Efficient edge domination in regular graphs

An induced matching of a graph G is a matching having no two edges joined by an edge. An efficient edge dominating set of G is an induced matching M such that every other edge of G is adjacent to some edge in M. We relate maximum induced matchings and efficient edge dominating sets, showing that efficient edge dominating sets are maximum induced matchings, and that maximum induced matchings on regular graphs with efficient edge dominating sets are efficient edge dominating sets. A necessary condition for the existence of efficient edge dominating sets in terms of spectra of graphs is established. We also prove that, for arbitrary fixed p ≥ 3, deciding on the existence of efficient edge dominating sets on p-regular graphs is NP-complete. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Electrochemical and quantum chemical investigations of the insecticide fipronil.

This work describes an electrochemical and quantum chemical investigation of the fipronil insecticide. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) experiments were performed over a graphite-polyurethane (GPU) composite electrode. The fipronil molecule presents an one?electron irreversible oxidation reaction. Profiting the SWV signal a square wave stripping voltammetry (SWSV) procedure to determine the fipronil molecule in a 0.10 mol L-1 Britton-Robinson buffer solution, pH 8.0 was developed with accumulation potential and time of 0.50 V and 120 s, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 0.80 and 2.67 ?g L-1, respectively. Recovery tests were performed in three natural waters samples with values ranging from 99.67 to 101.37%. Quantum chemical studies showed that the nitrogen atom of the pyrazole group is the most probable oxidation site of the fipronil molecule.

Pot una escola unitària, mitjançant la seva acció, modificar els pressupostos generals de l'Estat?. '¿Puede una escuela unitaria, mediante su acción, modificar los presupuestos generales del Estado?

Se analiza la relación entre la escuela y su entorno. Se pretende unir las tareas nuevas de la escuela con la realidad del contexto de la zona geográfica donde se encuentra la escuela. Con esta idea se presenta un proyecto socio-educativo que tenga como objetivo fomentar esta relación entre el centro educativo y el entorno más cercano .

Una escuela unitaria en el congreso.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Naturaleza, ecología y enseñanza.

Analizar los cambios surgidos en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales en España desde las primeras décadas del siglo XIX hasta los años 70 del siglo XX, viendo cómo se produce la evolución desde un estudio sistemático y descriptivo de la naturaleza hasta un enfoque ambientalista o ecológico. Comienza con una revisión de publicaciones sobre historia de las Ciencias Naturales y de la Ecología realizadas por científicos e historiadores. También se consultan fuentes secundarias relativas a aspectos históricos, culturales, científicos, sociales y políticos de los siglos XIX y XX. Se revisa la legislación educativa española durante dicha época en el Archivo General de la Administración de Alcalá de Henares, para comprobar los planes y programas escolares en la legislación española y cómo la enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales evoluciona desde el siglo XIX hasta adquirir un enfoque ecológico en el XX. Con esta finalidad, también se revisa el Archivo Histórico de la Universidad Complutense. Continúa con el análisis de obras sobre Pedagogía de las Ciencias Naturales así como sobre excursiones y colonias escolares, escuelas agrícolas y el material bibliográfico relacionado con la Institución Libre de Enseñanza. Se realiza un inventario bibliográfico de libros de texto de Historia Natural, Ciencias Naturales, Biología y Ecología desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX hasta finales de los años 60 del siglo XX. Se revisan los libros de texto escritos por naturalistas y profesores de Ciencias Naturales. También se analizan obras y propuestas pedagógicas de famosos pedagogos de la época. Finalmente se consultan obras acerca de la educación en España desde finales del XIX hasta la actualidad. Revisión y consulta de fuentes primarias y secundarias en archivos y bibliotecas seguida de un análisis e interpretación de las mismas. La introducción del estudio de la Naturaleza en la enseñanza española se produce en 1845 con el Plan Pidal, que centraliza la educación española y trata de secularizar la sociedad; los estudios de Ciencias Naturales se regulan en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX; el primer Libro de texto español que incluye Ecología en el temario es la 'Biología' de Enrique Rioja y Orestes Cendrero de 1927; a partir de 1960, la investigación relacionada con la Ecología se incrementa al igual que el número de Publicaciones y de tesis doctorales sobre el tema.

El ser humano en el teatro de Esquilo: la bipolaridad mujer varón.

