Evaluation of TRMM PR Sampling Error Over a Subtropical Basin Using Bootstrap Technique

Quantitative use of satellite-derived rainfall products for various scientific applications often requires them to be accompanied with an error estimate. Rainfall estimates inferred from low earth orbiting satellites like the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) will be subjected to sampling errors of nonnegligible proportions owing to the narrow swath of satellite sensors coupled with a lack of continuous coverage due to infrequent satellite visits. The authors investigate sampling uncertainty of seasonal rainfall estimates from the active sensor of TRMM, namely, Precipitation Radar (PR), based on 11 years of PR 2A25 data product over the Indian subcontinent. In this paper, a statistical bootstrap technique is investigated to estimate the relative sampling errors using the PR data themselves. Results verify power law scaling characteristics of relative sampling errors with respect to space-time scale of measurement. Sampling uncertainty estimates for mean seasonal rainfall were found to exhibit seasonal variations. To give a practical example of the implications of the bootstrap technique, PR relative sampling errors over a subtropical river basin of Mahanadi, India, are examined. Results reveal that the bootstrap technique incurs relative sampling errors < 33% (for the 2 degrees grid), < 36% (for the 1 degrees grid), < 45% (for the 0.5 degrees grid), and < 57% (for the 0.25 degrees grid). With respect to rainfall type, overall sampling uncertainty was found to be dominated by sampling uncertainty due to stratiform rainfall over the basin. The study compares resulting error estimates to those obtained from latin hypercube sampling. Based on this study, the authors conclude that the bootstrap approach can be successfully used for ascertaining relative sampling errors offered by TRMM-like satellites over gauged or ungauged basins lacking in situ validation data. This technique has wider implications for decision making before incorporating microwave orbital data products in basin-scale hydrologic modeling.

Common effect of chemical and external pressures on the magnetic properties of RCoPO (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm). II.

We investigate the direct correspondence between Co band ferromagnetism and structural parameters in the pnictide oxides RCoPO for different rare-earth ions (R = La, Pr, Nd, Sm) by means of muon-spin spectroscopy and ab initio calculations, complementing our results published previously G. Prando et al., Common effect of chemical and external pressures on the magnetic properties of RCoPO (R = La, Pr), Phys. Rev. B 87, 064401 (2013)]. We find that both the transition temperature to the ferromagnetic phase T-C and the volume of the crystallographic unit cell V are conveniently tuned by the R ionic radius and/or external pressure. We report a linear correlation between T-C and V and our ab initio calculations unambiguously demonstrate a full equivalence of chemical and external pressures. As such, we show that R ions influence the ferromagnetic phase only via the induced structural shrinkage without involving any active role from the electronic f degrees of freedom, which are only giving a sizable magnetic contribution at much lower temperatures.

Two bifurcation transitions of the floating half zone convection in a fat liquid bridge of larger Pr

The transient process of the thermocapillary convection was obtained for the large Pu floating half zone by using the method of three-dimensional and unsteady numerical simulation. The convection transits directly from steady and axisymmetric state to oscillatory flow for slender liquid bridge, and transits first from steady and axisymmetric convection to the steady and non-axisymmetric convection, then, secondly to the oscillatory convection for the fatter liquid bridge. This result implies that the volume of liquid bridge is not only a sensitive critical parameter for the onset of oscillation, but also relates to the new mechanism for the onset of instability in the floating half zone convection even in case of large Prandtl number fluid.

Las motivaciones personales fundamentales. Piedras angulares de la existencia

El desarrollo y la realización personal dependen, según el Análisis Existencial, del éxito en la confrontación con los “Temas Existenciales” de la vida. En el Análisis Existencial moderno la multiplicidad de estos temas pudo ser reducida a cuatro estructuras, que es posible considerar fundamentos de una existencia realizada, y pueden servir de modelos para una “pedagogía existencial” como para una “psicología existencial” y psicoterapia existencial, siempre orientada al desenvolvimiento de la persona; su bloqueo o un desarrollo insuficiente llevan, por el contrario, a trastornos psíquicos. La condición existencial del ser humano es básicamente dialógica, los temas fundamentales están en el acuerdo con lo fáctico y las condiciones del Dasein, con el hecho de la propia vida y con sus sentimientos y relaciones, con su propia individualidad (ser uno mismo, autonomía, autenticidad), y en definitiva, con el proceso de llegar a ser, que implica futuro y sentido.

