The sequence comparison index: A novel method for comparing proteins and proteomes

Historically morphological features were used as the primary means to classify organisms. However, the age of molecular genetics has allowed us to approach this field from the perspective of the organism's genetic code. Early work used highly conserved sequences, such as ribosomal RNA. The increasing number of complete genomes in the public data repositories provides the opportunity to look not only at a single gene, but at organisms' entire parts list. ^ Here the Sequence Comparison Index (SCI) and the Organism Comparison Index (OCI), algorithms and methods to compare proteins and proteomes, are presented. The complete proteomes of 104 sequenced organisms were compared. Over 280 million full Smith-Waterman alignments were performed on sequence pairs which had a reasonable expectation of being related. From these alignments a whole proteome phylogenetic tree was constructed. This method was also used to compare the small subunit (SSU) rRNA from each organism and a tree constructed from these results. The SSU rRNA tree by the SCI/OCI method looks very much like accepted SSU rRNA trees from sources such as the Ribosomal Database Project, thus validating the method. The SCI/OCI proteome tree showed a number of small but significant differences when compared to the SSU rRNA tree and proteome trees constructed by other methods. Horizontal gene transfer does not appear to affect the SCI/OCI trees until the transferred genes make up a large portion of the proteome. ^ As part of this work, the Database of Related Local Alignments (DaRLA) was created and contains over 81 million rows of sequence alignment information. DaRLA, while primarily used to build the whole proteome trees, can also be applied shared gene content analysis, gene order analysis, and creating individual protein trees. ^ Finally, the standard BLAST method for analyzing shared gene content was compared to the SCI method using 4 spirochetes. The SCI system performed flawlessly, finding all proteins from one organism against itself and finding all the ribosomal proteins between organisms. The BLAST system missed some proteins from its respective organism and failed to detect small ribosomal proteins between organisms. ^

AMS radiocarbon dates and pollen analysis of ODP Hole 175-1078C

ODP Site 1078 situated under the coast of Angola provides the first record of the vegetation history for Angola. The upper 11 m of the core covers the past 30 thousand years, which has been analysed palynologically in decadal to centennial resolution. Alkenone sea surface temperature estimates were analysed in centennial resolution. We studied sea surface temperatures and vegetation development during full glacial, deglacial, and interglacial conditions. During the glacial the vegetation in Angola was very open consisting of grass and heath lands, deserts and semi-deserts, which suggests a cool and dry climate. A change to warmer and more humid conditions is indicated by forest expansion starting in step with the earliest temperature rise in Antarctica, 22 thousand years ago. We infer that around the period of Heinrich Event 1, a northward excursion of the Angola Benguela Front and the Congo Air Boundary resulted in cool sea surface temperatures but rain forest remained present in the northern lowlands of Angola. Rain forest and dry forest area increase 15 thousand years ago. During the Holocene, dry forests and Miombo woodlands expanded. Also in Angola globally recognised climate changes at 8 thousand and 4 thousand years ago had an impact on the vegetation. During the past 2 thousand years, savannah vegetation became dominant.

Distribution of pollen and spores in sediments of ODP Hole 175-1078C

The distribution of pollen in marine sediments is used to record vegetation change on the continent. Generally, a good latitudinal correspondence exists between the distribution patterns of pollen in the marine surface sediments and the occurrence of the source plants on the adjacent continent. To investigate land-sea interactions during deglaciation, we compare proxies for continental (pollen assemblages) and marine conditions (alkenone-derived sea surface temperatures) of two high-resolution, radiocarbon-dated sedimentary records from the tropical southeast Atlantic. The southern site is located West of the Cunene River mouth; the northern site is located West of the Angolan Huambe Mountains. It is inferred that the vegetation in Angola developed from Afroalpine and open savannah during the last Glacial maximum (LGM) via Afromontane Podocarpus forest during Heinrich Event 1 (H1), to an early increase of lowland forest after 14.5 ka. The vegetation record indicates dry and cold conditions during the LGM, cool and wet conditions during H1 and a gradual rise in temperature starting well before the Younger Dryas (YD) period. Terrestrial and oceanic climate developments seem largely running parallel, in contrast to the situation ca. 5° further South, where marine and terrestrial developments diverge during the YD. The cool and wet conditions in tropical West Africa, South of the equator, during H1 suggest that low-latitude insolation variation is more important than the slowdown of the thermohaline circulation for the climate in tropical Africa.