El tópico del sexo débil lo encontramos desde lejos ya en Esquilo. En las dificultades la mujer ha de recurrir al padre, hermano, en definitiva, al hombre. Electra es el motor de la venganza, pero Orestes el que la realiza. La mujer es el prototipo de la falta de valor. Cuando hay que llamar a un hombre cobarde, se le compara con la mujer. La mujer según Esquilo, muchos defectos: amiga del lujo, irreflexiva, inestable emocionalmente, caprichosa, vengativa, infiel, dominada por el sexo. La mujer es habitualmente la perdición de los hombres. La ideal es virgen, alegre. Es respetada en función del matrimonio y el no casarse es una desgracia. La mujer no debe conocer más placer que el de su marido. La esposa perfecta es sumisa, fiel, dulce, es la que gobierna la casa y debe permanecer en ella porque lo que es de fuera le atañe al varón. Este es sobreestimado con respecto a la mujer. La prudencia aconseja elegir consorte de la clase a la que se pertenece. Se rechazan las bodas incestuosas. El adulterio es una infidelidad y está mal visto. Existe el amor en el matrimonio, es habitual que una esposa reciba con ternura a su esposo que regresa a sus casa después de una larga ausencia. El amor tiene que ver mucho con el deseo.

La escuela unitaria y la modificación de los presupuestos generales del Estado.

Ante el retroceso socioeconómico del pueblo de Mala (Haría. Lanzarote) se acomete el proyecto.

U-Pb zircon and (40)Ar-(39)Ar K-feldspar dating of syn-sedimentary volcanism of the Neoproterozoic Marica Formation: constraining the age of foreland basin inception and inversion in the Camaqua Basin of southern Brazil

New U-Pb zircon and (40)Ar-(39)Ar K-feldspar data are presented for syn-sedimentary volcanogenic rocks from the Neoproterozoic Marica Formation, located in the southern Brazilian shield. Seven (of nine) U-Pb sensitive high-resolution ion microprobe analyses of zircons from pyroclastic cobbles yield an age of 630.2 +/- 3.4 Ma (2 sigma), interpreted as the age of syn-sedimentary volcanism, and thus of the deposition itself. This result indicates that the Marica Formation was deposited during the main collisional phase (640-620 Ma) of the Brasiliano II orogenic system, probably as a forebulge or back-bulge, craton-derived foreland succession. Thus, this unit is possibly correlative of younger portions of the Porongos, Brusque, Passo Feio, Abapa (Itaiacoca) and Lavalleja (Fuente del Puma) metamorphic complexes. Well-defined, step-heating (40)Ar-(39)Ar K-feldspar plateau ages obtained from volcanogenic beds and pyroclastic cobbles of the lower and upper successions of the Marica Formation yielded 507.3 +/- 1.8 Ma and 506.7 +/- 1.4 Ma (2 sigma), respectively. These data are interpreted to reflect total isotopic resetting during deep burial and thermal effects related to magmatic events. Late Middle Cambrian cooling below ca. 200 degrees C, probably related to uplift, is tentatively associated with intraplate effects of the Rio Doce and/or Pampean orogenies (Brasiliano III system). In the southern Brazilian shield, these intraplate stresses are possibly related to the dominantly extensional opening of a rift or a pull-apart basin, where sedimentary rocks of the Camaqua Group (Santa Barbara and Guaritas Formations) accumulated.

Lithium reduces Gsk3b mRNA levels: implications for Alzheimer Disease

There is evidence of increased systemic expression of active GSK3B in Alzheimer`s disease patients, which apparently is associated with the formation of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Due to its central role in the pathogenesis of AD, GSK3B is currently a promising target of the pharmaceutical industry. Whilst trials with specific GSK inhibitors in AD are under way, major attention has been focused on the neuroprotective effects of lithium. Whereas the direct and indirect inhibitory effects of lithium over GSK3 activity have been documented by several groups, its effects over Gsk3 transcription have not yet been addressed. We used quantitative PCR to evaluate the transcriptional regulation of Gsk3a and Gsk3b in lithium-treated primary cultures of rat cortical and hippocampal neurons. We found a significant and dose-dependent reduction in the expression of Gsk3b, which was specific to hippocampal cells. This same effect was further confirmed in vivo by measuring Gsk3 expression in different brain regions and in peripheral leukocytes of adult rats treated with lithium. Our studies show that LiCl can modulate Gsk3b transcription in vitro and in vivo. This observation suggest new regulatory effects of lithium over Gsk3b, contributing to the better understanding of its mechanisms of action, offering a new and complementary explanation for Gsk3b modulation and reinforcing its potential for the inhibition of key pathological pathways in Alzheimer`s disease.

