El Djebel ; Aït Ouaou Aouzghit / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Chichaoua - Azrou ; Bou Ourgh / Raïs Mohamed Mouzi, chant [acc. instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Ksida Taleb Nah Soussi ; Ksida Dialt S'tinka / Raïs El Djemaâ, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Ksida Dialt Aït Milk ; Ksida Dialt Ida Ou M'hamed / Raïs El Djemaâ, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

Ksida Dialt Nahla Ou Nouar ; Ksida Dialt Tid Imanestb / Raïs El Djemaâ, chant [acc. voc. et instr.]

[Traditions. Afrique du Nord. Maroc]

STRATEGIC-1: A multiple-lines, randomized, open-label GERCOR phase III study in patients with unresectable wild-type RAS metastatic colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: The management of unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is a comprehensive treatment strategy involving several lines of therapy, maintenance, salvage surgery, and treatment-free intervals. Besides chemotherapy (fluoropyrimidine, oxaliplatin, irinotecan), molecular-targeted agents such as anti-angiogenic agents (bevacizumab, aflibercept, regorafenib) and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents (cetuximab, panitumumab) have become available. Ultimately, given the increasing cost of new active compounds, new strategy trials are needed to define the optimal use and the best sequencing of these agents. Such new clinical trials require alternative endpoints that can capture the effect of several treatment lines and be measured earlier than overall survival to help shorten the duration and reduce the size and cost of trials. METHODS/DESIGN: STRATEGIC-1 is an international, open-label, randomized, multicenter phase III trial designed to determine an optimally personalized treatment sequence of the available treatment modalities in patients with unresectable RAS wild-type mCRC. Two standard treatment strategies are compared: first-line FOLFIRI-cetuximab, followed by oxaliplatin-based second-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab (Arm A) vs. first-line OPTIMOX-bevacizumab, followed by irinotecan-based second-line chemotherapy with bevacizumab, and by an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibody with or without irinotecan as third-line treatment (Arm B). The primary endpoint is duration of disease control. A total of 500 patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to one of the two treatment strategies. DISCUSSION: The STRATEGIC-1 trial is designed to give global information on the therapeutic sequences in patients with unresectable RAS wild-type mCRC that in turn is likely to have a significant impact on the management of this patient population. The trial is open for inclusion since August 2013. TRIAL REGISTRATION: STRATEGIC-1 is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01910610, 23 July, 2013. STRATEGIC-1 is registered at EudraCT-No.: 2013-001928-19, 25 April, 2013.

Descripció geoambiental i paisatgística del sistema platja-duna de cala Borró (cap Ras, Alt Empordà- Costa Brava, Girona)

The geoambiental and landscape description of the beach-dune system of Cala Borró, (Cap Ras), placed in the town of Colera (Alt Empordà), is carried out. The dunar system, developed with orientation and N-S, links three beach pockets following the topographic slopes of the torrential basins. We find coalescence of dunes in the upper zones, which were possibly an object of reafforestation in the 19thC. to avoid erosion

Freqüência de mutação no códon 12 do gene K-ras no carcinoma ductal invasivo de mama

Objetivo: pesquisar a freqüência de mutação pontual no códon 12 do gene K-ras, em espécimes cirúrgicos de pacientes portadoras de carcinoma ductal invasivo de mama. Material e Métodos: foram utilizados cortes de 50 espécimes cirúrgicos incluídos em blocos de parafina, de pacientes portadoras de carcinoma ductal invasivo de mama, com graus histológicos II e III. Os cortes destinados ao estudo foram desparafinizados e submetidos a extração do DNA, por meio do emprego da proteinase K. Para a amplificação do fragmento a ser analisado, utilizou-se a reação em cadeia da polimerase, seguida por clivagem com o emprego de enzima de restrição de comprimento variável (RFLP). A verificação da presença de mutação nas amostras foi feita com o emprego de eletroforese em gel de agarose, com marcador de peso molecular "Ladder 123" (GIBCO-BRL), e a documentação dos resultados, mediante fotografia, utilizando-se luz ultravioleta transmitida. Resultados: em cinco dos 50 carcinomas ductais invasivos de mama estudados (10%) constatou-se a presença de mutação no códon 12 do gene K-ras, sendo todas elas polimórficas para esse caráter. As afetadas pelos tumores, que apresentavam a referida mutação, encontravam-se na pós-menopausa. Em quatro dos cinco casos em que se constatou a mutação, o grau histológico dos tumores era II e no caso restante III.