Pollen analysis and age model of sediment core GIK-15856-2

Pollen and spores from a deep-sea core located west of the Niger Delta record an uninterrupted area of lowland rain forest in West Africa from Guinea to Cameroon during the last Interglacial and the early Holocene. During other periods of the last 150 ka, a savanna corridor between the western - Guinean - and the eastern - Congolian - part of the African lowland rain forest existed. This so-called Dahomey Gap had its largest extension during Glacial Stages 6, 4, 3, and 2. Reduced surface salinity in the eastern Gulf of Guinea as recorded by dinoflagellate cysts indicates sufficient precipitation for extensive forest growth during Stages 5 and 1. The large modern extension of dry forest and savanna in West Africa cannot be solely explained by climatic factors. Mangrove expansion in and west of the Niger Delta was largest during the phases of sea-level rise of Stages 5 and 1. During Stages 6, 4, 3, and 2, shelf areas were exposed and the area of the mangrove swamps was minimal.

Pollen record and dating of sediment core GIK16776-1 off Liberia

Based on pollen analysis of a sediment core from the Atlantic Ocean off Liberia the West African vegetation history for the last 400 ka is reconstructed. During the cold oxygen isotope stages 12, 10, 8, 6, 4, 3 and 2 an arid climate is indicated, resulting in a southward shifting of the southern border of the savanna. Late Pleistocene glacial stages were more arid than during the Middle Pleistocene. A persistence of the rain forest in the area, even during the glacial stages, is recorded. This suggests a glacial refuge of rain forest situated in the Guinean mountains. Afromontane forests with Podocarpus occurred in the Guinean mountains from the stages 12 to 2 and disappeared after. The tree expanded from higher to lower elevations twice in the warm oxygen isotope stage 11 (pollen subzones 11d, 11b) and at least twice during the warm stage 5 (pollen subzones 5d, 5a), indicating a relative cool but humid climate for these periods.

Del hospital al balneario: arquitecturas para tratar y prevenir las enfermedades

En el presente artículo se estudian las relaciones existentes en materia de hospitales entre la disciplina de la arquitectura y la ciencia de la medicina en el periodo de las eras Moderna y Contemporánea (1450-1950), es decir: las influencias entre ambas a través de sus respectivos avances y descubrimientos; particularizado para Occidente y para las tierras valencianas. El recorrido jalona los tipos arquitectónicos hospitalarios cruciforme, radial, pabellonario y colonia, y los coloca en correspondencia paralela a las teorías médicas hipocrática y galénica, la miasmática, la taxonomía y la nosología, para finalizar con las teorías del higienismo (sanitary movement) y la teoría microbiana de las enfermedades con los cambios que esta última introduce, junto a otros de índole técnica. Esto supone un cierto distanciamiento entre arquitectura y medicina a partir del siglo XX. Con la revolución industrial el tiempo era dinero; con la revolución sanitaria el tiempo sería vida. A ello se añaden las relaciones entre las curas por hidroterapia, talasoterapia y climatoterapia con los balnearios termales y los marinos. Se asiste a la doble evolución: del enfrentamiento a la enfermedad como un acto de cura de agudos y la arquitectura vinculada entendida como una máquina para curar (los hospitales), al planteamiento de la salud como un acto de tratamiento de crónicos y prevención, entendiendo la arquitectura vinculada como residencias o lugares de residencia y/o ocio (los balnearios). Las obras y proyectos arquitectónicos más sobresalientes que ilustran el discurso son: el antiguo hospital general de Valencia (s. XVI), el hospital civil de Oliver en Alcoy (s. XIX), el antiguo hospital provincial de Alicante (s. XX), el balneario de Busot (ss. XIX-XX), el sanitarium de Babel (s. XIX) y el conjunto de balnearios marítimos que existían por toda la costa valenciana (desde Torrevieja hasta Benicásim) y que han desaparecido en su totalidad tras la II guerra mundial. Se efectúa un recorrido histórico por los tipos de hospitales, que se plantean como arquitecturas para curar las enfermedades, hasta la aparición de los balnearios, planteados como arquitecturas para prevenirlas.

