05002-001 Little Pony Creek Watershed Final Report

Farmers Creek is a moderately flowing stream that winds through seventeen miles of central Jackson County, encompassing a watershed area of 30,590 acres. Due to nutrient loading and sedimentation, the stream was placed on Iowa’s 303(d) List of Impaired Waters in 2002. A three year grant project was initiated in January 2005 to reduce both sediment delivery and phosphorus levels by 40% in critical areas along the stream corridor. Over thirty-five BMP’s were started in the first nine months of this project. Funding through WIRB is being requested specifically for streambank stabilization and protection projects not covered by other cost-share programs. Innovative project designs and techniques will be installed and act as demonstration sites. Projects may include jetties, weirs, cedar revetments, cattle crossings, and fencing. To assist in excluding cattle from the stream, watering systems such as slingpumps, pasture pumps, or water rams will be installed, in conjunction with filter strips and riparian buffers.

Absorption and pharmacokinetics of grapefruit flavanones in beagles

The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of three different grapefruit flavanone forms in dog plasma and demonstrated their absorption after an oral intake of a grapefruit extract; pharmacokinetic parameters of these forms were also determined. Ten healthy beagles were administered 70 mg citrus flavonoids as a grapefruit extract contained in capsules, while two additional dogs were used as controls and given an excipient. The grapefruit flavanone naringin, along with its metabolites naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, was detected in dog plasma. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 24 h after administration of the extract. Naringin reached its maximun plasma concentration at around 80 min, whereas naringenin and naringenin glucuronide reached their maximun plasma concentrations at around 20 and 30 min, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide (medians and ranges) were 0·24 (0·05 2·08), 0·021 (0·001 0·3) and 0·09 (0·034 0·12) mmol/l, respectively. The areas under the curves were 23·16 l (14·04 70·62) min £ mmol/for nariningin, 1·78 (0·09 4·95) min £ mmol/l for naringenin and 22·5 (2·74 99·23) min £ mmol/l for naringenin glucuronide. The median and range values for mean residence time were 3·3 (1·5 9·3), 2·8 (0·8 11·2) and 8·0 (2·3 13·1) h for naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate the absorption of grapefruit flavanones via the presence of their metabolites in plasma, thus making an important contribution to the field since the biological activities ascribed to these compounds rely on their specific forms of absorption.

Absorption and pharmacokinetics of grapefruit flavanones in beagles

The present study evaluated the pharmacokinetics of three different grapefruit flavanone forms in dog plasma and demonstrated their absorption after an oral intake of a grapefruit extract; pharmacokinetic parameters of these forms were also determined. Ten healthy beagles were administered 70 mg citrus flavonoids as a grapefruit extract contained in capsules, while two additional dogs were used as controls and given an excipient. The grapefruit flavanone naringin, along with its metabolites naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, was detected in dog plasma. Blood samples were collected between 0 and 24 h after administration of the extract. Naringin reached its maximun plasma concentration at around 80 min, whereas naringenin and naringenin glucuronide reached their maximun plasma concentrations at around 20 and 30 min, respectively. Maximum plasma concentrations of naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide (medians and ranges) were 0·24 (0·05 2·08), 0·021 (0·001 0·3) and 0·09 (0·034 0·12) mmol/l, respectively. The areas under the curves were 23·16 l (14·04 70·62) min £ mmol/for nariningin, 1·78 (0·09 4·95) min £ mmol/l for naringenin and 22·5 (2·74 99·23) min £ mmol/l for naringenin glucuronide. The median and range values for mean residence time were 3·3 (1·5 9·3), 2·8 (0·8 11·2) and 8·0 (2·3 13·1) h for naringin, naringenin and naringenin glucuronide, respectively. The results of the present study demonstrate the absorption of grapefruit flavanones via the presence of their metabolites in plasma, thus making an important contribution to the field since the biological activities ascribed to these compounds rely on their specific forms of absorption.

Índex per a l’avaluació de l’oportunitat de la verema selectiva a partir de mapes de vigor

L’índex d’oportunitat IO és un índex per avaluar si pot ser rendible o no la verema selectiva, segons les característiques de la parcel·la i els mapes de vigor (índex NDVI) obtinguts a través de la imatge de satèl·lit. L’índex proposat es construeix en base a tres factors que són la variabilitat (V) en els valors d’NDVI, l’estructura espacial (E) d’aquesta variació, i una superfície mínima necessària (S) per a que sigui rendible la verema selectiva. El càlcul de l’índex d’oportunitat permet obtenir un valor numèric d’oportunitat de verema selectiva per cada una de les parcel·les, i a partir d’aquí es poden classificar segons presentin una oportunitat alta, mitjana o baixa per a la verema selectiva.