Paimionjoen säännöstelyn kehittäminen : Paimionjoen vesistön yläosan hydraulinen mallinnus HEC-RAS ohjelmistolla

Paimionjoen järviketjulla vedenpinnan ja virtaaman vaihteluiden on koettu aiheuttavan haittaa vesistön käytölle ja tilalle. Kevätkuopan alhaisuus ja takaisinvirtaus Painiojärveen ovat suurimmat ongelmat. Turun kaupungin vesiliikelaitoksen Halisten vesilaitoksen tuotantotoiminnan loppuminen antaa uusia mahdollisuuksia Paimionjoen järviketjun säännöstelyyn, koska järvien rooli Turun seudun raakaveden varastona muuttuu. Tässä raportissa tarkastellaan Paimionjoen yläosasta tehtyä hydraulista mallinnusta, jossa on testattu erilaisia pato- ja juoksutusvaihtoehtoja Paimionjoen järviketjulla sekä niiden vaikutuksia vedenkorkeuksiin ja virtaamiin. Myös ruoppausta Karjakosken ja Hovirinnankosken väliselle osuudelle on käsitelty lyhyesti. Erilaisista skenaarioista on tehty alustavat vaikutusarviot. Mallinnusten perusteella suurempi tai aikaistettu juoksutus pienentää takai-sin-virtausta, muttei estä sitä kokonaan. Juoksutusta ei kuitenkaan välttämättä pysty lisäämään miten haluaa, koska juoksutuksen suuruus riippuu Hovirinnankoskenpadon alapuolisesta vedenpinnankorkeudesta. Ruoppaamalla Hovirinnankosken ja Karjakosken välistä osuutta Hovirinnankosken alapuolista vedenpintaa voisi saada alennettua ja osuuden vetokykyä parannettua sekä tulvimisherkkyyttä pienennettyä. Kevätkuopan pienennys vähentää takaisinvirtausta ja on myös järvien ekosysteemeille hyväksi. Tulvariskin kasvu tulee kuitenkin ottaa huomioon. Painionjärvi toimii tulvatilanteissa paisumisaltaana. Kaikenlainen takaisinvirtaaman estäminen tai pienentäminen johtaa suurempiin juoksutuksiin Hovirinnankoskella tai/ja järviketjun kasvaneisiin vedenkorkeuksiin ja mahdollisesti tulviin. Erilaisten tulvakorkeuksien mahdolliset riskirajat ja vahingot tulee selvittää, jos tulvariskiä kasvatetaan.

Normal HC11 and ras-transformed mouse mammary cells are resistant to the antiproliferative effects of retinoic acid

The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of retinoic acid on the growth of the mouse mammary cells HC11 and HC11ras, which are a model for in vitro breast cancer progression. The expression of the two classes (RARs and RXRs) of retinoic acid receptor mRNAs was determined by Northern blot analysis. Receptor functional integrity was determined by testing whether RAR ß mRNA could be induced by retinoic acid. The effects of a 72-h exposure to 50 µM 13-cis retinoic acid on HC11 and HC11ras cell proliferation and HC11 cell differentiation were investigated by flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, and by determination of ß-casein mRNA expression, respectively. The possibility that retinoic acid would induce the expression of the vitamin D receptor and synergize with vitamin D, a known inhibitor of HC11 cell growth, was also investigated. HC11 cells expressed higher mRNA levels of both RAR a and RAR g when compared to HC11ras cells. In contrast, RAR ß, as well as RXR a, ß and g expression was low in both HC11 and HC11ras cells. In addition, RAR ß mRNA was induced by retinoic acid treatment in both cells. In spite of these observations, no effects were seen on cell proliferation or differentiation upon exposure to retinoic acid. Neither vitamin D receptor induction nor synergy with vitamin D on growth inhibition was observed. We conclude that the RAR expression profile could be related to the transformed state in HC11ras cells and that the retinoic acid resistance observed merits further investigation.

Spectrum of K ras mutations in Pakistani colorectal cancer patients

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is increasing daily worldwide. Although different aspects of CRC have been studied in other parts of the world, relatively little or almost no information is available in Pakistan about different aspects of this disease at the molecular level. The present study was aimed at determining the frequency and prevalence of K ras gene mutations in Pakistani CRC patients. Tissue and blood samples of 150 CRC patients (64% male and 36% female) were used for PCR amplification of K ras and detection of mutations by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis, restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. The K ras mutation frequency was found to be 13%, and the most prevalent mutations were found at codons 12 and 13. A novel mutation was also found at codon 31. The dominant mutation observed was a G to A transition. Female patients were more susceptible to K ras mutations, and these mutations were predominant in patients with a nonmetastatic stage of CRC. No significant differences in the prevalence of K ras mutations were observed for patient age, gender, or tumor type. It can be inferred from this study that Pakistani CRC patients have a lower frequency of K ras mutations compared to those observed in other parts of the world, and that K ras mutations seemed to be significantly associated with female patients.