El drama de las fertilidades inertes

No tener hijos, si se desea tenerlos, es, sin lugar a dudas, un drama. Un drama que afecta a cada vez más personas, enfermas además de tristeza y de ansiedad, a las cuales la medicina actual ayuda con procedimientos innovadores de tratamiento de la infertilidad, entre los cuales destacan los avances conseguidos en la Comunidad Valenciana. La arquitectura destinada a albergar los lugares adonde se llevan a cabo esos tratamientos adquiere, evidentemente, un papel esencial en todo el proceso, porque no sólo ha de dar respuesta eficaz a los centros de investigación que, sin duda, en ella se desarrollan sino que, también y además, ha de proveer los espacios adonde las personas que deciden someterse a estas pruebas encuentren el respeto, la intimidad, la calma y el sosiego necesarios para afrontar las etapas de un viaje que no siempre tendrá final feliz. Dolores Alonso Vera y Javier García-Solera son los autores del Instituto Bernabeu de Alicante (1994-1996) y de la Clínica de Fertilidad de Valencia (1998-2002), dos arquitecturas de conmovedoras precisión y belleza, puestas al servicio de las personas que en ellas trabajan y, sobre todo, de las personas que a ellas acuden a tratar de resolver su problema. Esta comunicación pretende analizar ambos edificios desde el punto de vista de un entendimiento delicado y profundo de la sensibilidad de sus habitantes, permanentes o esporádicos, y desde la vocación de la arquitectura de cooperar activamente, no ya en la sanación, como lo podemos detectar en las clínicas y hospitales del XIX, sino en el acompañamiento amable, oportuno, cabal, de cuantas experiencias, capacidades, técnicas y, sobre todo, anhelos y esperanzas se dan cita en sus espacios.

Pichotou révuou deis saisouns bouqueirenquou; poëmou patois en 4 cants,

Mode of access: Internet.

Obros coumpletos coumpousados de pouesios prouvençalos

Mode of access: Internet.

Jean dé Cassis, oou Martégué ; imitation burlesque de Jean de Paris, mêlée de contes, saillies et bons mots, attribués aux anciens habitans du Martigues, en un acte et en vers provençaux, représentée pour la première fois ... en mars 1816,

Mode of access: Internet.

Estudio piloto de la validez convergente de la adaptación española del Denison Organizational Culture Survey

El (DOCS, Cuestionario de Cultura Organizacional de Denison) es uno de los instrumentos más utilizados en el análisis de la cultura organizacional. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la validez convergente de la versión en español del DOCS. Para ello hemos empleado otro instrumento de gran relevancia y utilización en el campo de la psicología de las organizaciones, el Organizational Culture Inventory (OCI, Inventario de Cultura Organizacional) de Cooke y Lafferty. Hemos evaluado la validez convergente de estos cuestionarios por medio de correlaciones de Pearson, utilizando una muestra de 344 miembros de una universidad española pertenecientes a diferentes equipos de investigación. Los resultados apuntan que el cuestionario de Denison se ajusta de manera muy pobre a una de las dimensiones del segundo instrumento, la Cultura agresiva-defensiva. En cambio, las altas correlaciones entre las dimensiones del DOCS con la dimensión de Cultura constructiva del OCI señalan que es muy probable que el equivalente conceptual y psicométrico entre ambos cuestionarios se encuentre en esta dimensión principalmente, lo que nos conduce a considerar que el DOCS es un instrumento especializado en la evaluación de organizaciones con una cultura constructiva.