Perineal incision into the corpus spongiosum penis to resolve persistent post urination haemorrhage after partial phallectomy

Partial phallectomy or en bloc resection are surgical methods to address pathological conditions of the penis and/or prepuce including neoplasia, trauma, habronemiasis, chronic paraphimosis or permanent penile paralysis, and priapism. Haemorrhage associated with urination is a common complication observed after penile surgery but usually resolves spontaneously without specific treatment. This report describes a case of post urination haemorrhage (PUH) that recurred with each urination and persisted without significant improvement for a period of 2 weeks following en bloc resection of the penis and the prepuce. A perineal incision (PI) into the corpus spongiosum of the penis (CSP) resolved PUH by decreasing the blood pressure in the CSP distal to the PI. We propose that PI of the CSP can be an effective method to address PUH after penile surgery and may decrease time of hospitalisation for horses affected with PUH after phallectomy procedures.

Retrospective study of indications for and outcome of perineal urethrostomy in cats

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate indications for and outcome of perineal urethrostomy in cats. METHODS: The medical records of 59 cats that had undergone perineal urethrostomy were evaluated. Short-term follow up information (for a period of four weeks following surgery) was available for all of the cats. Long-term follow up information (for a period of at least four months) was available for 39 cats. RESULTS: Early complications occurred in 25.4 per cent of cats and late complications were observed in 28.2 per cent of cats. The most frequent late complication was recurring bacterial urinary tract Infection. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Despite frequent complications and recurring signs of lower urinary tract disease, 32.2 per cent of the cats had a disease-free long-term outcome (mean four years, median 3.9 years), and 88.6 per cent of clients interviewed thought that their cats had a good quality of life after surgery.

De las tallas perineales y del cateterismo perineal forzado /

Mode of access: Internet.

Does post-caesarean dyspareunia reflect sexual malfunction, pelvic floor and perineal dysfunction?

The aim was to define post-caesarean dyspareunia as a sexual and pelvic-perineal symptom. Post-caesarean (80 elective, 104 emergency) and 100 vaginally delivered primiparae had domiciliary interviews at 10 months postpartum. A total of 50 (28% and 27%) post-caesarean and 46 (46%) vaginally delivered, reported dyspareunia. Severely impaired general sexual health occurred in 82 (24% elective, 25% emergency, 35% vaginally delivered) as category 3 (dyspareunia with sexual symptoms) and 27 (10% elective, 7% emergency, 12% vaginally delivered) as category 4 (reduced frequency <6). The risk of dyspareunia (RR 1.14, CI 0.73, 1.77) or impaired general sexual health (RR 0.93, CI 0.32, 2.74) was similar among those with or without perineal trauma. Both caesarean and perineal scars were associated with sexual malfunction. Primiparae with new incontinence had a lower risk of dyspareunia than impaired general sexual health. Awareness of the associations of post-caesarean dyspareunia and impaired general sexual health with incontinence would facilitate appropriate obstetric decision-making. Further research is indicated. © 2011 Informa UK, Ltd.

Hernia perineal canina: reconstrucción del diafragma pélvico con malla de polipropileno a través de doble abordaje

La hernia perineal es una patología que se presenta en el macho de la especie canina de forma casi exclusiva, apareciendo de forma muy esporádica en la hembra y el gato, pero no se presenta en las otras especies domésticas. Se ha descrito en la especie humana sobre todo asociada a cirugías agresivas del abdomen caudal y siempre en relación a trastornos del suelo pélvico. En el perro la hernia perineal se produce por un fallo del diafragma pélvico, en el que destaca la atrofia y a veces la total desaparición del M. elevador de ano de forma uni- o bilateral. La debilidad-ausencia-desaparición de este músculo conduce a un posicionamiento más caudal de todos los órganos contenidos en el canal pélvico, vejiga, próstata, uretra post prostática, grasa periprostática y recto. Aparece en un rango muy amplio de edades aunque su tendencia más frecuente es alrededor de los 7-8 años de edad. Las manifestaciones clínicas de la hernia varían en función de la gravedad y antigüedad del proceso; el síntoma más frecuente es el estreñimiento y la deformación (tumefacción) de la fosa isquiática, pero se han descrito también la diarrea paradójica, vómitos y hasta la anuria obstructiva. La etiología de la hernia perineal esta poco clara, aunque existen diferentes hipótesis relacionadas con fenómenos que producen estreñimiento como hipertrofia prostática, o la existencia de quistes prostáticos y/o paraprostáticos. También se ha relacionado con saculitis o con la existencia de hernias inguinales. Otras teorías han relacionado la hernia con trastornos hormonales, desequilibrios entre receptores de andrógenos/estrógenos. Recientemente se la ha relacionado con la producción de relaxina en los quistes prostáticos y por último se la ha relacionado con alteraciones neurológicas del plexo pudendo. Pero lo cierto es que los porcentajes de perros con enfermedad prostática son muy altos sobre todo a partir de los 7- 8 años de edad y la incidencia de la hernia es muy baja. Tampoco todos los animales que padecen la hernia tienen quistes prostáticos y existen muchos animales con grandes quistes que no la desarrollan. En resumen, esta afección parece ser multifactorial aunque la lesión es siempre la misma, la debilidad progresiva del diafragma y la falta de funcionalismo hace el resto. Respecto a la cirugía ofrece también dificultades, se han descrito varias técnicas y las que mejores resultados ofrecen son las basadas en la elevación del obturador interno. No obstante en ocasiones este músculo también se encuentra atrofiado y la restauración del plano anatómico no es todo lo sólida que se desearía por lo cual se añade a la elevación del obturador, la utilización de mallas de polipropileno, la sobreposición del m. glúteo caudal, del músculo semitendinoso o la fijación intrabdominal de la vejiga, colon y conductos deferentes. A pesar de todo las recidivas siguen presentándose, aunque cada vez en menor porcentaje según las técnicas desarrolladas con posterioridad.