Grape epicatechin conjugates prevent erythrocyte membrane protein oxidation

Epicatechin conjugates obtained from grape have shown antioxidant activity in various systems. However, how these conjugates exert their antioxidant benefits has not been widely studied. We assessed the activity of epicatechin and epicatechin conjugates on the erythrocyte membrane in the presence and absence of a peroxyl radical initiator, to increase our understanding of their mechanisms. Thus, we studied cell membrane fluidity by fluorescence anisotropy measurements, morphology of erythrocytes by scanning electron microscopy, and finally, red cell membrane proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Our data showed that incubation of red cells in the presence of epicatechin derivatives altered membrane fluidity and erythrocyte morphology but not the membrane protein pattern. The presence in the medium of the peroxyl radical initiator 2,2′-azobis(amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) resulted in membrane disruptions at all levels analyzed, causing changes in membrane fluidity, cell morphology, and protein degradation. The presence of antioxidants avoided protein oxidation, indicating that the interaction of epicatechin conjugates with the lipid bilayer might reduce the accessibility of AAPH to membranes, which could explain in part the inhibitory ability of these compounds against hemolysis induced by peroxidative insult.

L'efecte del canvi climàtic sobre els precursos de les aromes minoritàries del raïm

Aquest treball forma part d'un macroprojecte que pretén centrar-se en l'estudi de l'evolució dels precursos de les aromes minoritàries a la zona de la Rioja. Neix d'una inquietud que intenta esbrinar quins efectes globals té el canvi climàtic sobre les propietats químiques del raïm. Per tal de que es desenvolupi aquest projecte, prèviament es disposa d’un seguit de dades històriques i analítiques que permetran analitzar diferents paràmetres dels anys considerats com a anys d'estudi, que són 2009, 2010 i 2011. Els principals paràmetres que s'estudiaran són el GDD (Growing Degree Day) i la pluviometria, analitzant-los en tres collites diferents pels tres anys d’estudi , primer per separat i després junts per veure el seu efecte. Posteriorment, es farà un estudi més acurat de les diferents famílies químiques que hi ha, quina és la seva evolució així com, quines són les propietats químiques dels seus precursors minoritaris.

Horizontal Grid Size Selection and its Influence on Mesoscale Model Simulations

The use of two-dimensional spectral analysis applied to terrain heights in order to determine characteristic terrain spatial scales and its subsequent use for the objective definition of an adequate grid size required to resolve terrain forcing are presented in this paper. In order to illustrate the influence of grid size, atmospheric flow in a complex terrain area of the Spanish east coast is simulated by the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) mesoscale numerical model using different horizontal grid resolutions. In this area, a grid size of 2 km is required to account for 95% of terrain variance. Comparison among results of the different simulations shows that, although the main wind behavior does not change dramatically, some small-scale features appear when using a resolution of 2 km or finer. Horizontal flow pattern differences are significant both in the nighttime, when terrain forcing is more relevant, and in the daytime, when thermal forcing is dominant. Vertical structures also are investigated, and results show that vertical advection is influenced highly by the horizontal grid size during the daytime period. The turbulent kinetic energy and potential temperature vertical cross sections show substantial differences in the structure of the planetary boundary layer for each model configuration

Utilização de modelagem numérica para o estudo da dispersão de poluentes emitidos pela usina termoelétrica Presidente Médici

The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the atmospheric behavior in the dispersion of the pollutants SO2, PM10 and NOx emitted by the President Medici power plant in Candiota, RS. The RAMS atmospheric model was applied and the simulations were conducted from april in 20 to 24, 2004. The concentrations of the pollutants simulated by RAMS were compared with the data measured at the air quality monitoring stations. The results showed significant influence of the emissions generated by the power plant on the concentration of the pollutants.

Health management practices and disease prevalence in dairy sheep systems in Argentina

A cross-sectional survey of 19 dairy sheep farms in Argentina was carried out with the purpose to know farm management, health practices, and occurrence and mortality of diseases. The survey comprised 40% of all sheep milking farms in Argentina. A questionnaire was conducted by way of personal interviews with sheep owners during farm visits. The proportions of farms reporting routine vaccination for clostridial diseases, contagious ecthyma, pneumonia and mineral and vitamin parenteral administration were 63%, 47.3%, 16.6% and 42.1% respectively. Regular treatment against lice was used in 37.5% of the farms, and 89.5% o the farmers treated against gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). The mean number of GIN drenches per farm was 2.26±1.78 annually. In 68.4% of the milking flocks the California Mastitis Test was regularly done and 55.6% of the farmer managers had sampled their flocks once a year for Brucella ovis antibodies. During the pre-mating period respectively 68.4% and 50% of farmers clinically examined their rams and ewe for general health and teeth condition. The udders of ewes were frequently inspected at the start of each milking period. The most important parasite problems noticed were GIN (reported by 57.9% of farmers), lice (57.9%) and scabies (10.5%) and the most frequent infectious diseases were ecthyma (73.7%), pneumonia and other respiratory problems (57.9%), clinical mastitis (55.6%), clostridial diseases (36.9%) and foot lameness (35.2%). Photosensitivity (47.4%) and ruminal acidosis (42.1%) were reported as other frequent toxic or metabolic disorders. Owners mentioned that the mean lifespan or milk productive time per ewe was 4.5±1.4 years. Perinatal lamb mortality was 8.5% and the total flock mortality rates, above the first 24 h of life was 6.9%. The high rates of lamb mortality during the pre-weaning (10.3%) and post-weaning (5.9%) periods indicate that this problem, as well as the most prevalent diseases, should be the subject of further studies.

