Helminths of lizards from the municipality of Aripuanã in the southern Amazon region of Brazil

Ninety-five specimens from 13 species of lizard collected during a herpetofaunal monitoring programme of the Faxinal II power plant, municipality of Aripuanã, state of Mato Grosso, Brazil (southern Amazon region) were examined for helminths. A total of 21 helminth species (16 Nematoda, 1 Cestoda and 4 Trematoda) were recovered, with an overall prevalence of 67.37%. Seventeen new host records and seven new locality records are reported. A low number of specialists and core helminth species were found. Lizard body size was positively correlated with both the total number of helminth species and individuals. Active foragers exhibited higher helminth diversity. However, sit-and-wait foragers, especially Plica plica, had similar diversity values as active foragers and harboured more helminth species. The degree of similarity in helminth fauna was higher among closely related host species. Copyright © 2011 Cambridge University Press.

Fenótipo Lewis negativo: potencial fator de risco para infecção por cepa RH de Toxoplasma gondii em gestantes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Potencial de leveduras isoladas do solo e do filoplano de plantas cítricas no biocontrole de doenças de pós-colheito de citros

Pós-graduação em Microbiologia Agropecuária - FCAV

Zoneamentos agroecológicos e seus reflexos no desenvolvimento da produção agrícola familiar municipal no estado do Pará: a questão da seguridade alimentar da população local

A região amazônica representa atualmente um conjunto de conflitos de interesses, que apresentam como eixos centrais à questão ecológica e a necessidade de garantir a sobrevivência da população local municipal. O presente trabalho discute a eficiência, eficácia e efetividade de parte dos Zoneamentos Agroecológicos realizados pela Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária EMBRAPA, através de sua Unidade Descentralizada no Pará, Centro de Pesquisa Agroflorestal da Amazônia Oriental Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, nos anos de 1975, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 e 2004, quando atendeu dezenas de solicitações, por parte de gestores municipais, estaduais e federais (Instituições e governos), do Estado do Pará, no que tange aos reflexos do seu uso ou desuso, como instrumento de planejamento para o desenvolvimento endógeno desses municípios, principalmente àqueles ligados a garantia da seguridade alimentar da população neles residentes, de produtos como: Arroz (Oriza sativa) e Feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), produzidos por pequenos produtores familiares, que segundo Costa (1973) trata-se do grupo formado por aqueles agricultores que utilizam módulos de terra de até duzentos hectares, e, que noventa e cinco por cento da mão-de-obra... ocupada com as atividades agrícolas, é familiar. Nessa pesquisa, serão avaliados os zoneamentos ecológicoeconômicos dos municípios, pertencentes à microrregião de Paragominas: Abel Figueirêdo, Rondon do Pará, Paragominas e Bom Jesus do Tocantins. De antemão, sabe-se que somente os ZEE, não representam in totum, uma panacéia (remédio para todos os males), mas trata-se de uma ferramenta potente para planificar o uso do território e da terra e ajudaria bastante quando utilizado para definição das áreas potencialmente promissoras para produção de alimentos básicos.

Envelhecimento e doenças neurodegenerativas crônicas na Amazônia brasileira: implantação de novas metodologias de avaliação em pacientes com declínio cognitivo leve e doença de Alzheimer

