Biological effects of a nuclear attack : presented at the Hearings on the Biological and Environmental Effects of Nuclear War, before the Special Subcommittee on Radiation, Joint Committee on Atomic Energy /

"Radiation Effects of Weapons Branch, AEC."

Nuclear public information and rational public policy decisions [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Research and Production of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session, December 15, 1981.

"No. 72."

Nuclear fission and atomic energy/

"Originated in a series of seminars ... held in the Physics Department of the University of Pennsylvania in the fall of 1945."

Is land really a constraint for the utilization of solar energy in India?

This article compares the land use in solar energy technologies with conventional energy sources. This has been done by introducing two parameters called land transformation and land occupation. It has been shown that the land area transformed by solar energy power generation is small compared to hydroelectric power generation, and is comparable with coal and nuclear energy power generation when life-cycle transformations are considered. We estimate that 0.97% of total land area or 3.1% of the total uncultivable land area of India would be required to generate 3400 TWh/yr from solar energy power systems in conjunction with other renewable energy sources.

Nos bastidores da criação da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear: disputas políticas e interesses econômicos

O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é analisar o processo de criação e regulamentação da Comissão Nacional de Energia Nuclear (CNEN), desde o governo Juscelino Kubitschek (1956-1961) até sua efetiva regulamentação em 1962. A iniciativa inscreveu-se no conjunto de medidas visando dar solução à crise que atravessava o Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas (CNPq), e que levariam à instauração, na Câmara dos Deputados, em 1956, de Comissão Parlamentar de Inquérito para investigar o problema da energia atômica no país. Como sinônimo de desenvolvimento e progresso, a energia nuclear também seria incluída no Programa de Metas de JK. São investigadas as disputas políticas e os interesses econômicos que marcaram o processo de implantação da CNEN e o desenvolvimento de suas atividades na etapa inicial de seu funcionamento.

A matriz eletronuclear no Brasil proposta de um marco jurídico adequado: natureza de serviço público das atividades do ciclo nuclear e a necessidade de uma entidade reguladora autônoma.

Partindo de uma análise histórica comparativa do tratamento da questão nuclear no Brasil, buscou-se compreender os condicionantes da estrutura normativa constitucional do tema atômico na atual Carta de 1988 para então lançar-se a uma análise crítica do atual quadro institucional, posto que é anterior à Constituição, mas que teria sido pela mesma recepcionado. Após esta análise crítica, tenta-se, no mesmo ambiente, reconstruir uma tessitura mínima para um ramo jurídico da energia nuclear, analisando, juntamente, a natureza das atividades do chamado ciclo nuclear. Enfim, cotejando todos estes dados, procura-se demonstrar que o atual marco legal é, ao menos, desatualizado e não atende a um projeto maior de desenvolvimento e controle das atividades nucleares no Brasil. Insta ainda salientar que, devido à própria natureza de uma tese de doutoramento, fez-se um recorte temático na questão nuclear, propositadamente não se aprofundando na temática referente à responsabilidade civil por dano nuclear, uma vez que já é tema tratado com bastante propriedade por variados escritos e autores.

A novel method for rapid comparative quantitative analysis of nuclear fuel cycles

One of the greatest obstacles facing the nuclear industry is that of sustainability, both in terms of the finite reserves of uranium ore and the production of highly radiotoxic spent fuel which presents proliferation and environmental hazards. Alternative nuclear technologies have been suggested as a means of delivering enhanced sustainability with proposals including fast reactors, the use of thorium fuel and tiered fuel cycles. The debate as to which is the most appropriate technology continues, with each fuel system and reactor type delivering specific advantages and disadvantages which can be difficult to compare fairly. This paper demonstrates a framework of performance metrics which, coupled with a first-order lumped reactor model to determine nuclide population balances, can be used to quantify the aforementioned pros and cons for a range of different fuel and reactor combinations. The framework includes metrics such as fuel efficiency, spent fuel toxicity and proliferation resistance, and relative cycle performance is analysed through parallel coordinate plots, yielding a quantitative comparison of disparate cycles. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Preliminary evaluation of a nuclear scenario involving innovative gas cooled reactors

In order to guarantee a sustainable supply of future energy demand without compromising the environment, some actions for a substantial reduction of CO 2 emissions are nowadays deeply analysed. One of them is the improvement of the nuclear energy use. In this framework, innovative gas-cooled reactors (both thermal and fast) seem to be very attractive from the electricity production point of view and for the potential industrial use along the high temperature processes (e.g., H 2 production by steam reforming or I-S process). This work focuses on a preliminary (and conservative) evaluation of possible advantages that a symbiotic cycle (EPR-PBMR-GCFR) could entail, with special regard to the reduction of the HLW inventory and the optimization of the exploitation of the fuel resources. The comparison between the symbiotic cycle chosen and the reference one (once-through scenario, i.e., EPR-SNF directly disposed) shows a reduction of the time needed to reach a fixed reference level from ∼170000 years to ∼1550 years (comparable with typical human times and for this reason more acceptable by the public opinion). In addition, this cycle enables to have a more efficient use of resources involved: the total electric energy produced becomes equal to ∼630 TWh/year (instead of only ∼530 TWh/year using only EPR) without consuming additional raw materials. © 2009 Barbara Vezzoni et al.