Trade Liberalization and the Profitability of Domestic Mergers.

It is often thought that a tariff reduction, by opening up the domestic market to foreign firms, should lessen the need for a policy aimed at discouraging domestic mergers. This implicitly assumes that the tariff in question is sufficiently high to prevent foreign firms from selling in the domestic market. However, not all tariffs are prohibitive, so that foreign firms may be present in the domestic market before it is abolished. Furthermore, even if the tariff is prohibitive, a merger of domestic firms may render it nonprohibitive, thus inviting foreign firms to penetrate the domestic market. In this paper, we show, using a simple example, that in the latter two cases, abolishing the tariff may in fact make the domestic merger more profitable. Hence, trade liberalization will not necessarily reduce the profitability of domestic mergers.

Assaig d’ aclarida química en raïm de vinificació garnatxa negra

La Garnatxa negra és la varietat negra autòctona i majoritària a la Denominació d’Origen Empordà. La facilitat actual per obtenir rendiments elevats (selecció clonal, terrenys fèrtils, pràctiques agrícoles, ...) obliga a regular-ne la producció per obtenir collites de qualitat. L’eliminació d’una part de la collita mitjançant l’aclarida manual ha estat una pràctica efectiva i àmpliament utilitzada per la millora de la qualitat en situacions puntuals de sobreproducció. Però els seus elevats costos de mà d’obra la fan privativa per a la majoria de productors. L’aclarida química amb Etefon es perfila com una bona alternativa a l’hora de regular la producció amb uns costos d’execució acceptables. L’objectiu del treball era provar l’eficàcia de l’Etefon com a aclaridor químic en vinya per a la varietat Garnatxa negra com a alternativa a l’aclarida manual tradicional

L'avaluació de la competènica lingüística dels adolescents. 'La evaluación de la competencia lingüística de los adolescentes'.

Resumen de la autora en catalán. Documento no disponible on-line en el momento del vaciado

Les estrategies d'interacció del professor amb l'alumne sord a l'aula regular. Criteris per a la seva utilització. 'Las estrategias de interacción del profesor con el alumno sordo en el aula regular. Criterios para su utilización'.

Conocer la realidad comunicativa que se produce en el aula regular entre profesor y alumno sordo; identificar los patrones que gobiernan los diferentes estilos comunicativos del profesor y sus efectos sobre el habala del alumno; y, plantear una propuesta del modelo para el análisis y la optimización del estilo comunicativo del profesor en el aula integradora.. Primera fase: 20 profesores y 20 alumnos (16-18 años) de 20 aulas de escuelas de integración. Segunda fase: 6 profesors y 6 alumnos (3 grupo control, 3 grupo experimental) de diversos cursos de EGB, de 6 aulas de escuelas de integración. Elabora un marco teórico, expone los conceptos fundamentales de la integración del alumno sordo en nuestro pais, describe de forma global las particularidades comunicativas que suelen caracterizar a los sujetos con pérdidas auditivas, revisa las aportaciones teóricas, expone las investigaciones llevadas a cabo con anterioridad. El trabajo de investigación se divide en 2 fases: en la primera obtiene un perfil que muestra los principales parámetros de la interacción entre el profesor y el alumno sordo en el aula de integración, en la segunda fase aplica el programa de ciclo de aprendizaje al grupo experimental para modificar los parámetros observados en la anterior fase y observa las diferencias encontradas con respecto al grupo control. . Entrevistas. Cuestionario. Transcripción. Cámara de video. Prueba de la historia empleada por Rams-Pott. Cuaderno de registro. . Porcentajes. Análisis descriptivo. Análisis comparativo. Distribución de frecuencias. Sistema de codificación Clan. . Existe una relación entre las estrategias de trabajo utilizadas por el profesor con el alumno sordo y la actitud ideológica del profesor hacia la integración. El comportamiento docente observado en realción a las situaciones de reparación didáctica está vinculado a la experiencia del docente con el alumno. Ante errores de ejecución o producción las estrategias más empleadas son de tipo restrictivo y ante errores de comprensión las estrategias son más expansivas. Cualitativamente mejora el perfil interactivo de los profesores y alumnos del grupo experimental. . Es necesario poner en marcha nuevas investigaciones que respondan a las siguientes preguntas: +Cuáles son los mecanismos de adaptación del alumno a los diversos patrones interactivos mostrados por el profesor?, +Cómo influye el modelo comunicativo del profesor en el intercambio entre los compañeros oyentes y el propio sordo?.

Una Experiencia de trabajo cooperativo e interactivo para el apoyo, la gestión y la planificación docente

En el presente trabajo describimos el proceso organizativo de las becas de colaboración de asistentes de asignatura en las facultades de la UAB. Al no existir directrices sobre cómo distribuir/gestionar el grupo de trabajo, la facultad de Psicología generó una estructura de trabajo basada en la metodología colaborativa para potenciar las competencias de los asistentes y proporcionar un apoyo transversal a la Facultad. Después de un año de trabajo se han recogido evidencias (protocolos, recursos y herramientas) de cómo se ha realizado este soporte a la planificación y gestión docentes