Em 2025 o número de idosos no mundo irá dobrar e por volta de 2050 alcançará dois bilhões de indivíduos, estando a maioria em países desenvolvidos. A doença de Alzheimer (DA) é a quarta doença que mais compromete a qualidade de vida dos idosos. Este trabalho pretende sugerir novas metodologias de avaliação de pacientes com declínio cognitivo e doença de Alzheimer, apresentando uma versão brasileira a partir da versão original em língua inglesa intitulada “Test Your Memory” TYM (“teste sua memória- TSM), bem como mostrar os resultados do desempenho dos idosos na bateria de testes neuropsicológicos de Cambridge (CANTAB). Trata-se de estudo analítico, transversal retrospectivo do tipo caso-controle, realizado em pacientes do ambulatório de Geriatria do Hospital Universitário João de Barros Barreto, e em voluntários da comunidade no período de janeiro de 2009 a janeiro de 2011. Participaram 95 indivíduos com 65 ou mais anos de idade, divididos em 3 grupos: Alzheimer (DA, n=21), declínio cognitivo (DCL, n=31) e controle (n=43). Foram excluídos pacientes com história de acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), depressão primária, trauma cranioencefálico, outras demências, outras patologias neuropsiquiátricas e déficits visuo-auditivos limitantes. Os participantes foram submetidos à avaliação inicial, triagem com GDS-5 e DSM-IV, ao Questionário Internacional de Atividades Físicas (IPAQ), testes neuropsicológicos da bateria CERAD, teste do relógio, TSM (versão adaptada para o Português) e a bateria de Alzheimer do CANTAB. A análise estatística foi realizada empregando-se ANOVA, um critério, definindo-se o valor p<0,05 como significante. Houve predomínio em todos os grupos de indivíduos do gênero feminino, de cor parda, na faixa etária de 70 a 79 anos. A média de pontuação do MEEM entre os três grupos foi diferente (controle: 26,6±2,2; DCL: 25,1±2,6; DA: 17,3±4,9; p<0,05), entretanto o TSM mostrou ser uma ferramenta de triagem mais confiável para distinguir os pacientes DCL dos DA (controle: 42,4±5; DCL: 35,5±7,7; DA: 25,7±8; p<0,01). Na lista de palavras do CERAD, teste do relógio, TNBR e na fluência verbal fonológica os três grupos apresentaram diferenças significantes na média de pontos obtidos. A média da pontuação total no TSM foi significativamente menor nos grupos DCL e DA do que no grupo controle, e no grupo DA em relação ao DCL. Os testes e medidas do CANTAB que separam os três grupos pelo desempenho obtido são: RVP A‟, número de tentativas para o sucesso e total de erros na fase de 6 figuras do PAL. Foram encontradas boas correlações entre o TSM e outros testes, principalmente com o MEEM (Coeficiente de Pearson, r = 0,79; p<0,0001) e teste do relógio (r = 0,76; p<0,0001), bem como boa correlação entre as medidas do PAL e a pontuação do TSM e o MEEM. O nível de atividade física no grupo controle foi maior do que em todos os outros grupos. Ao ser correlacionado o nível de atividade física e o desempenho nos testes cognitivos, não foram observadas diferenças significativas nos diferentes grupos, exceto pela evocação de palavras no grupo DCL. Tomados em conjunto os resultados sugerem que a aplicação de testes neuropsicológicos automatizados associados aos testes da rotina clínica e ao TSM aumentam a resolução e a confiabilidade das análises particularmente no estágio inicial das síndromes demenciais onde a precocidade e a precisão diagnóstica são fundamentais para orientar as ações terapêuticas, sejam elas medicamentosas e/ou comportamentais.

Prevalência de anticorpos anti-vírus da hepatite A em escolares no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia

A avaliação da prevalência de anticorpos contra o vírus da Hepatite A foi realizada no período de setembro a dezembro de 2000, em 185 escolares de níveis sócio-econômicos distintos, na faixa etária entre seis e quinze anos, em duas escolas no município de Porto Velho, Rondônia, utilizando teste imunoenzimático comercial (DiaSorin) para detecção de anticorpos anti-VHA Totais e IgM. Foram avaliados 90 escolares de nível sócio-econômico médio e alto, procedentes de Escola Privada, e 95 de baixo nível sócio-econômico, de Escola Pública. Dos 90 escolares da Escola Privada, 45 (50%) apresentaram positividade ao teste para detecção de anticorpos anti-VHA Totais e deste, 4 (8,9%) foram soropositivos ao anti-VHA IgM, enquanto na Escola Pública, dos 95 estudantes, 90 (94,7%) apresentaram anticorpos anti-VHA Totais e destes, apenas 1 (1,1%) apresentou anticorpos anti-VHA IgM (p< 0,05). As faixas etárias entre 12 e 14 anos na Escola Privada, e 8 e 10 anos na Escola Pública, apresentaram maior prevalência de anticorpos anti-VHA. Não houve diferença significativa de prevalência de anti-VHA entre os sexos, nos dois grupos estudados (p>0,05). Fatores como renda familiar, destino dos dejetos domiciliares e qualidade de água consumida também foram estudados e relacionados à prevalência de anti-VHA, apresentando diferenças significativas entre os grupos. Os resultados deste estudo mostraram que a HVA é endêmica na região, e que, medidas como melhoria nas condições sanitárias do município são necessárias para diminuir a propagação do VHA na população.

