999 resultados para Programas de Transferência Condicionada de Renda
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ
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El propósito de esta investigación es identificar cuáles han sido las tendencias determinantes para la construcción de la visión de pobreza del DNP durante el periodo 2002-2014.
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Algumas das famílias da Aldeia Te’yikue (Caarapó) vivem em condições de alta vulnerabilidade social, algumas inclusive em condições de pauperismo com diferentes determinantes sociais de saúde, como uso abusivo de álcool e substancias ilícitas, negligencia familiar, desnutrição infantil em toda as suas formas, patologias determinadas pela alimentação inadequada e suas conseqüências. Após ouvir a comunidade, suas lideranças e de discutir e planejar juntos surge a vontade das forças atuante na Reserva relativo a formulação de um Projeto de Intervenção voltado para a auto-sustentabilidade, além de fomentar e dar continuidade a uma intervenção já existente e realizada em anos anteriores por uma Unidade Experimental de manejo e cultivos de diferentes alimentos. O Projeto de Intervenção da inicio com um total de 55 famílias, sendo 14 destas famílias nominadas como “Famílias Espelhos”, ou seja, são famílias que dentro da ótica inicial do projeto já encontraram uma forma de subsistência através da Agrofloresta. O tempo estimado para a implantação do projeto foi de 1 ano e 6 meses com a peculiaridade de que o mesmo estabeleça sua própria dinâmica dentro da comunidade, ou seja que este possa aumentar o numero de “Famílias Espelhos” e que estas possam recuperar o cultivo tradicional de suas roças, minimizando a dependência de programas de transferência de rendas e oferecendo segurança alimentar a população em destaque.
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Brazilian public policy entered in the so-called new social federalism through its conditional cash transfers. States and municipalities can operate together through the nationwide platform of the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP), complementing federal actions with local innovations. The state and the city of Rio de Janeiro have created programs named, respectively, Renda Melhor (RM) and Família Carioca (FC). These programs make use of the operational structure of the BFP, which facilitates locating beneficiaries, issuing cards, synchronizing payment dates and access passwords and introducing new conditionalities. The payment system of the two programs complements the estimated permanent household income up to the poverty line established, giving more to those who have less. Similar income complementation system was subsequently adopted in the BFP and the Chilean Ingreso Ético Familiar, which also follow the principle of estimation of income used in the FC and in the RM. Instead of using the declared income, the value of the Rio cash transfers are set using the extensive collection of information obtained from the Single Registry of Social Programs (Cadastro Único): physical configuration of housing, access to public services, education and work conditions for all family members, presence of vulnerable groups, disabilities, pregnant or lactating women, children and benefits from other official transfers such as the BFP. With this multitude of assets and limitations, the permanent income of each individual is estimated. The basic benefit is defined by the poverty gap and priority is given to the poorest. These subnational programs use international benchmarks as a neutral ground between different government levels and mandates. Their poverty line is the highest of the first millennium goal of the United Nations (UN): US$ 2 per person per day adjusted for the cost of living. The other poverty line of the UN, US$ 1.25, was implicitly adopted as the national extreme poverty line in 2011. The exchange of methodologies between federal entities has happened both ways. The FC began with the 575,000 individuals living in the city of Rio de Janeiro who were on the payroll of the BFP. Its system of impact evaluation benefited from bi-monthly standardized examinations. In the educational conditionalities, the two programs reward students' progress, a potential advantage for those who most need to advance. The municipal program requires greater school attendance than that of the BFP and the presence of students’ parents at the bimonthly meetings held on Saturdays. Students must achieve a grade of 8 or improve at least 20% in each exam to receive a bi-monthly premium of R$50. In early childhood, priority is given to the poor children in the program Single Administrative Register (CadÚnico) to enroll in kindergarten, preschools and complementary activities. The state program reaches more than one million people with a payment system similar to the municipal one. Moreover, it innovates in that it transfers awards given to high school students to savings accounts. The prize increases and is paid to the student, who can withdraw up to 30% annually. The total can reach R$3,800 per low-income student. The State and the city rewarded already education professionals according to student performance, now completing the chain of demand incentives on poor students and their parents. Increased performance is higher among beneficiaries and the presence of their guardians at meetings is twice compared to non beneficiaries; The Houston program, also focuses on aligning the incentives to teachers, parents and students. In general, the plan is to explore strategic complementarities, where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The objective is to stimulate, through targets and incentives, synergies between social actors (teachers, parents, students), between areas (education, assistance, work) and different levels of government. The cited programs sum their efforts and divide labor so as to multiply interactions and make a difference in the lives of the poor.