Como o tradicionalismo gaúcho ensina sobre masculinidade

Nesta dissertação, discuto e analiso alguns dos modos pelos quais o Tradicionalismo Gaúcho “ensina” sobre masculinidade. O estudo desenvolvido fundamenta-se nos campos dos Estudos Feministas e dos Estudos Culturais, especificamente naquelas vertentes que têm proposto uma aproximação crítica com a perspectiva pós-estruturalista. Utilizando a abordagem da análise cultural examinei três documentos que têm sido considerados como sendo “textos fundadores” do Movimento Tradicionalista Gaúcho, quais sejam: a tese “O Sentido e o Valor do Tradicionalismo Gaúcho”, de autoria de Luiz Carlos Barbosa Lessa, a “Carta de Princípios do Tradicionalismo Gaúcho” e o “Manual do Tradicionalista”, ambos de autoria de Glaucus Saraiva. As análises desenvolvidas permitem argumentar que este movimento, desde a criação do primeiro Centro de Tradições Gaúchas (CTG), em 1948, em Porto Alegre, investiu na “preservação” de uma tradição gaúcha interiorana e rural e esta preservação deveria se processar dentro ou em torno dos CTG’s; neste processo foram sendo produzidas representações de gaúcho as quais atravessam e instituem o que chamei, aqui, de “pedagogia tradicionalista” com a qual se buscava - e ainda se busca – ensinar, especialmente aos meninos, modos adequados de sentir, comportar-se e viver como um “gaúcho de verdade”.

Determinação da contribuição especifica de um produto dentro de uma empresa diversificada : estudo de caso : recomendação sobre a descontinuação ou não do produto

É um estudo de caso com o objetivo de recomendar a descontinuação ou não de um produto específico dentre os diversos produtos da empresa ABC. A demonstração de resultados do produto (XYZ), está sujeita a distorções decorrentes da inadequação dos critérios de apropriações que mascaram esta demonstração. A empresa ABC utiliza esta medida de lucratividade distorcida como parâmetro para definição dos níveis de investimentos, e formação de preços neste produto. Não existem cálculos de Retorno sobre Investimento ou Valor Presente de Fluxo de Caixa que permita uma comparação com outras opções de investimentos em relação ao produto XYZ. Nesta dissertação avalia-se a variação no fluxo de caixa da empresa ABC relativa à saída do produto XYZ. Os resultados obtidos suportam a recomendação mencionada

Comportamento ingestivo e produção de cordeiros em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) manejada em diferentes alturas

Realizou-se um experimento na Estação Experimental Agronômica - UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, objetivando avaliar o desempenho de cordeiros e o seu comportamento ingestivo em pastagem de azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam), estabelecidas por semeadura direta e mantidas em diferentes alturas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completamente casualizados com quatro tratamentos (5, 10, 15 e 20 cm de altura) e 3 repetições. Foram utilizados cordeiros inteiros em pastejo contínuo com lotação variável. As alturas foram mensuradas através de um bastão medidor graduado. Avaliaram-se parâmetros de desempenho individual dos animais e ganho por área. O comportamento ingestivo dos animais foi determinado através do registro do tempo de pastejo, ruminação e descanso em três ocasiões. As taxas de acúmulo de matéria seca foram estimadas por gaiolas. Amostras de 0.25m2 foram cortadas para estimar a massa de lâminas foliares verdes, colmo, e material senescente. O experimento foi dividido em dois períodos: o período 1, compreendido entre o início do experimento até 14/09, quando as alturas pretendidas estabilizaram-se, e o período 2, compreendido entre os dias 15/09 e 11/11. Os parâmetros de desempenho, por área e por animal, não se mostraram significativos no período 1. O oposto ocorreu no período 2, em que todos os parâmetros de produção, tanto da pastagem quanto animal, mostraram-se significativos resultando em modelos quadráticos em relação à altura da pastagem. As diferentes alturas em que a pastagem foi mantida afetaram a sua produtividade, bem como sua estrutura, o que influenciou diretamente o comportamento ingestivo dos animais.