Applying boron to coconut palm plants: effects on the soil, on the plant nutritional status and on productivity boron to coconut palm trees

Boron, one of the micronutrients frequently found in low levels in tropical soils affects nutrition and productivity of coconut palm trees essentially cultivated in tropical climates. The objective of this research study was to evaluate the effect of boron on the nutritional status of the plant and its productivity when artificially applied to the culture soil. The experiment was carried out in a four year old, artificially irrigated, dwarf coconut palm orchard in Brazil, between January, 2005 and October, 2006. The soil was a red yellow Latosol (B: 0.18 mg dm(-3)). The treatments consisted in the application of five boron dosages: zero, 1, 2, 4, and 6 kg ha(-1). In the field, the treatments were arranged according to a completely randomized block design, with four replications. Boron (borax) dosages were applied in equal halves directly into the soil in the months of January and February of 2005. Boron concentration in the soil and plant and plant productivity were evaluated. The higher palm tree production was associated to levels of 0.6mg dm(-3) of B in the soil and 23.5mg kg(-1) in leaves. Ninety five percent of palm trees maximum production was obtained with the use of a boron dosage of 2,1kg ha(-1).

Short-term changes in handgrip strength, body composition, and lymphedema induced by breast cancer surgery

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Le(a-b-) phenotype: potential risk factor for infection by the RH strain of Toxoplasma gondii in pregnancy

The Lewis histo-blood group system is characterized by the expression of the Lea and Le(b) antigens in the gastrointestinal tract, whose synthesis results in interactions between alpha 2-L-fucosyltransferase (FUTII) and alpha 3/4-L-fucosyltransferase (FUTIII) enzymes coded by the FUT2 (19q. 13.3) and FUT3 (19p13.3) genes. FUTII and FUTIII fucosylate the type 1 oligosaccharide precursor (Gal beta 1 -> 3NAcGlc beta 1 -> 3-R) at distinct positions to form H type 1 (Fuc alpha 1. 2Gal beta 1. 3NAcGlc beta 1 -> 3-R) and Le(a) (Gal beta 1 -> 3[Fuc alpha 1 -> 4] NAcGlc beta 1 -> 3-R) antigens, respectively. The fucosylation of H type 1 antigens by FUTIII results in the Leb antigen (Fuc alpha 1. 2Gal beta 1. 3[Fuca1. 4] NAcGlc beta 1. 3-R). Thus, the presence of the FUTII and FUTIII enzymes leads to the expression of the Le(a+b+) phenotype, while the presence of only FUTIII allows the expression of the Le(a+b-) phenotype. The absence of the FUTIII enzyme leads to the expression of the Le(a-b-) phenotype, independent of the presence or absence of FUTII. Point mutations in FUT2 and FUT3 genes change the activity of these enzymes, impair the synthesis of Le(a) and Le(b) antigens, and contribute to the variability of Lewis phenotypes in the gastrointestinal tract. Toxoplasma gondii, an apicomplexan parasite that infects a large proportion of the world's population, utilizes the gastrointestinal tract as an infection route and seems to adhere to glycosylated molecules to invade human cells. These apparently independent events may be related. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that there is an association between the Lewis histo-blood group system and infection by T. gondii. Two hundred and nine serum samples collected from pregnant women were submitted to screening tests to detect anti-T. gondii antibodies, employing the indirect hemagglutination method. ELISA was utilized to identify IgG class anti-T. gondii antibodies specific for the RH strain. A hundred and ninety-five samples with concordant results for both methods were selected to form two groups: seropositive (G1) and seronegative (G2). The G428A mutation of the FUT2 gene, and T202C and C314T of the FUT3 gene, which allow inference of the gastrointestinal tract Lewis phenotypes, were identified using PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSP methods, respectively. Among the 195 samples selected, 116 (59.5%) were seropositive and 79 (40.5%) were seronegative. In G1, 68 (58.6%) were classified as Le(a+b+), 30 (25.9%) as Le(a+b-), and 18 (15.5%) as Le(a-b-), and in G2, 67 (84.8%) were classified as Le(a+b+), 12 (15.2%) as Le(a+b-), and 0 (0%) as Le(a-b-) (P < 0.0001). The Le(a-b-) phenotype is associated with a high risk of RH strain T. gondii infection when compared with the Le(a+b+) [P = 0.0001; OR = 36,460; 95%CI = 2.152-617,680] and Le(a+b-) phenotypes [P = 0.0118; OR = 15,165; 95%CI = 0.8463-271,710]. The Le(a+b-) phenotype showed a higher risk compared to the Le(a+b+) phenotype [P = 0.0206; OR = 2463; 95%CI = 2463-5214]. The results suggest that the Le(a-b-) phenotype is strongly associated with a greater risk of infection by the RH strain of T. gondii compared to the other phenotypes. It is possible that the absence of fucosylation of the type 1 oligosaccharide precursor as well as the variations in the structures of the Le(a) and Le(b) antigens influence susceptibility to infection by this parasite.

As Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação TIC na formação de professores em educação sexual: o caso das E-Oficinas na I COES

This article aims to describe how ICT can contribute to the training of teachers on sex education through the lived experience with the implementation of Workshops, which occurred on I COES - I Conference online of sexual education. This Conference was organized by the University of Lisbon-PT, in partnership with UNESP, SP and SC-UDESC. I COES involved education professionals, who work directly in the school to discuss and exchange their experiences related to sexuality education and related fields, through an online space. The research on teacher formation, initial and continuing on sexuality, sex education, gender and sexual diversity, have demonstrated the need to promote and encourage teachers from all areas, to adopt an intentional and emancipatory, their role as sexual educators . Through web conferencing tool Cisco System, I COES was enable the interaction and questioning of ninety five teachers from various parts of Brazil and Portugal, providing opportunities for rich moments of dialogue and reflection on the issues already mentioned, referring to the brazilian and portuguese realities.

Long-Term Adult Population Fluctuations and Distribution of the Spot, Leiostomus xanthurus, in Mississippi

Adult specimens of the spot. Leiostomus xanthurus, were collected from bayou, Mississippi Sound, and barrier island locations along the Gulf Coast of Mississippi from November 1982 to July 1989. 7he mean total length of all spot sampled in comparable gill net sets was 219 mm (± 14 standard deviation, n=4,338). Ninety-five percent of the spot were collected in the island and sound areas, where the salinity was higher than in the bayous. Catch per unit effort was high at island and sound stations in spring and autumn, with relatively few fish caught during the winter spawning season and summer. The relatively high frequency of spot observed at the island stations in the autumn was probably influenced by spawning migrations, and the high spring values may represent a combination of two abundant year classes. The two greatest yearly collections, in 1983 and 1986, may have been influenced by sampling conditions or by environmental conditions favorable to survival either during those years or earlier when those fish were postlarvae. The smallest yearly catch occurred in 1985 and may have reflected the harsh weather conditions that year.

An Uphill Battle: Incorporating cooperative learning using a largely individualized curriculum

In this action research study of my classroom of 8th grade mathematics, I investigated if cooperative learning could be an effective teaching method with the Saxon curriculum. Saxon curriculum is largely individualized in that most lessons could be completed without much group interaction. I discovered that cooperative learning was very successful with the curriculum as long as it was structured. Ninety-five percent of the students in the study preferred to work in groups, and I observed mathematical communication grow with most of the students. As a result of this research, I plan to continue to incorporate cooperative learning into my mathematics classroom. I will use cooperative learning with all of my mathematics classes, even the ones that do not use the Saxon curriculum. I believe in the power of working together.

