辽东次生林区主要阔叶林型叶面积指数季节动态

蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、花曲柳(Fraxinus rhynchophulla)和胡桃楸(Juglans mandshurica)林是我国东北天然次生林区具有代表性的主要林型。本研究以该3种林型为对象,利用数码相机外带鱼眼镜头获得3种林型的半球面影像,再利用专用软件Gap Light Analyzer处理分析获得了叶面积指数、林冠孔隙度和林下光照因子等参数。结果表明,3种林型的叶面积指数变化总体趋势是一致的,均呈先上升再下降的单峰曲线,蒙古栎林和胡桃楸林都是在7月中旬或8月中旬达到最大峰值,花曲柳林是在8月中旬或9月中旬达到最大峰值;3种林型冠层孔隙度的变化总体趋势也是一致的,呈先下降再上升的单峰曲线,不同样地峰值出现的时间也不同,最低峰值在6、7、8、9月中旬均有出现;通过对不同月份的叶面积指数、林下散射光、林下直射光的变异系数分析表明,7—9月叶面积指数的空间格局是影响林下散射光空间分布的主要因素。叶面积指数与林冠孔隙度呈指数相关。

江河源区退化天然草地的恢复及其生态效益分析

根据天然草地退化程度的差异,采用松耙+补播+施肥+封育(退化较严重的草地)、封育+施肥(轻度退化草地)等措施,植物群落物种组成、多样性等特征值及其植被盖度发生明显变化.研究第2年结果表明,物种数封育+施肥处理最高(32种),对照居中(26种),补播+施肥处理最低(13种);多样性指数大小依次为封育+施肥(3.126)、对照(2.819)、补播+施肥(1.494);均匀度指数大小依次为封育+施肥(0.902)、对照(0.865)、补播+施肥(0.582);群落总盖度大小依次为封育+施肥(85.9%)、补播+施肥(79.7%)、对照(72.9%);补播+施肥+封育处理后地上生物量最大(460.65 g/m2),原生植被+封育+施肥处理居中(310.14 g/m2),对照最低(178.96 g/m2);地下生物量大小依次为封育+施肥(6 920.37 g/m2)、补播+施肥(1 458.96 g/m2)、对照(828.91 g/m2);补播+施肥+封育处理优良牧草较对照提高近50倍,杂草类减少82.81%,封育+施肥处理较对照良牧草比例提高48倍,杂草类比例减少80.46%.半人工草地通过灭除杂草和施肥相结合的示范试验表明:单纯进行灭杂,地上生物量减少,灭杂和施肥相结合不仅可提高地上生物量,而且可提高优良牧草的比例;不同处理区土壤养分含量各不相同,其中封育+施肥处理全氮、全碳、有机碳最高,对照居中,补播+施肥较低.

Anthropology, Socialist Prediction and William Morris’s Commonweal

In the late nineteenth century, a number of writers turned to anthropology to predict a socialist future. They included prominent revolutionary socialists: Friedrich Engels, William Morris and members of the Socialist League. Contextualising the appropriation of the anthropologist Lewis Henry Morgan by such readers, this article also pays particular attention to socialist popularisations of anthropology, particularly those by Morris and his fellow writers in his penny weekly, the Commonweal. Focusing on Morris’s articles on ancient society helps to illuminate his own understanding of history, art and socialism. It also sheds new light on his predictive fiction News from Nowhere, which was originally read alongside Commonweal non-fiction. Both, I will argue, encouraged readers to see the future in the struggles of the ancient past.

Correlates of health status for family caregivers in bereavement

The purpose of this retrospective cohort study was to identify aspects of caregiving associated with health status among family caregivers in bereavement. Study participants included 151 family caregivers of terminally ill patients who had died, on average, 294 days prior to the study telephone interview. The interview covered two main areas: patient characteristics and caregiver characteristics. Multivariate linear regressions revealed that as the age of the care recipient (regression coefficient [b] = -0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.48,-0.15) and caregiver (b = -0.14; 95% CI = -0.25, -0.02) increased, caregivers experienced a decline in their physical health during bereavement. Furthermore, caregivers who reported that caregiving interrupted their usual activities (b = -5.97; 95% CI = -9.79, -2.15) had a decline in physical health during bereavement. A poorer mental health status during bereavement was seen in caregivers who reported poor physical health during caregiving (b = -4.31; 95% CI = -8.17, -0.45); and that they received insufficient family support in caregiving (b = -6.01; 95% CI = -9.75, -2.27). It was also revealed that a home death was associated with higher mental health of the caregiver (b = 3.55; 95% CI = 0.26, 6.84). The practice implications of these findings are discussed in this paper.

Abordagens à aprendizagem em estudantes do ensino superior

Resumo - As investigações realizadas no âmbito das abordagens à aprendizagem demonstram que existem diferenças significativas entre a abordagem superficial, profunda e estratégica. As duas primeiras descrevem formas de comprometimento dos alunos com as tarefas académicas e a diferença entre ambas reside, fundamentalmente, na intenção do estudante em alcançar a compreensão pessoal ou apenas recorrer a processos de memorização mecânica. A terceira caracteriza essencialmente a atitude face ao contexto escolar com vista à obtenção dos melhores resultados (Entwistle, 2009; Lee, Johanson & Tsai, 2008). O estudo que se apresenta foi realizado com 562 estudantes de 1º ano de vários cursos de licenciatura da Universidade de Évora após avaliação do primeiro semestre. Os dados que se apresentam reportam-se às abordagens à aprendizagem e ao nível de satisfação dos estudantes tendo em conta a área científica do curso frequentado, o curso e o sucesso académico. De um modo geral encontramos que os estudantes utilizam, predominante, a abordagem profunda e a estratégica para aprender e que existe relação entre os resultados na avaliação e o nível de satisfação dos estudantes. Abstract - The investigations carried about approaches to learning demonstrate that significant differences exist between the surface, deep and strategic approaches. The first two describe the students' engagement with academic tasks. The difference between them is connected to the student's intention: achieve personal understanding or just memorization processes. The third approach characterizes attitude towards school context with a view to obtaining the best results (Entwistle, 2009; Lee, Tsai & Johanson, 2008). The study that has been conducted with 562 students from 1st year of various degree courses at the University of Évora after evaluation of the first semester. The data presented relate to approaches to learning and the level of enjoyment about scientific area, course and academic success. In general we found that students use, predominantly, the deep and strategic approach to learning and we find also a relationship between academic results and student’s enjoyment.