Small bowel occlusion due to giant perineal hernia: abdominal approach with plastic perineal reconstruction

A perineal hernia is defined as a protrusion of peritoneal or extraperitoneal content through a pelvic floor defect. A 64-year-old woman with a bowel occlusions due to a giant postoperative perineal hernia was admitted to our hospital. We describe abdominal approach with plastic perineal reconstruction.

Reconstrucción perineal con colgajo fasciocutáneo de glúteo mayor en V-Y: experiencia de 5 años

Antecedentes y Objetivos. La cirugía colorrectal y ginecológica precisa a menudo la resección de grandes áreas de tejido en la región perineal. En ocasiones es posible el cierre directo, pero a veces se necesitan técnicas reconstructivas. Una de las más extendidas para la reconstrucción perineal es la utilización de los colgajos fasciocutáneos en V-Y diseñados en la región anatómica del glúteo mayor. Pacientes y Método. Desde 2005 hasta 2011 hemos llevado a cabo reconstrucción del periné con el colgajo fasciocutáneo de avance en V-Y del glúteo mayor basado en sus perforantes en 7 pacientes. El tamaño de los defectos varió desde 50a 400 cm². Resultados. La estancia hospitalaria media fue de 36.8 días. Cuatro pacientes sufrieron complicaciones en la zona operada (57%): 2 necesitaron una segunda intervención por sufrir dehiscencia; 1 tuvo una infección de la herida quirúrgica, y 1 desarrolló una fístula perianal. El paciente de más edad (80 años) falleció por complicaciones cardiovasculares durante el postoperatorio. Conclusiones. El colgajo fasciocutáneo de avance en V-Y basado sobre la región glútea, es una técnica segura, de fácil ejecución y mínima morbilidad, para la reconstrucción de pequeños y grandes defectos de la región perineal. Si bien en pacientes tratados previamente con radioterapia es aconsejable pensar en el uso de colgajos a distancia.

Estudo comparativo entre eletrodo fixo e eletrodo móvel (caneta) no fortalecimento perineal

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Médicas, 2011.

Feature-based tracking of urethral motion in low-resolution trans-perineal ultrasound

This paper describes a novel algorithm for tracking the motion of the urethra from trans-perineal ultrasound. Our work is based on the structure-from-motion paradigm and therefore handles well structures with ill-defined and partially missing boundaries. The proposed approach is particularly well-suited for video sequences of low resolution and variable levels of blurriness introduced by anatomical motion of variable speed. Our tracking method identifies feature points on a frame by frame basis using the SURF detector/descriptor. Inter-frame correspondence is achieved using nearest-neighbor matching in the feature space. The motion is estimated using a non-linear bi-quadratic model, which adequately describes the deformable motion of the urethra. Experimental results are promising and show that our algorithm performs well when compared to manual tracking.

Feature-based tracking of urethral motion in low-resolution trans-perineal ultrasound

This paper describes a novel algorithm for tracking the motion of the urethra from trans-perineal ultrasound. Our work is based on the structure-from-motion paradigm and therefore handles well structures with ill-defined and partially missing boundaries. The proposed approach is particularly well-suited for video sequences of low resolution and variable levels of blurriness introduced by anatomical motion of variable speed. Our tracking method identifies feature points on a frame by frame basis using the SURF detector/descriptor. Inter-frame correspondence is achieved using nearest-neighbor matching in the feature space. The motion is estimated using a non-linear bi-quadratic model, which adequately describes the deformable motion of the urethra. Experimental results are promising and show that our algorithm performs well when compared to manual tracking.