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This study aims to analyze the main effect of social programs and cash transfers on the labor supply of non-farm family members in poverty in rural areas of the Northeast. Among the specific objectives, we sought to investigate the effects of these programs and individual characteristics on the decision of participation and allocation of working hours of parents and children in non-agricultural activities. It was assumed, as a theoretical basis, the model of neoclassical labor supply as well as the principle that the decision of allocation of working hours, non-agricultural, is subject to the initial choice of the worker devote or not the non-agricultural employment . The hypothesis assumes that access to social programs and income transfer contributes to the dismay of rural workers, in poverty, in its decision to participate and offer hours of work in non-agricultural activities. To achieve this objective, we applied the models of Heckman (1979) and Double Hurdle, of Cragg (1971), consisting of associating the decision to participate in the labor market with the decision on the amount of hours allocated. The database used was the National Survey by Household Sampling (PNAD) of 2006. The results of the heads of households showed that transfers of income, although they may have some effect on labor supply rural nonfarm, the magnitude has to say that there may be some dependence on benefits. The estimates for the joint children of 10 to 15 years showed that the programs have negatively influenced participation in suggesting an increase in school participation, although for the allocation of working hours the results were not significant on the incidence of child labor
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This article deals with the conditioned income-transfer developed by the governments of Lula and Dilma, in the Brazilian case, and by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, in Argentina. In other words, the programs Bolsa Família and "Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social". They are comparatively analyzed with regard to their institutionality, the access criteria, the conditionings and the concept of poverty, in order to discuss whether they constitute or not a social right and the relative importance of the amount given.
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A Tese aborda um tema da maior relevância na economia brasileira: a renda dos trabalhadores dos diversos setores da economia em um contexto de inflação ascendente, abordando a interação entre salários reais de setores sindicalizados e competitivos e sua dependência com as taxas de inflação e mecanismos de indexação, onde os testes empíricos ratificam os resultados encontrados no modelo teórico.
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A proposta desta dissertação de mestrado é retratar a trajetória das políticas de renda mínima e bolsa escola no sistema de proteção social brasileiro. Além de resgatar os debates teórico e histórico que envolvem o tema, temos como maior preocupação mostrar como algumas questões federativas têm afetado decisivamente a implementação destes programas, desde as primeiras iniciativas subnacionais até a adoção de programas nacionais com clara interface intergovernamental. Duas grandes questões conduzem a discussão. A primeira diz respeito à eficácia da renda mínima como política de combate à pobreza e à desigualdade. A outra se refere ao estudo do impacto do arranjo institucional sobre estes programas. Para resgatar a dívida social brasileira não basta apenas identificarmos a melhor política (mais eficiente, eficaz e efetiva); é igualmente fundamental criar condições institucionais para o seu êxito. O argumento central do trabalho é que o modelo federativo e o processo de descentralização influenciaram diretamente o desenvolvimento dos programas de renda mínima no Brasil, sendo determinantes para o seu bom desempenho. Este trabalho visa a enriquecer a atual discussão sobre o melhor caminho para a reestruturação do nosso sistema de proteção social, tendo em vista que a redução da pobreza, além de fundamental para a democracia, é estratégica para a obtenção de desenvolvimento real e sustentado.
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A pobreza no Brasil é um problema histórico e tem sido alvo de diversas intervenções governamentais, a iniciativa que melhor retrata esse fato é o Programa Bolsa Família-PBF. Este trabalho investiga o efeito desse programa sobre o estado nutricional das crianças e adolescentes beneficiadas. Para tanto, foram utilizados os dados da Pes-quisa de Orçamentos Familiares (2008/2009), conjuntamente com o método Propensity Score Matching-PSM. A caracterização nutricional foi realizada com base em recentes recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde-OMS. A amostra estudada inclui crianças e adolescentes menores de 19 anos de idade, permitindo-se efeitos heterogê-neos do programa entre as áreas urbanas e rurais do país. Os resultados indicam que o PBF melhorou os indicadores nutricionais daqueles que pertenciam ao grupo de tra-tamento. Além da transferência de renda, acredita-se que as condicionalidades nas áreas da saúde e educação possam explicar parte desse resultado.
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The Family Scolarship Program while public politics of intersectorial form developed by Social Development Department and Famine Combat having with partner the Education Department and Health Department inaugurate in the country a new integrity way of the public politics, reinforcing a precept of 2004 Social Protection National Politics (PNAS 2004) that places the social protection while allied to the social and human development. The research INCOME TRANSFER AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: the family scolarship program in Pedra Grande-RN municipally had as aim to avaluate the permanent Family Scolarship Program as a possible element in local development of Pedra Grande-RN municipally understood as capacity expansion and improvement of life quality from its users. For this means we elaborate specifically the families` socio-economical profile; we avaluate the program repercussion in these families` lives; we analyse in which proportion occurred the capacity expansion and improvement of life quality of the users. The methodologic process was constituted by: literarture review about Income Transfer, Social Vulnerability, Development and Public Politics Avaluation to the criation of a theoric picture analysis. The documental research joined to the Social Development Department and Famine Combat of Pedra Grande Municipally Hall to obtain of the aims, program goals, and the profile of users. And finally, carrying out the interviews with the managers and experts of the Municipally Program and focal groups with the users to avaluate the permanent of the Program starting by the points of view of those ones. It was verified that the program expand the capacity (food, consumer goods and services, bank services access and wages) and improvement in life quality of the users. Nevertheless, there are deficiencies in coming with conditionality and from the use of resources the by families users