Cecilia Porras, contra corriente: análisis del proceso de aproximación a nuevas territorialidades femeninas

El río Grande de la Magdalena marcó la historia del Caribe colombiano. Las grandes ciudades de la región nacieron y crecieron a sus orillas y vivieron a merced de sus caprichos. En un país enmarcado por cordilleras intransitables, la única vía de penetración y el camino más seguro para cualquier proceso de intercambio político o comercial era el cauce del río. Salir hacia las costas implicaba ciertas dificultades, pero remontar para llevar el comercio, la información o para el tránsito humano resultaba un proceso mucho más largo, costoso y complicado. Era necesario acudir a los bogas y subir el cauce con tracción humana, en contra de la corriente (Posada Carbó, 1989; Nichols, 1973).

A double-blind placebo-controlled study to establish the bifidogenic dose of inulin in healthy humans

Objective: To evaluate the bifidogenic efficacy of two inulin doses in healthy human adults. Design: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover human study. Setting: Food Microbial Sciences Unit, The University of Reading, Reading, UK. Subjects: Thirty healthy volunteers, 15 men, 15 women ( age range 19-35). Interventions: Subjects consumed a chocolate drink containing placebo ( maltodextrin, 8 g/day), 5 g/day inulin and 8 g/day inulin for a 2-week treatment period. Each treatment was followed by a 1-week washout at the end of which volunteers progressed to the next treatment. Faecal samples were obtained at the start of the study ( baseline) and at the end of each treatment and washout period. Fluorescent in situ hybridization was used to monitor populations of Bifidobacterium genus, Bacteroides - Prevotella, Lactobacillus - Enterococcus and Clostridium perfringens - histolyticum subgroup. Results: Bifidobacterial levels increased significantly upon ingestion of both the low ( 9.78 +/- 0.29 log(10) cells/g faeces, P < 0.05) and the high inulin dose ( 9.79 +/- 0.38 log(10) cells/g faeces, P < 0.05) compared to placebo ( 9.64 +/- 0.23 log(10) cells/g faeces). Conclusions: Both inulin doses exhibited a bifidogenic effect but a higher volunteer percentage responded to the high dose. A dose response effect was not observed but the magnitude of increase in bifidobacteria levels depended on their initial numbers. The higher the initial concentrations the smaller was the increase upon ingestion of the active treatments. Sponsorship: Financial support for the completion of this project was provided by Sensus ( Roosendaal, The Netherlands).

Punk, Politics and British (fan)zines, 1974-84:'While the world was dying, did you wonder why?

This article recovers and contextualizes the politics of British punk fanzines produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s. It argues that fanzines – and youth cultures more generally – provide a contested cultural space for young people to express their ideas, opinions and anxieties. Simultaneously, it maintains that punk fanzines offer the historian a portal into a period of significant socio-economic, political and cultural change. As well as presenting alternative cultural narratives to the formulaic accounts of punk and popular music now common in the mainstream media, fanzines allow us a glimpse of the often radical ideas held by a youthful milieu rarely given expression in the political arena.

Simultaneous and Direct Determination of As, Bi, Pb, Sb, and Se and Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, and Mn in Milk by Electrothermal Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Amniocentesis and biochemical evaluation of amniotic fluid in ewes at 70, 100 and 145 days of pregnancy

The objectives of this study were to determine the technical viability of amniocentesis in sheep and to observe biochemical changes in the amniotic fluid components. Amniotic fluid samples were collected by puncture in the greatest curvature of the uterine hum at days 70, 100, and 145 of pregnancy. The surgical procedure for collection of amniotic fluid samples was safe and efficient. For three stages of pregnancy, the following results were obtained: pH values 8.36, 7.34 and 7.37; glucose concentrations, 16.06. 8.58, and 3.79 g/dl; urea values, 42.68, 33.53, and 25.49 mg/dl; creatinine, 0.85, 5.04, and 11.25 g/dl; Gama-GT enzyme, 12.58, 14.20, and 12.30 UI/l; sodium concentrations, 146.60, 129.42, and 103.8 mmol/l: potassium concentrations, 9.79, 6.15, and 8.65 mmol/l; chloride, 96.59, 85.28, and 65.35 mmol/l; total protein, 0.14, 0.23, and 0.24 g/dl, respectively. (C) 2001 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

A construção da imagem do imperador Augusto nas obras de Veléio Patérculo, Plutarco e Suetônio

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Constructos identitários entre os conceitos de realeza de Temístio e Amiano Marcelino ( Século IV D.C

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A imagem de César e Augusto: representações do ideal de princeps em Suetônio

Pós-graduação em História - FCLAS

Maturação nuclear de ovócitos de cadelas em estro e anestro submetidos à maturação in vitro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)