Resultados da cirurgia de reservatórios ileais em pacientes com doença de Crohn

BACKGROUND: Total rectocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis is the choice surgical procedure for patients with ulcerative colitis. In cases of Crohn's disease post-operative diagnosis, it can be followed by pouch failure. AIM: To evaluate ileal pouch-anal anastomosis long-term outcome in patients with Crohn's disease. METHODS: Between February 1983 and March 2007, 151 patients were submitted to ileal pouch-anal anastomosis by Campinas State University Colorectal Unit, Campinas, SP, Brazil, 76 had pre-operative ulcerative colitis diagnosis and 11 had post-operative Crohn's disease diagnosis. Crohn's disease diagnosis was made by histopathological biopsies in nine cases, being one in surgical specimen, two cases in rectal stump, small bowel in two cases, ileal pouch in three and in perianal abscess in one of them. The median age was 30.6 years and eight (72.7%) were female. RESULTS: All patients had previous ulcerative colitis diagnosis and in five cases emergency colectomy was done by toxic megacolon. The mean time until of Crohn's disease diagnosis was 30.6 (6-80) months after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis. Ileostomy closure was possible in 10 cases except in one that had ileal pouch fistula, perianal disease and small bowel involvement. In the long-term follow-up, three patients had perineal fistulas and one had also a pouch-vaginal fistula. All of them were submitted to a new ileostomy and one had the pouch excised. Another patient presented pouch-vaginal fistula which was successfully treated by mucosal flap. Three patients had small bowel involvement and three others, pouch involvement. All improved with medical treatment. Presently, the mean follow-up is 76.5 months and all patients are in clinical remission, and four have fecal diversion. The remaining patients have good functional results with 6-10 bowel movements/day. CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease diagnosis after ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis may be usual and later complications such fistulas and stenosis are common. However, when left in situ ileal pouch is associated with good function.

A NOTES Modification of the Transanal Pull-Through

Transanal endorectal pull-through (TAEPT) surgery is primarily performed for rectosigmoid aganglionosis, generally with excellent results. There is evidence that overstretching the anus and tension traction in the sigmoid during the procedure could impair the final continence of the patient. Many researchers suggest the use of small umbilical or laparoscopic access to aid in colon mobilization, thus preventing excessive handling within the anal canal. We assumed that transabdominal mobilization of the sigmoid could be prevented by utilizing the NOTES (natural orifices transluminal endoscopic surgery) technique. We performed a TAEPT with NOTES access of the sigmoid vascular pedicle, keeping the surgery exclusively transanal, which prevented scars in the abdomen and minimized the stretching of perineal structures.

Analysis of pelvic floor musculature function during pregnancy and postpartum: a cohort study

Aim. To compare the measurements of women`s pelvic floor musculature strength (PFMS) during pregnancy and postpartum period. Background. Pregnancy and childbirth can have an influence on the muscles and pelvic floor and can cause morbidities of women`s genito-urinary tract. Design. A prospective cohort study. Methods. There were included 226 primigravidae women, attended by community health services in the city of Itapecerica da Serra, Sao Paulo, Brazil. The participants were followed in four stages: (1) within 12 weeks of pregnancy; (2) between 36-40 weeks of pregnancy; (3) within 48 hours after childbirth; (4) 42-60 days after childbirth. Data were collected from February 2007-August 2008. The pelvic floor musculature strength was evaluated by perineometry and digital vaginal palpation in stages 1, 2 and 4. The final sample included 110 women who completed all four stages of the study. Results. The pelvic floor musculature strength of the women did not change significantly during pregnancy or after delivery (anova: p = 0 center dot 78). In all three examined stages, a low-intensity pelvic floor musculature strength was prevalent (in mmHg: stage 1 = 15 center dot 9; stage 2 = 15 center dot 2, stage 4 = 14 center dot 7), with scores from 0-3 on the Oxford scale. The pelvic floor musculature strength did not differ in relation to maternal age, skin colour, conjugal status, dyspareunia, stool characteristics, type of delivery, or conditions of the perineum. An interaction between maternal nutritional state and newborn`s weight may affect the pelvic floor musculature strength (manova: p = 0 center dot 04). Conclusion. Pregnancy and childbirth did not reduce significantly pelvic floor musculature strength. The perineometry and digital vaginal palpation used to assess the pelvic floor musculature strength were well accepted by the women. Relevance to clinical practice. In clinical practice, digital vaginal palpation is effective for supporting the diagnosis of urinary, intestinal and sexual dysfunctions. Perineometry use is particularly important together with the performance of perineal exercises with biofeedback in the treatment these disorders.