Gestão de satisfação e fidelidade do cliente na hotelaria :um estudo sobre os fatores que influenciam a satisfação e a fidelidade do turista internacional no Brasil

The objective of this thesis was studying the factors which contribute to customer s satisfaction and loyalty, focusing the Norwegian model of satisfaction and loyalty of the consumer, applied in the sector of hotel services in Natal/RN, Brazil. The theoretical research was led through the concepts of service quality, customer satisfaction and loyalty, models of quality management systems, national index of customer s satisfaction and methods which evaluate the customer s satisfaction. The field research was carried through from December 1st of 2004 to 24 st, among 381 international tourists who had been housed in the hotels of Natal. The analyses of the data had been made through the descriptive statistics and analysis of multiple regression. The results had evidenced that the main precedents variables of satisfaction had been: hotel s room, staff friendliness, hotel restaurant food and price paid; these are factors which explained, in 56,0% the variation of satisfaction with hotels. In relation to the constructs which had influenced the tourist s loyalty, were founds: tourist s satisfaction, hotel image and affective commitment, which had explained 53.0% of the data variability. The complaint management resulted as a basic factor for the tourist s satisfaction and loyalty

A oficina como método de desenvolvimento de projeto do produto aplicado à atividade jangadeira de Ponta Negra Natal-RN

The jangadas (brazilian fishing rafts) are rudimentary artisanal vessels intrinsic to the Northeast of Brazil. The fishery with jangadas is highly representative in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, and source of income for many families in addition to being a strong cultural icon. Is still alive despite the difficulties, bringing the history and customs of the fishermen and their people. However, is in process of extinction due to factors such as the low profitability of the activity, tourism and urbanization. From the understanding of activity involving their context and circumstances, based on identified problems regarding the conditions of use of jangadas as the unpredictability, the risk of accidents, poor working conditions, hygiene and housing, this dissertation aims to: analyzing the design of the jangada on the beach of Ponta Negra and its relationship with the activity in relation to health, safety, productivity and environment, and from such assessments, together with the results achieved during the workshops of the project, proposing a cart to move the raft, adapted to the local fisherman activity studied. To perform analysis of jangadeira activity, we used a methodology based on ergonomic work analysis - AET (WISNER, 1987; GUÈRIN, 2001; VIDAL, 2008, SALDANHA, 2004 and Carvalho, 2005). For data collection were used observational and interaction methods as a conversational action, verbalizations, photographs and video. It is emphasized that the search for solutions appropriate to the jangadeira activity was possible through the collaboration of several people, not just an informational level and understanding during the work activity, but effectively contributing to the making decisions

Elaboração de um plano de gerenciamento integrado de resíduos sólidos no restaurante universitário da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte

The concern about preservation of the environment reaches different layers and sections of global society. The environmental prior quality of our planet can only be reached through changes in the attitudes taken in relation due to the waste generated by society, this also lead involving the education sector, in example of the Superior Education Institutions where the concept of ambiental management needs to gain a growing space.In the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, can be found the Universitary Restaurant as an example of a Food and Nutrition Unit, it is a restaurant destined to provide services to the academic comunity with the production and distribution of meals. In this operational context the work itself aims subsidies and funds to the search of as minimal generation of residues as possible, applying environmentally correct processes and practices. The work was developed in the period of September to October of 2009 in the Universitary Campus of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in the Universitary Restaurant of the referred institution. The project involved all the employees of the restaurant and used like method the action survey. The produced waste was characterized, arranged according with it s nature (organic or inorganic) classificated following the NBR ISO 14004, adapted by Kinasz (2004) that adjusts the Standards to the specific reality of Food and Nutrition Services being diagnosed an expressive amount of produced waste in the Universitary Restaurant, it can be assured that a culture of wasting is very present and exists, contributing to the rise of solid residues, damaging the environment and consequently reflecting in the costs and expenses of the Unity, a known fact that characterizes and justifies the need of a promoting and active action that leads to positive reflexes in the economic and environmental area, drafting a Plan for Integrate Management of Solid Residues on the Universitary Restaurant of Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte