grupos de alunos, sendo que um grupo havia tido experiência de fracasso escolar, isto é, repetência, e o outro grupo não. Para verificar a relação, repetência e autoconceito, foi utilizada a "Escala de Autoconceito Tennessee", desenvolvida por H. Fitts, traduzida e reduzida por Corona em 1977. A escala consta de 30 itens com 5 alternativas de respostas para cada item (tipo Likertl, sua amplitude é de 150 pontos, sendo o maior escore possível 150 (30x51 o menor 30 (30x1), indicando respectivamente uma desestruturação do autoconceito em termos de supervalorização e uma desestruturação por infra-aloração. O confronto das médias de autoconceito de grupos de alunos com diferentes frequências de repetência e sem repetência mostrou que a repetência de serie covaria significativamente com o autoconceito dos alunos estudados, concomitantemente, com a classe social. Apesar de os resultados do estudo não serem conclusivos, ainda assim consideramos válida sua realização, na medida em que fornece mais esclarecimentos a um dos mais graves problemas da escola de 1º grau no Brasil, que é o da repetência.

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The study and research field of Education is wide and rich, mainly when it goes towards the empirical area of social reality. This research focuses on young and adult subjects who cannot read or write, although they had had access to and attended schools in Natal/RN. The locus of the research are the Municipal Schools that develop the Youth and Adults Education program EJA, having representatives from the North, South, East and West zones of the city, in a total of 6 municipal schools. It analyzes these subjects' replies to the questions: "Why are there young and adults who attended school but still cannot read or write?", What are the exclusion situations they face by not being able to read or write?". From a dialectic view on the subject, the research's strategy for data collection is the semi-structured interview to collect the replies given by the interviewees; replies that are separated by analysis categories presented charts of ideas. The research's results are analyzed and lead us to the conclusion that the affective, organic, cognitive, social, political and pedagogical factors are mentioned by the subjects as reasons why they can not dominate the reading or writing skills. The youth and adults interviewed are not happy with their school failure; the reading and writing learning is something that eases their social inclusion into a society that privileges such abilities, and that with it they could avoid the social exclusion they faced at school, in the work place, at home, in church, at health centers, on the street, at their children's school and in public assistance institutions

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The studies in the education area have been defending the importance of forming autonomous teachers that they look for to understand the context in that they act, for that movement to make possible educational interventions with better conditions of the students' learning. In the extent of the teachers' formation, it has been discussed the importance of formative actions that they have as focus the analysis of the needs in the educational formation, as alternative to turn such more significant actions. Concerned with those subjects and with the school failure in the Brazilian education, especially in the children's of the public school literacy, we accomplished this work that aims at to investigate the needs of teachers' of the Fundamental Teaching of the public school formation, in the extent of their students' orthographic difficulties, building with those teachers knowledge on the process of teaching/learning spelling. The study was accomplished at a municipal school of the city of Parnamirim-RN, that offers the Fundamental Teaching I. the approach investigativa is of qualitative nature, where the case study and the research-action were used as methodologies. They participated in the research 7 teachers and 1 coordinator of the institution. For the construction of the data the following instruments were used: glimpsed semi-directing collective and individual, documental analysis, questionnaire and observation, that made possible the triangulation of the data for the content analysis. The main results pointed that the teachers' of that school initial needs were addressed not only to the teaching of the spelling, but also to the formation type that they would receive. We verified although the formative process was favorecedor of sockets of the teachers' conscience: related to the orthographic mistakes, to the strategies used at classroom and to the planning addressed to the teaching of the spelling. Finally, we concluded that the teachers' reflection researched about their own formation needs contributed for (trans)formations of their conceptions and practices related to the teaching of the spelling, even before some found difficulties, so much in the formation as in practice pedagogic developed by the participants

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This study investigates the development of Learning Objects for the literacy of children. It aims to know based in the notion of literacy teachers the main factors of academic failure in literacy and researching in Brazil, as well as identify relevant activities in the literacy process of children to support the creation of a set of Learning Objects. Refers to an exploratory research, which is configured as a qualitative nature case study, inspired in part in an action-research described by Thiollent (2003), conducted with ten early grades elementary school teachers of a public municipal school in Parnamirim / RN. As methodological options for data collection uses questionnaires and focuses on the group of teachers, analyzing the data, referring back to the ideas by Szymanski (2001; 2008) and content analysis, guided by Bardin (2002). The development of Learning Objects, follows the steps of development suggested by Garrett (2000). Rules in its multidisciplinary theoretical reference and promotes a conceptual dialogue on: Literacy; Literacy School Failure; Pedagogical Practice in Literacy; Thoughts and Language; Multimedia and Hypermedia; Learning Objects. Perceives that the act of education in literacy as an act of love, courage and social interaction between individuals - educator and pupil, so there is ownership of the object of knowledge in the relations with the world and with the experience, through a pedagogical practice that assumes all different knowledges, the moral political ideal, the mindsets of the students, and can make use of teaching materials that supports the learning process and are consistent with the educational objectives (FREIRE, 1998; FREINET, 1976; VYGOTSKY, 1998; FERREIRO AND TEBEROSKY, 1985; JONASSEN, 2000; WILEY, 2001). Figures out, through the teachers' opinions, five reasons for school failure in literacy, three inside the school environment: teacher; academic assistant and principal; student, and two outside the school environment: parents/family; government and public management. Presents a set of Learning Objects, based on the constructivist thought, developed from the identification of activities considered relevant by teachers in literacy's teaching and learning process. Suggests the use of Learning Objects as pedagogical practice in literacy as a digital resource that supports learning and can trigger important cognitive processes for the acquisition of reading and writing skills in the school environment

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This work has its genesis in the life of a teacher. It contemplates the report of a great story that expresses the political will of anonymous people who sought/seek to overcome challenges and prejudices, a joint effort to make real the right to literacy. The reported story was developed in the Pedagogic Clinic Teacher Heitor Carrilho, Natal-RN which, concerned about the sentence of 'unable to learn the written language' attributed to children and young public school students, decided to invest in overcoming prejudices and fight against school failure of these underprivileged. The problem that motivated the study was thus set up: What particularities characterize a pedagogical practice which aims to teach literacy to children and youth from public schools, considered not capable of learning the written language? What theoretical and methodological procedures are shown as a boost to literacy in the development of a pedagogical practice systematically targeted to reflect the perspective of educating those students in public schools? Aiming to answer these questions, we conducted a qualitative research having as methodology, Life Stories and Research/Formation. For the construction of the data, it was decided to use the participative observation, semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Guided by the principles of content analysis the data analysis was built, from which emerged two categories: theoretical and methodological procedures aligned to the major axes of literacy and Procedures of the specific theoretical and methodological fundamentals of literacy. As subsets of the transverse procedures others were seized: didactic-pedagogic procedures; social affective procedures. Regarding these ones, the research shows the importance of the teacher to build a relationship of listening to the students and their families in order to organize the pedagogical work, looking at multiple dimensions of the subject: the intellect, the creative, the affective, moral, noting that between the methodology and didactics or as part of it, the links built represent great opportunities to promote literacy. Regarding the specific procedures, others were built: procedures that emphasize oral communication, procedures that favor writing and procedures that privilege reading. Under these procedures, the results of research show that you can only promote literacy if the teacher provides the students effective conditions of understanding the principles of alphabetical notation from the use of various kinds of texts, leading them to comprehend and use them in different contexts. Therefore, instructors must meet the learners' prior knowledge, their language, and the learning real needs that will bring new challenges consistent with their possibilities. The research confirms the importance of the Educational Support extra school. However, it is essential to emphasize that it is a function of the school to promote literacy for all students in the early years of schooling. It is recorded, however, that for the implementation of this desire, we must break the school model characterized by a rigid tradition, in which there is only room for those who learn the content taught in a minimum time. Unfortunately, despite the discourse of inclusion and ensuring the right to education, the school remains exclusive and selective separating the school learning of interpersonal relations and social integration and performance. On the one hand, research showed the difficulties of conducting studies and/or strategies that address the particularities of children and young people believed not capable of learning. On the other hand, the political commitment and motivation have increased the perception that it is possible to mitigate the existing deficits in the educational context, beginning with the everyday teaching practice, in which new knowledge can be learned, methodologies can be improved and, despite everything, the educational success can be built

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The present work has as aim to analyze the reorganization process of the rural education in Jardim de Piranhas-RN, on the context of the education policies, in particular of the period of 1999-2006, having as reference the transformations in the political, cultural and socio-economic setting in the national, regional and local level, above all from the decade of 1990. The studies carried out in diverse sources made possible to understand from the context in which they had developed the education policies, in particular, that one directed for the rural way, as well as the mediation of this with the education reorganization in the local scope. Besides these research procedures, we carry out interviews - semi-structuralized - with managers and teachers, and we analyze documents from the produced ones in national level to those local ones. From the viewpoint theoretician-methodological, we focus the national discussion that comes developing under a new ideological political configuration and, being entitled by the Field Education, understood as a policy directed to education specifities in this sector and consolidated in the Operational Guidelines for the Basic Education in the Field Schools (CNE/MEC/2002). As particularity of this object in Jardim de Piranhas-RN, we emphasize events occurred that had marked the rural education reorganization in that city, especially from the creation of the Rural Education named Center Teacher Maria Edite Batista. Studies make possible to realize that until the Center creation, the schools functioned in rather precarious infrastructure and physical conditions, that is, without electric energy and water supplying, as well as the lack of school snack and the management structure. There was not a project or specific pedagogical accompaniment for the sector. Moreover, the teachers worked predominantly with several grade classes and still they fulfilled the manager functions, caretakers, and cook- in some cases as school secretary. However, exactly with the creation of the Rural Education Center, the education municipal system did not become capable to overcome problems as of the evasion and school failure, as well as decreasing the work overload of teachers, neither to give greater consistency to the pedagogical project of the field schools in that city

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Visando a refletir sobre diferentes formas de pensar e fazer dos psicólogos que atuam na Educação Municipal, participamos da Comissão de E-ducação do CRP-06/subsede de Assis e entrevistamos psicólogas aí envolvidas. Verificamos que suas ações - condicionadas ao modelo político-ideológico ado-tado pela gestão municipal e pela formação acadêmica recebida - caracterizam-se por práticas tradicionais e/ou compartilhadas por outros profissionais, que não vêm contribuindo para a reversão do quadro de produção do fracasso escolar. Assim, consideramos urgente a revisão dos aspectos relativos à formação dos psicólogos, às práticas atualmente implementadas e ao engajamento dos órgãos dessa classe para a consolidação de uma psicologia mais comprometida com a cidadania.

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Pós-graduação em Educação Escolar - FCLAR

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)