Proper orthogonal decomposition of oscillatory Marangoni flow in half-zone liquid bridges of low-Pr fluids

Proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) using method of snapshots was performed on three different types of oscillatory Marangoni flows in half-zone liquid bridges of low-Pr fluid (Pr = 0.01). For each oscillation type, a series of characteristic modes (eigenfunctions) have been extracted from the velocity and temperature disturbances, and the POD provided spatial structures of the eigenfunctions, their oscillation frequencies, amplitudes, and phase shifts between them. The present analyses revealed the common features of the characteristic modes for different oscillation modes: four major velocity eigenfunctions captured more than 99% of the velocity fluctuation energy form two pairs, one of which is the most energetic. Different from the velocity disturbance, one of the major temperature eigenfunctions makes the dominant contribution to the temperature fluctuation energy. On the other hand, within the most energetic velocity eigenfuction pair, the two eigenfunctions have similar spatial structures and were tightly coupled to oscillate with the same frequency, and it was determined that the spatial structures and phase shifts of the eigenfunctions produced the different oscillatory disturbances. The interaction of other major modes only enriches the secondary spatio-temporal structures of the oscillatory disturbances. Moreover, the present analyses imply that the oscillatory disturbance, which is hydrodynamic in nature, primarily originates from the interior of the liquid bridge. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Sapientia, 1956, Vol. XI, nº 39-40 (número completo)

Nota: Homenaje a Octavio Nicolás Derisi en sus veinticinco años de docencia filosófica.

Dios entre las mónadas : la centralidad del tema de Dios en algunas tesis metafísicas de G. W. Leibniz

Resumen: En el presente trabajo buscaremos introducir ciertas tesis distintivas del pensamiento de Leibniz en lo que respecta a su metafísica subrayando el papel de Dios en cada una de ellas. Fundamentalmente, las tesis a tratar son la teoría de las mónadas y dos teorías que se siguen de ella: la de la armonía preestablecida y la del mejor de los mundos posibles. Además, buscaremos mostrar que las pruebas de la existencia de Dios (o al menos dos de ellas: el denominado “argumento cosmológico” y el denominado “ontológico”), poseen subyacentemente una fundamentación metafísica. En este sentido, no nos centraremos en las pruebas mismas sino en su fundamentación.

Existencia y donación : tres momentos de una experiencia

Resumen: El trabajo trata de poner en evidencia ayudado por la obra de Edith Stein, una experiencia humana que ha sido formulada filosóficamente de diferentes maneras en tres momentos de la historia, el medieval, el moderno y el de nuestros contemporáneos: la experiencia de la existencia como donación. Señala también algunas derivaciones para la ética de esta experiencia y su comprensión filosófica en la articulación de la categoría del don con la de la presencia personal y la libertad

Kurt Gödel y San Agustín : platonismo matemático y la existencia de Dios

Resumen: El trabajo explica el siguiente razonamiento: si las verdades matemáticas no son creación humana, entonces necesariamente hay que aceptar la existencia de un Intelecto Eterno que sea su sustento metafísico. La premisa es defendida a partir del descubrimiento gödeliano de la imposibilidad de formalizar la totalidad de las matemáticas en un sistema deductivo formal. A partir de allí se muestra la necesidad de admitir una existencia eidética objetiva de las “entidades matemáticas”. Luego, tomando un argumento de San Agustín en De libero arbitrio, se llega a la necesidad de la existencia de Dios como Intelecto que sostiene el ser de las Ideas.

半浮区小Pr数液桥热毛细对流的实验探讨

研究了半浮区汞液桥实验装置，以探讨小Prandtl数流体的热毛细对流及其不稳定性。发展了非接触光学监测汞桥的表面流动及形变的方法。实验观察热毛细对流及其受表面膜的影响，证明表面膜的形成严重抑制了与热毛细对流有关的行为。实验给出发生振荡的条件及其特征。实验表明：所观察到的临界Marangoni数远比数值模拟值为高。讨论了表面膜的生成条件和过程，以及所观察到的有表面膜情况下的表面振荡现象。并给出了该振荡的特征和频率。

Os desafios, os impactos e a gestão da exploração do pré-sal

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

O pré-sal e o aquecimento global

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

A cessão onerosa de áreas do pré-sal e a capitalização da Petrobrás

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

A proposta do Poder Executivo para o marco legal do Pré-sal

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídrico e Energéticos.

Juventude em revolta : o Pró-Sinase e a realidade do Distrito Federal

Trata do Programa de Implementação do Sistema Nacional de Atendimento Socioeducativo (Pró-Sinase) e a realidade no Distrito Federal, assunto relevante para o contexto atual, objetivando analisar a realidade das Unidades Executoras das medidas socioeducativas de internação, internação provisória, e semiliberdade. Pretende verificar, à luz do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, da Resolução nº 46 do Conselho Nacional dos Direitos da Criança e do Adolescente (Conanda) e das diretrizes do Pró-Sinase, qual o provável distanciamento das condições das Unidades de Atendimento Socioeducativo em relação ao que determinam os instrumentos legais, nos seguintes aspectos: gestão dos programas, parâmetros de gestão pedagógica no atendimento socioeducativo e os parâmetros arquitetônicos para Unidades de Atendimento Socioeducativo.