Thymopoiesis and regulatory T cells in healthy children and adolescents

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between T cell receptor excision circle levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and regulatory T cells that co-express CD25 and Foxp3 in healthy children and adolescents of different ages. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The quantification of signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circle levels in the genomic DNA of peripheral blood mononuclear cells was performed using real-time quantitative PCR. The analysis of CD4, CD8, CD25, and Foxp3 expression was performed using flow cytometry. RESULTS: Ninety-five healthy controls (46 females and 49 males) ranging in age from 1 to 18 years were analyzed. The mean T-cell receptor excision circle count in all individuals was 89.095 +/- 36.790 T-cell receptor excision circles per microgram of DNA. There was an inverse correlation between T-cell receptor excision circles counts and age (r = -0.846; p < 0.001) as well as between the proportion of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and age (r = -0.467; p = 0.04). In addition, we observed a positive correlation between the amount of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) T cells and the amount of T-cell receptor excision circles per microgram of DNA in individuals of all ages (r = -0.529; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we observed a decrease in the thymic function with age based on the fact that the level of T-cell receptor excision circles in the peripheral blood positively correlated with the proportion of regulatory T cells in healthy children and adolescents. These findings indicate that although T-cell receptor excision circles and regulatory T cells levels decrease with age, homeostasis of the immune system and relative regulatory T cells population levels are maintained in the peripheral blood.

Quantification of Orbital Apex Crowding for Screening of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy Using Multidetector CT

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: DON, a serious complication of GO, is frequently difficult to diagnose clinically in its early stages because of confounding signs and symptoms of congestive orbitopathy. We evaluated the ability of square area measurements of orbital apex crowding, calculated with MDCT, to detect DON. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients with GO were studied prospectively with complete neuro-ophthalmologic examination and MDCT scanning. Square measurements were taken from coronal sections 12 mm, 18 mm, and 24 mm from the interzygomatic line. The ratio between the extraocular muscle area and the orbital bone area was used as a Cl. Intracranial fat prolapse through the superior orbital fissure was recorded as present or absent. Severity of optic nerve crowding was also subjectively graded on corona! images. Orbits were divided into 2 groups (with or without clinical evidence of DON) and compared. RESULTS: Ninety-five orbits (36 with and 59 without DON) were studied. The CIs at all 3 levels and the subjective crowding score were significantly greater in orbits with DON (P<.001). No significant difference was observed regarding intracranial fat prolapse (P=.105). The area under the ROC curves was 0.91, 0.93, and 0.87 for CIs at 12, 18, and 24 mm, respectively. The best performance was at 18 mm, where a cutoff value of 57.5% corresponded to 91.7% sensitivity, 89.8% specificity, and an odds ratio of 97.2 for detecting DON. A significant correlation (P<.001) between the CIs and VF defects was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Orbital Cls based on area measurements were found to predict DON more reliably than subjective grading of orbital crowding or intracranial fat prolapse.

Three-dimensional Doppler evaluation of single spherical samples from the placenta: intra- and interobserver reliability

Objective To evaluate the intra- and interobserver reliability of assessment of three-dimensional power Doppler (3D-PD) indices from single spherical samples of the placenta. Methods Women with singleton pregnancies at 2440 weeks' gestation were included. Three scans were independently performed by two observers; Observer 1 performed the first and third scan, intercalated by the scan of Observer 2. The observers independently analyzed the 3D-PD datasets that they had previously acquired using four different methods, each using a spherical sample: random sample extending from basal to chorionic plate; random sample with 2 cm3 of volume; directed sample to the region subjectively determined as containing more color Doppler signals extending from basal to chorionic plate; or directed sample with 2 cm3 of volume. The vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI) and vascularization flow index (VFI) were evaluated in each case. The observers were blinded to their own and each other's results. Additional evaluation was performed according to placental location: anterior, posterior and fundal or lateral. Intra- and interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC). Results Ninety-five pregnancies were included in the analysis. All three placental 3D-PD indices showed only weak to moderate reliability (ICC < 0.66 and ICC < 0.48, intra- and interobserver, respectively). The highest values of ICC were observed when using directed spherical samples from basal to chorionic plate. When analyzed by placental location, we found lower ICCs for lateral and fundal placentae compared to anterior and posterior ones. Conclusion Intra- and interobserver reliability of assessment of placental 3D-PD indices from single spherical samples in pregnant women greater than 24 weeks' gestation is poor to moderate, and clinical usefulness of these indices is likely to be limited. Copyright (c) 2012 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.